Thigh and knee II

Question 1

list general parts of femoral triangle:

Answer 1

base, medial/ lateral border, floor, apex

Question 2

femoral triangle: base

Answer 2

inguinal lig

Question 3

femoral triangle: medial border

Answer 3

adductor longus

Question 4

femoral triangle: lateral border

Answer 4

sartorius

Question 5

femoral triangle: floor

Answer 5

iliopsoas, pectineus

Question 6

femoral triangle: apex

Answer 6

continual with adductor canal that descends medially and through adductor hiatus

Question 7

major structures of femoral triangle:

Answer 7

L–>M

• fem n
• fem a
• fem vein
• lymphatic vessels

VAN: M->L
NAVEL: + empty space

Question 8

femoral sheath:

Answer 8

subdivided in 3 com containing (L–> M):

• femoral artery
• femoral vein
• lymphatics (femoral canal)

Question 9

femoral canal:

Answer 9

contains fat, lymph vessels, deep inguinal lymph node

Question 10

femoral ring:

Answer 10

upper end of femoral canal

• potential weak point in lower abdomen,
• site femoral hernias

Question 11

saphenous opening/ ring:

Answer 11

• opening in fascia lata
• upper middle thigh
• passage for great saphenous vein, lymph vessels, small arteries

Question 12

adductor (sub-sartorial) canal: general

Answer 12

• musculofascial tunnel continuous with femoral triangle
• ends at adductor hiatus
• middle 1/3 of thigh

Question 13

adductor (sub-sartorial) canal: boundaries

Answer 13

anterolaterally:
- vastus medialis

posteriorly:

• adductor longus
• adductor magnus

medially (and roof):
- sartorius

Question 14

adductor (sub-sartorial) canal: contents

Answer 14

• femoral vessels
• saphenous n
• n to vastus medialis

Question 15

name 2 knee joints:

Answer 15

• femorotibial joint

- femoropatellar joint

Question 16

femorotibial joint: classification

Answer 16

synovial hinge

Question 17

femorotibial joint: articulating surfaces

Answer 17

• medial femoral condyle w/ medial tibial condyle
• lateral femoral condyle w/ lateral tibial condyle

(lateral medial meniscus- transverse, coronary ligaments)

Question 18

femorotibial joint: ligaments

Answer 18

extracapsular:

• ligamentus patellae
• medial/lateral collateral
• oblique popliteal
• arcuate popliteal

intra-articular:

• ant/post cruciate
• ant/post meniscofemoral

Question 19

femorotibial joint: bursae

Answer 19

many: incl
- suprapatellar
- pre-patellar
- superficial/ deep infrapatellar

Question 20

femorotibial joint: blood supply

Answer 20

descending and genicular branches from:

• femoral
• popliteal
• lateral circumflex femoral aa
• cirumflex fibular

recurrent branches from tibial

Question 21

femorotibial joint: innervation

Answer 21

branches from:

• obturator
• femoral
• tibial
• common fibular nn

Question 22

femorotibial joint: movements

Answer 22

flexion, extension

- some rotation during locking/unlocking the knee

Question 23

femoropatellar joint: classification

Answer 23

synovial plane

Question 24

femoropatellar joint: articulating surfaces

Answer 24

patellar surface of femur - articular surface of patella

Question 25

femoropatellar joint: ligaments

Answer 25

patellar lig

Question 26

femoropatellar joint: movements

Answer 26

gliding

Question 27

to test for tears in cruciate ligaments:

Answer 27

ACL: can draw tibia anteriorly while flex knee PCL: can push tibia posteriorly while flex knee

Question 28

stability of knee joint: general

Answer 28

- combo of bones, ligaments, menisci, iliotibial tract, muscles - most stable when extended - in flexion, ligs are more lax, some rotation occurs

Question 29

stability of knee joint: medial stability

Answer 29

due to mostly: - tibial (medial) collateral lig, - semitendinosus - semimembranosus - sartorius - gracilis

Question 30

stability of knee joint: lateral stability

Answer 30

due to mostly: - fibular (lateral) collateral lig - iliotibial tract - popliteus - biceps femoris

Question 31

stability of knee joint: anterior/posterior stability

Answer 31

enhanced by: - cruciate ligs - quadriceps tendon - ligamentum patellae

Question 32

Q angle:

Answer 32

normal angle at the knee, when extended

Question 33

popliteal fossa: list boundaries

Answer 33

- superior - inferior - floor - roof

Question 34

popliteal fossa: superior boundary

Answer 34

medial: - semitendinosus - semimembranosus lateral: - biceps femoris

Question 35

popliteal fossa: inferior boundary

Answer 35

medial: - medial head of gastrocnemius lateral: - plantaris - lateral head of gastrocnemius

Question 36

popliteal fossa: floor

Answer 36

- capsule of knee joint - femur - tibia - popliteus membrane (?)

Question 37

popliteal fossa: roof

Answer 37

fascia and skin

Question 38

popliteal fossa: contents

Answer 38

- popliteal artery and vein - tibial - common fibular n