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2. HLTH 109 > Trunk wall I > Flashcards

Trunk wall I Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

trunk made up of:

A
  • thoracic wall

- abdominal wall

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2
Q

thoracic cage: main parts

A
  • 12 pairs ribs
  • costal cartilage
  • sternum
  • 12 thoracic verterbrae
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3
Q

thorax: general features

A
  • irregular shaped cylinder
  • narrow superiorly, large opening inferiorly
  • musculoskeletal wall: L/R pleural cavities, mediastinum
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4
Q

mediastinum: features

A
  • thick soft tissue partition contains:
  • esophagus
  • heart
  • trachea
  • major nerves
  • major blood vessels
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5
Q

pleural cavity:

A
  • separated by mediastinum

- extends superiorly above first rib contains lungs

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6
Q

thorax: functions

A
  • breathing
  • protection of vital organs
  • conduit
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7
Q

thoracic wall boundaries: posteriorly

A

12 thoracic vertebra and IV discs

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8
Q

thoracic wall boundaries: laterally

A
  • ribs (12 per side) and intercostal

- muscles

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9
Q

thoracic wall boundaries: anteriorly

A

sternum

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10
Q

superior thoracic aperture boundaries: posteriorly

A

body of T1

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11
Q

superior thoracic aperture boundaries: laterally

A

medial margin rib 1

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12
Q

superior thoracic aperture boundaries: anteriorly

A

manubrium

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13
Q

superior thoracic aperture: contents

A
  • upper limb and thorax: over 1st rib and superior part of pleural cavity as they enter/ exit mediastinum
  • head and neck and thorax: more vertically
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14
Q

inferior thoracic aperture: features

A
  • large and expandable

- margins: bone, cartilage, ligs closed by diaphragm

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15
Q

inferior thoracic aperture boundaries: posteriorly

A

body T12

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16
Q

inferior thoracic aperture boundaries: posterolaterally

A

rib 12, distal end rib 11

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17
Q

inferior thoracic aperture boundaries: anterolaterally

A

distal cartilaginous ends of ribs 7-10 (unite to form costal margin)

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18
Q

inferior thoracic aperture boundaries: anteriorly

A

xiphoid process

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19
Q

list (5) joints:

A
  • costovertebral
  • sternocostal
  • interchondral
  • manubriosternal
  • xiphisternal
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20
Q

articulations of ribs 2-9:

A

head of rib w:

  • 2 demi facets of body of own vertebra (superior costal facet)
  • body above (inf costal facet)

