Body Fluids

Question 1

Intracellular fluids

Answer 1

25-30 L, in cytoplasm

Question 2

extracellular fluid

Answer 2

15-20 L, blood and fluid outside of cell

Question 3

componenets of ECF

Answer 3

plasma, interstitial fluid-fluid between cells, lymph, csf, eye fluids, synovial, serous, horone secretion

Question 4

non-electrolyte

Answer 4

no charge, organic molecules, glucose, lipids, creatine, urea, covalently bonded

Question 5

electrolytes

Answer 5

electrically charged, Na, K, Ca, Cl, inorganic acids bases, some proteins

Question 6

measurement of electrolytes

Answer 6

milliequivalnets/liter=number of electrical charges

Question 7

mEq/l

Answer 7

conc. of ion/atomic weight X electrical charges on one ion

Question 8

extracellular fluids major cation

Answer 8

NA

Question 9

extracellular fluid major anion

Answer 9

Cl

Question 10

water intake

Answer 10

2.5 L per day, 60% from water, 30% from food, 10% from cells

Question 11

water output

Answer 11

evaporation from lungs- 28%
prespiration-8%
feces-4%
urine- 60%

Question 12

regulation of water

Answer 12

osomoreceptors, kidneys, body. temp, feces

Question 13

what are salts in body fluids essential for?

Answer 13

neuromuscular excitability, secretin, membrane permeability, controlling fluid movement

Question 14

how does salt exit the body

Answer 14

perspiration, feces, urine

Question 15

role of sodium

Answer 15

90-95% in ECF
primary controller of ECF volume-osmosis

Question 16

regulation of Na

Answer 16

PCT, loop of henle, DCT, collecting ducts, perspiration, ANP

Question 17

PCT for Na

Answer 17

reabsorbs 65% of na in renal filtrate

Question 18

loop of henle for Na

Answer 18

reclaims 25%, ascending

Question 19

DCT and collecting ducts

Answer 19

reclaim remaining 10% only if aldosternone is present

Question 20

ANP

Answer 20

promotes Na excretion dumped in urine, inhibts Na reabsorption, inhibits release of ADH, renin, aldosterone

Question 21

regulation of potassium

Answer 21

kidneys, collecting ducts, aldosterone, adrenal cortex

Question 22

potassium

Answer 22

major cation in cells

Question 23

Role of K

Answer 23

membrane potential, electrical conduction in heart

Question 24

kidney for K

Answer 24

85% is reabsorbed by nephron
15% lost in urine

Question 25

collecting ducts for k

Answer 25

reabsorbed by type a intercalated cells

Question 26

aldosterone for K

Answer 26

increases K secretin in coritical collection ducts

Question 27

Calcium

Answer 27

99% of it is in the bones, needed for blood clotting, cell membrane permeability, muscle contraction, neurosecretion

Question 28

regulation of Ca

Answer 28

PTH- decrease calcitonin- increase

Question 29

PTH

Answer 29

activates osteoclasts to break down and releas Ca in blood, increase intestinal absorption, increases reabsoprtionn in renal tubules

Question 30

calcitonin

Answer 30

released by thyroid gland when blood ca increases, encourages bone deposition of ca

Question 31

magnesium

Answer 31

2nd most abundant intracellular cation

Question 32

purpose of magnesium

Answer 32

carb and protein metabolism, cardiac function, neurotransmission, neuromuscular activity, cofactor for ATP

Question 33

where is Mg

Answer 33

50% is in bone

Question 34

Chloride

Answer 34

helps Na maintain osmotic pressure, 99% of filtered Cl reabsorbed passively, in DCT Na and CL transport is coupled

Question 35

Acid base balance

Answer 35

all biochemcial reactiona are influecned by the pH of body fluids

Question 36

arterial blood pH

Answer 36

7.4

Question 37

venous blood pH

Answer 37

7.35

Question 38

H concentration in blood is regualted by

Answer 38

chemical buffer systems, respiration, kidneys

Question 39

chemical buffer system

Answer 39

bicarbonate, phosphate, proteins

Question 40

acids

Answer 40

proton donors

Question 41

bases

Answer 41

proton acceptors

Question 42

increase of H

Answer 42

increase of acicity, decrease pH

Question 43

decrease of H

Answer 43

decrease of acidity, increase pH

Question 44

buffers

Answer 44

solutions of weak acids and bases that resit changes in pH

Question 45

bicarbonate

Answer 45

ECF buffer, ions are mopped up by HCO3 combining with H or H2CO3 splitting if H is low

Question 46

HCO3 concentration is regulated by

Answer 46

kidneys

Question 47

H2CO3 is regualted by

Answer 47

respiration

Question 48

phosphate

Answer 48

in urine and ICF

Question 49

increase of phosphate

Answer 49

H + HPO4 add

Question 50

decrease of phosphate

Answer 50

H2Po4 splits to give up phosphate

Question 51

proteins

Answer 51

most plentiful and powerful source o fbuffers in plasma and ICF

Question 52

amino acids

Answer 52

mop up H, COO give up H, NH3

Question 53

respiratory regulation of Ph

Answer 53

physiological system, bicarbonate

Question 54

respiratory acidosis

Answer 54

acid-base imbalance, respiration is insufficent, blood CO2 rises, pH falls

Question 55

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 55

CO2 is elimiated faster than produced, respiration is too fast, pH rises

Question 56

metaboloc acidosis

Answer 56

low blood HCO3 levels, too much alcholhol, ph Low

Question 57

metabolic akalosis

Answer 57

less common , vomititng, blood HCO3 is high, pH is high