Blue 3-2

Question 1

Q

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Most PCG cases are?

Answer 2

Sporadic; familial in 10–40% with autosomal recessive inheritance and variable penetrance.

Question 3

Classic triad of PCG symptoms?

Answer 3

Epiphora, photophobia, blepharospasm (but may be absent).

Question 4

Most common presenting signs in PCG?

Answer 4

Cloudy cornea and buphthalmos (found in over 40%).

Question 5

How does glaucomatous cupping differ in PCG vs adult?

Answer 5

PCG: circumferential enlargement; Adult: rim thinning at inferior/superior poles.

Question 6

Effect of ketamine on IOP?

Answer 6

Increases IOP by increasing extraocular muscle tone.

Question 7

GA agents that minimally affect IOP?

Answer 7

Chloral hydrate (least effect), followed by ketamine.

Question 8

Acute concomitant esotropia red flags?

Answer 8

Nystagmus or inability to restore binocularity → neurological investigation.

Question 9

Non-neuro causes of acute esotropia?

Answer 9

Past strabismus, occlusion therapy, monocular visual loss, myopia.

Question 10

Optical management for acute esotropia?

Answer 10

Cycloplegic refraction and glasses.

Question 11

Prism use in acute esotropia?

Answer 11

Base out prisms in the ipsilateral eye.

Question 12

Botox use in acute esotropia?

Answer 12

Injected into ipsilateral medial rectus.

Question 13

Surgery indication in esotropia?

Answer 13

Stable large deviations unsuitable for spontaneous fusion.

Question 14

Causes of monocular elevation deficiency (MED)?

Answer 14

SR palsy, IR restriction, or supranuclear lesion.

Question 15

FDT restrictive in MED suggests?

Answer 15

IR restriction → do IR recession.

Question 16

FDT non-restrictive in MED suggests?

Answer 16

SR paresis/supranuclear → Knapp procedure.

Question 17

Clinical features of MED?

Answer 17

No upgaze in all positions, hypotropia, ptosis/pseudoptosis, chin-up posture.

Question 18

Surgical goals in MED?

Answer 18

Improve eye position in primary gaze and increase binocular field.

Question 19

TED most commonly affects which EOMs?

Answer 19

IR and medial rectus.

Question 20

TED strabismus presentation?

Answer 20

Hypotropia and/or esotropia.

Question 21

TED orbital pain seen in?

Answer 21

30% of patients (dull, deep orbital pain).

Question 22

TED EOM restriction affects?

Answer 22

40% of patients.

Question 23

TED strabismus surgery indications?

Answer 23

Intractable diplopia, abnormal head posture, cosmetic concerns.

Question 24

Order of surgery in TED?

Answer 24

Orbital decompression → strabismus → lid surgery.

Question 25

Complication of IR recession in TED?

Answer 25

Lower eyelid retraction (due to adhesion with capsulopalpebral fascia).

Question 26

Complication of SR recession in TED?

Answer 26

Worsening upper eyelid retraction.

Question 27

Three types of intermittent exotropia (IXT)?

Answer 27

Basic exotropia (BE), distance exotropia (DE), convergence insufficiency (CI).

Question 28

Definition of basic exotropia (BE)?

Answer 28

Distance deviation within 10 PD of near.

Question 29

Definition of distance exotropia (DE)?

Answer 29

Distance > near by 10 PD.

Question 30

True vs simulated divergence excess?

Answer 30

True: near < distance even after occlusion; Simulated: near ≈ distance after occlusion.

Question 31

Definition of convergence insufficiency (CI) IXT?

Answer 31

Near deviation > distance by 10 PD.

Question 32

Visual findings in IXT?

Answer 32

Normal VA, good near stereopsis, no diplopia, may have suppression or anomalous correspondence.

Question 33

What determines IXT control quality?

Answer 33

Proportion of time deviation is manifest.

Question 34

Fusion in manifest deviation indicates?

Answer 34

Anomalous correspondence.