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Hugh's MD1 Metabolism > BMI and Energy > Flashcards

Flashcards in BMI and Energy Deck (15)
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1
Q

What property of fat cells make it so hard to loose weight and keep it off?

A

Their size can vary 20 fold, depending on the size of the fat droplet

It takes 6 month before fat cells apoptose when on a diet

1
Q

How does leptin signal in response to increased weight?

A

Increase energy expenditure

2
Q

Why must you be wary when refeeding people after a long starvation?

A

The intestinal villi degenerate = reduced capacity to absorb nutrients = bacterial overgrowth = sepsis = death

3
Q

What is the normal BMI range?

A

18.5-25

3
Q

How much muscle mass can a person with 12kg of protein lose before it causes too much stress?

A

400g

4
Q

What is aponectin?

A

It’s an anti-inflammatory peptide secreted by adipocytes to activate fatty-acid oxidation, glucose uptake and lactate production in muscle.

= It’s good, having low levels is bad

5
Q

Which structure does leptin signal to?

A

The hypothalamus

7
Q

What is cachexia?

A

Pathological muscle and fat loss due to overproduction of TNF-alpha - seen in cancer

8
Q

What determines the weight set point in humans?

A

Leptin level

9
Q

What is ghrelin do to hunger?

A

Stimulates it via NPY release of arcuate nucleus in hypothalamus

11
Q

Why don’t most obese people respond to leptin?

A

They have low leptin receptor activity

12
Q

What waist circumference is associated with increase risk of metabolic complications in women?

A

>80cm

13
Q

What is the difference between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus?

A

Kwashiorkor is predominantly protein deficiency > there is oedema and some subcutaneous fat

Marasmus is generalised malnurishment > Skin and bones appearance

14
Q

What waist circumference is associated with increased risk of metabolic complications in men?

A

>94cm

15
Q

Why do people develop lactose intolerance?

A

Lactase production drops