Blue 3-1 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the prevalence of childhood amblyopia <0.3
1%
What is the mortaility rate among children in the year following diagnosis of severe visual impariment
10%
When is annual age group specific incidenc eo fchildhood visual impairment hightest
First year of life
What are most common causes of severe visual impairment in children in the UK
Cerebral visual impairment
opitc nerve disorder
What is sturge Weber sydnrome? Wjhat gene? What ocular abnormlaiteis? Which side?
When to treat ROP
Zone 1 any stage with plus dusease
Zone 1 stage 3+ without plus disease
Zone 2 stage 3+ with plus disase
Consider in zone 2 stage 2 with plus disease
ROP stages
DRFIT
1 - demarcation line
2 - ridge
3 - fibrovascular changes
4 - incomplete RD 4a mac on 4b mac off
5 - total RD
ROP zones
1 twice width of disc to fovea areound disc
2 up to nasal ora around disc
3 temporal crescent
CRYO ROP
Threshold ROP
Zone I/II
Plus disease
Stage 3
5 continuous or 8 non-continous clock hours
Cryo in threshold ROP reduces risk of RD/macular fold/retrolental mass by 50%
ETROP
Prethreshold ROP:
Zone 1 any stage with plus
Zone 1 stage 3 without plus
Zone 2 stage 2 or stage 3 with plus
- Early laser reduce risk of adverse outcomes
What are diagnostic criteria for congenital infantile esotropia
Esotropia 40-50PD with a range of 10-90PD
Normal neurological status
Refractive error expected for age
(low to moderate hyperopia) correction of which does not eliminate esotropia
Asymmetric optokinetic nystagmus with robus temporal to nasal response and erratic nasal to temporal response
Stickler syndrome which type is associated with ocular problems?
Inhertiance patter?
Collagen type?
STL1 stickler type 1
COL2A1 (type 2 collagen)
Type 3 non ocular
When should congenital cataract be removed
6 weeks for single cataract
10 weeks for two (bilateral)
Inheritance of posterior polar cataract?
Autosomal dominance
Associated with mutations in PITX3
PErsistent fetal vasculature can be assocaited with posterior plaque outside or involving the posterior capsule of clear lens
What is posterior lenticonus?
Central/paracentral posterior capsule is thin and bulges posteriorly
Occurs at the location where the hyaloid system attaches to the eye
Localised area of extreme myopic refraction
Optical distortion
Unilateral mostly
Spontenous rupture of the lens is rare leading to total cataract
What are variable angle of deviation strabismus
Uncorrected refractive error
Anisometropia
Nystagmus compensation syndrome
Convergence excess esotropia
What is microtropia
Small manifest deviation with a degree of BSV created by abnormal reitnal correspondence, eccentric fixation and a central suppression scotoma.
Microtropia with identity - no movement on cover test
Microtropia without identitiy - movement on cover test as eccentric fixation is not absolute
What is eccentric fixation
Using part of retina other than fovea to fixate on an object - unconscious
Usually in amblyopia
What is nystagmus blockage syndrome?
Esotropia developed to suppress congenital nystagmus
What is convergence excess esoptropia?
Eyes converge more at near than at distance due to excessive accommodative convergence
> 10PD difference
High AC/A ratio
ManagementL
+2 to +3 bifocals to relax accommodation at near
Medial rectus recession
What are indications for surgery in Duane syndrome
Elimination or improvement of an unacceptable head turn - success in 79-100%
Elimination or reduction of significant misalignment of the eyes
Reduction of severe retraction
Improvement of upshoots and downshoots
Does not improve fusion or motility
Duane type I, II, III
I abDuction deficit - mild retraction - eso
II aDDuction deficit - severe retraction -exo
III abDuction and aDDuction deficit - moderate retraction - eso
What mutation seen in x linked juvenile retinoschisis
RS1 mutation in 90-95%
What is XLJR
Abnormality in intracellular adhesion molecule resulting in retinal splitting at the NFL in boys and may present with maculopathy
Foveal changes - stellate spoke like appearance with microcysts.
