Blue 2-2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is the criteria for migraine with aura? What is the risk?
Criteria - 2 typical attacks of migraine with aura symptoms
Increased risk of ischaemic stroke and MI
Unilateral pain lasting 4-72hours with N/V, photophobia/phonophobia
Female 3:1
What is Riddoch penomenon
Preserved awareness of moving but not stationary stimuli
What is Pulfrich phenomenon
Patient see targets moving towards them when the targets are moving laterally
(optic nerve diseases)
What is Anton syndrome
Cortical blindness who deny their blindness
Due to bilateral retrochiasmal visual pathway diseases such as bilateral occipital lobe infarction.
What is CedIak hIgashI syndrome
Autosomal recessive
Recurrent severe pyogenic Infections
Progressive neuro abnormality
Mucosal disease
Albinism
What is Griscelli sydnrome
Neurological deficit with or without immunological impairment
Lack of giant intracellular granules
Albinism
What is Hermansky Pudlak syndrome
Platelet deficiency resulting in bleeding
Pulmonary disease
Granulomatous colitis
Albinism
Waardenburg syndrom
Iris heterochromia
Broad nasal root
White forelock
What are ocular abnormlaitties in congenital zika syndrome? How transmitted?
70% of patients will have ocular abnormlaiteis
Posterior segment abnormaliteis most common
RPE loss
CHoroidal inflammatory infiltrates
Chorioreitnal atrophy
REtinal haem
Iris coloboma, glaucoma, cataract
TRansmitted via mosquito from Aedes genus
What is treatment for prolactimona
Bromocriptine dopamine agonist
What enzyme is reduced in albinism
Tyrosinase - responsible for melanin synthesis
What conditions cause saddle nose deformity
TRauma
Surgery
Granulomatosis and polyangiitis (cANCA)
Relapsing polychondritis
Sarcoidosis
Crohn’s
Syphilis
Leprosy
Septal abscesses
Treatment for fluorescein anaphylaxis
0.5mg 1:1000 IM adrenaline
What is hemifaical spasm
Sporadic/AD
Female
40-60
Involuntary synchronous tonic and/or clonic contraction of facial msucles
Caused by dysfunctional facial nerve
Result of anomalous vascular compression of the facial nerve
- AICA and PICA are most common compressing vessels
What is Purtscher retinopathy
Traumatic casue (indirect non ocular)
Cotton wool spots
Retinal haemorrhages
Optic disc oedema
Purtscher flecken (areas of polygonal retinal whitening)
Findings usually peripapillary
Purtscher like retinoapthy (not associated with trauma)
What is Budd Chiari syndrome?
Thrombosis of hepatic portal vein
What is Arnold Chiari syndrom
Anatomical anomaly at foramen magnum predisposing to cerebellar tonsillar descent and brain stem compression
What can BEhcet’s disease cause resulting in bilateral 6th palsy and papilloedema
Dural venous sinus thrombosis
What is erythema chronicum migrans? What causes it?
Target appearance with erythema and inducation at centre
Borrelia burgdoferi - tick bit - lume disease
What casues cat scratch disease?
Bartonella henselae
Oculoglandular syndrome
KEratitis
NEuroretinitis
Uveitis
When to do DEXA scan
Continuous oral corticosteroid for >3 months
Bone protection in glucocorticoid useH
Women and men >70 with previous fragility fracture taking high dose >7.5mg OD)
Start at onset of glucocorticoid therapy
What are scores of DEXA scan
Normal 0 to -1
Osteopenia -1 to -2.5
Osteoporosis -2.6 or less
Hba1c target and good level
<48 on diet/single oral drug therapy
<53 in pts with drug hypoglycaemia and in patients with hba1c > 58
