Blue 1-2 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is treatment for HZO
PO aciclovir 800mg 5x/day for 7-10 days
No benefit of topical aciclovir
Starting PO aciclovir within 72 hours of rash onset reuces the risk of post-herpetic nerualgia and ocular complications but still consider if later.
What are Karchmer’s spots? Khodadoust line?
subepithelial opacities in graft suggesting rejection.
Endothelial line in endothelial graft rejection
Corneal arcus
Where does it start
Which layer?
Association?
What occurs with it?
Ipsilateral
Starts at 12 and 6 o clock
Lipid deposits in peripheral stroma but can be in DM/Bowman’s layer
Associated with peripheral corneal thinning - senile furrow degeneration
Unilateral arcus - contralateral carotid artery disease
Ipsilateral ocular hypotony
Which layer is Wilson’s disease
Copper deposition in Descemet’s membrnae
Wilson’s disease inheritance?
Gene? Signs?
Autosomal recessive
ATP7B gene - regulates copper transport protein
What is treatment for Wilson’s disease
D-penicillamine promotes unirary secretion of copper - may disappear Keyser Fleischer ring
What is Meesmann dystrophy?
Autosomal dominant
Epithelial
Irregular thickening of the epithelial basement membrane and intraepithelial cysts
What is Reis Buckler Dystrophy?
Autosomal dominant
Bowman’s layer
REplacement of Bowman’s layer and epithelial basement memvrnae with fibrous tissuesW
hat is Thiel BEnke dystrophy
Curly fibres in Bowman layer
What is Schnyder dystrophy
AD
Abnormal metabolism of lipid
Central crystalline dystrophy
Deposition of cholesterol and phospholipids in stroma
What are Vogt striae
Vertical lines in storma which may disappear on pressure (in keratoconus)
What is Fleischer ring
IRon deposition at base of cone in keratoconusW
What is Munson’s sign
Conical distortion of the lwoer lid on down gaze
What is Rizutti’s sign
Abdnormal fobussing of beam orientated obliquely across the cone from the temporal side
What is seen on histopathology in keratoconus
Breaks in Bowman’s layer
What is acute hydrops?
Descemet’s membrane rupture resulting in acute corneal oedema
Treat with topical steorids lubrication and cycloplegia
Intracamers air injection or gas can be used to tamponade Descemet’s break
Which corneal curvture affected in keratoconus?
Both anterior and posterior
What is Belin AMbroso Enhance Ectasia tdisplay
Analytic tool in pentacam to detect early keratoconus
Displays anterior and posterior elvation data relative to best fit sphere
What is posterior keratoconus
Abnormal steepening of the posterior cornea in presence of normal anterior corneal surface.
Isolated unilateral congenital finding
What is Peter’s anomaly
Congenital central corneal opacity (leukoma) associated with posterior corneal defect (posterior stromal, DM, endothelium)
May be associated with anterior iris strands, lens corneal strands and glaucoma (50-70%)
Sporadic
Associated with Anairida (PAX6), PIT2X and FOXC1 (Axenfel Riegler)
May be associated with cardian and CNS anomalies (peter plus sydnrome)
What are features sugestive of conjunctival naevus
Unilaterality
Focal lesion
Chornicity
PResence of cysts
What are features suggestive of conjunctival melanoma
Elevation
Immobility
Vascularity
What is conjunctival melanosis?
Excessive melanin production and retention of melanin by epithelial melanocytes
Does not elevate surface of conjunctiva and not associated with cystic changes.
May be associated with periocular skin changes called naevus of Ota (oculodermal melanocytosis)
What is Mooren’s ulcer
Idiopathic peripheral ulcerative keratitis with absence of systemic disorder
Painful and progressive
Starts from peripheral cornea and progresses circumferentially and centrally.
Ulcer is concentric to limbus and leading edge is undermined, infiltrated and de-epithelialised
Creates overhanding edge at central borderW