rib tubercle w:
- TVP of own vertebra at transverse costal facet

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21
Q

variations: T1

A

facet + demifacet

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22
Q

variations: T9

A

1 demifacet

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23
Q

variations: T10

A

1 facet

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24
Q

variations: T11-12

Study These Flashcards
A

1 facet, no transverse costal facet

25
typical ribs: eg and features
ribs 3-9: - curved shaft - ant end continuous w costal cartilage - post end articulates w vertebral column (head, neck, tubercle) shaft: superior margin (smooth, round) inferior margin (sharp, has costal groove) angle: shaft lateral to tubercle forwards
26
typical rib: head
expanded, 2 articular surfaces separated by crest
27
typical rib: neck
short flat region separating head and tubercle
28
typical rib: tubercle
projects inferiorly: - articular part: medial w oval facet -> facet of TVP - non articular part: rough for lig attachment
29
atypical rib: rib 1
- flat (horizontal plane) - broad sup/inf surfaces - attach to manubrium - 1 facet (only w body of T1) - scalene tubercle (superior surface) separates two grooves: ant (subclavian v) post (subclavian aa) - shaft roughened for attachments
30
atypical rib: rib 2
flat like rib 1, longer
31
atypical rib: rib 10
single facet for T10
32
atypical rib: ribs 11-12
no tubercles or necks - only articulates w body of own vertebra - short, lil curve - point anteriorly
33
costovertebral joints: consist of
- joints of heads of ribs | - costotransverse
34
costovertebral joints: joints and ligs allow
- rotation around longitudinal axes (mainly upper ribs) | - OR ascend/ descend relative to vertebral column (mainly lower)
35
joints of head of ribs: features
- 2 facets articulate: superior facet of own vertebra, inf facet of vertebra above - 2 synovial compartments separated by intra-articular lig which: attach to crest of IV disc, separates 2 articular surfaces on head of rib - single joint capsule around both synovial comp + lig
36
costotransverse joints:
synovial joint btw tubercle of rib and TVP of related vertebra
37
costotransverse joints: list ligs
- costotransverse - lateral costotransverse - superior costotransverse
38
costotransverse joints: movement
slight gliding
39
sternocostal joints: btw
btw 7 costal cartilages and sternum
40
sternocostal joints: classify rib 1 - maubrium
- synarthrosis | - fibrocartilaginous joint of 1st rib
41
sternocostal joints: classify 2-7th
synovial, reinforced by surrounding sternocostal ligs (thin capsule)
42
sternocostal joints: classify 2nd costal cartilage - sternum
- divided into 2 compartments by; intra-articular lig | - attaches 2nd costal cartilage - manubriosternal junction
43
interchondral joint: features
- costal cartilage of ribs 7-10 - indirect anchorage to sternum, help form smooth inf costal margin - usually synovial, reinforced by interchondral ligs
44
manubriosternal and xiphisternal joint: features and movement
- btw manubrium + body, - xiphoid process + body - usually symphyses both - slight angular movements btw manubrium + body during respiration - joints ossify w age
45
intercostal spaces: btw
adjacent ribs, contains intercostal muscles
46
intercostal spaces: neurovascular bundle
- btw internal + innermost intercostals within costal groove | - intercostal vein/ artery/ nerve
47
costal groove: placement
- vein superior - artery inferior to v - nerve most inferior (not protected by groove)
48
intercostal spaces: endothoracic fascia
- contains variable fat - deep to intercostal spaces - separates structures from pleura
49
intercostal spaces: deep/ superficial fascia
- both superficial to intercostal spaces | - muscles of upper limb and back overlie the spaces
50
thoracic wall muscles are muscles that:
- fill/ support intercostal spaces - pass btw sternum and ribs - cross several ribs btw costal attachments - reinforce thoracic wall
51
thoracic wall: muscles btw vertebra and ribs posteriorly and function
- levatores costarum - serratus posterior/ inferior - alter position of ribs + sternum to change thoracic volume during respiration
52
list intercostal muscles
- external - internal - innermost
53
external intercostals: features
- 11 pairs extend from: - inferior margin of rib -> superior margin rib below - tubercles of ribs -> costal cartilage - will continue as thin CT aponeurosis- external intercostal membrane
54
external intercostals: angular direction and function
- obliquely anteroinferiorly | - mostly inspiration
55
internal intercostals: features
- 11 pairs - btw most inf lateral edge of costal groove -> superior margin rib below - parasternal regions (btw costal cartilage) to angle of ribs posteriorly - continues to vertebral column as internal intercostal membrane
56
internal intercostals: angular direction and function
- obliquely inferiorly | - mostly expiration
57
innermost muscles: features
- least distinct - same orientation as internal intercostals - most evident: lateral thoracic wall - medial edge of costal groove -> deep surface rib below - neurovascular bundles pass btw innermost/ internal
58
subcostal muscles:
- same plane as innermost intercostals: fibres parallel internal intercostals - internal surface of one rib -> internal surface of next/ third rib below - from angle of rib -> medial rib below - more numerous in lower regions of post thoracic wall
59
transversus thoracis:
- deep surface ant thoracic wall - same plane as innermost intercostals - post aspect of xiphoid process/ inf part of body/ adjacent costal cartilage/ true lower ribs - superiorly laterally - insertion: lower borders of costal cartilage of ribs 3-6 - deep to internal thoracic vessels, secure vessels to wall

2. HLTH 109 (29 decks)

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