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Physiology Lecture > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

parts of the urinary system

A

kidney, bladder, 2 ureters, uretha

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2
Q

kidneys

A

homeostatic organs

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3
Q

kidney function

A

filter and maintain body fluids, retain improtant molecules and remove wastes, excess ions, regulate pH, fluid volume and salts

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4
Q

endocrine function of kidneys

A

renin and erythopoeitin

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5
Q

anatomy of kidney

A

bean shaped, size of a bar of soap, retoperioneal

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6
Q

hilus of kindey

A

vertical cleft, entry site for blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

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7
Q

renal capsule

A

strong barrier

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8
Q

adipose capsule

A

fatty mass that cushions kidneys

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9
Q

renal fascia

A

dense fibrous CT, anchors kidneys

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10
Q

inside of kidney

A

cortex, medulla, lobe, pelvis, calyces

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11
Q

renal cortex

A

outer granular tissue

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12
Q

renal medulla

A

reddish brown pyramids

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13
Q

renal columns

A

cortical tissue between pyramids

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14
Q

lobe of kideny

A

each pyramid and surrounding tissue, approx. 8

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15
Q

renal pelvis

A

funnelshaped tube continous with ureter at hilus, branches in to major then minor calyces

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16
Q

calyces

A

collect urine, propelled by peristasis of calyces, pelvis and ureter

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17
Q

renal artery

A

deliver 25% of total cardiac output/min

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18
Q

nerve network of kidney

A

controlled by sym. fibers

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19
Q

steps of blood flow to the kidney

A

aorta-renal-segmental artery-interlobular artert-arcuate artery-cortical radiate artery- afferent arterole- glomerulus

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20
Q

steps of blood flow out of kidney

A

glomerulus-efferent arterole-capillaries-cortical radiate vein-arcuate vein-interlobular-renal-IVC

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21
Q

nephrons

A

1 million per kidney, form urine, several connect up to 1 connecting duct

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22
Q

what does a nephron consist of

A

a glomerulus, renal tubule, glomerular capsule, renal corpsulcle

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23
Q

renal corpsulce

A

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

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24
Q

epithelium of glomerulus

A

fenestrated, allows large volumes of fluid to filter from blood into glomerular cpaulse

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25
what is the filtrate in golmerulus?
unprocessed urine
26
endothelium of glomerular capsule
outer parietal, visceral lal=yer
27
outer parietal layer
simple squamous epithelium
28
inner visceral layer
podocytes
29
podocytes
octupus-like with extensions called pedicles
30
proximal convoluted tube
region, cuboidal, actively reabosrb solute, secrete molecues
31
loop of henle thin segment
simple squamous, freely permeable to H2O
32
loop of henle thick segment
cuboidal, secrete solutes into filtrate
33
distal convulted tube
coiled region connects to collecting ducts, cuboidal cells, secrete solutes
34
cortical nephrons
85%, high in cortex, except fo tip of the loop of henle
35
duxtamedullary nephrons
located closer to medulla, low in cortex, loop goes deep in medulla (long)
36
role of duxta nephrons
concentrate urine
37
afferent arterioles
arise from interlobular arteries, feed the glomerulus
38
b.p of afferent arterioles
55 mmHg, easily forces fluid and solutes out of glomerulus
39
efferent arterioles
drain the glomerulus
40
peritubular capillaries
arise from efferent arteriles draining glomeruli, cling to renal tubules
41
function of peritubular capillaries
absorption of solute and water
42
glomerulus function
produce filtrate
43
juxtaglomerulus apparatus location
portion of distal tubule nestled between afferent and efferent arterioles
44
where are the JG cells located
in the walls of arterioles
45
function of JG cells
sense b.p in afferent arteriole, change efferent arteriole
46
GFR
glomecular filtration, 120 mls/min
47
if BP increases the glomerular
may rupture bv, filtration has a lot of water, flows quickly and cuboidal cells have no time to pull anything out
48
if bp decreases, the glomerular
kindeys do not do their job, filtration prduction decreases, cells pull too much out
49
process of renin in jg cells that increase GFR
activates angiotensin 1, ace activates angiotensin 2 which acts as a vasoconstrictor of efferent aretioles and release of aldosterone
50
macula densa cells
columar cells in distal tubule
51
what do MD cells do
sense filtrate flow, release ATP to vasocinstrict, affect afferent arteriole
52
urine
waste and excess substances
53
unporcessed filtrate
like plasma, but not proteins
54
process of urine formation
glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption secretion
55
what is urine formation regulated by
renal and hormonal controls
56
glomerular filtration
passive, high pressure, produces 180 L/day
57
forces that increase glomerular filtration
hyrdostatic pressure
58
forces that decrease glomerular filtration
osomotoic pressure, hydrostatic pressure in glom. capsule
59
what is the over all filtration pressure
10 mmHg
60
how much of a drop in pressure stops filtration
15%
61
osmotic pressure
30
62
regulation of glomerular filtration
autoregulation and renin
63
autoregulation
myogenic and tubuioglomerular feedback
64
myogenic regulation
fastest, reflex mechanism, smooth muscle contracts when stretched
65
for myogenic if bp goes up
vessels stretch-vasoconstriction-decrease flow and maintain GFR
66
for myogenic if bp does down
decreased blood flow-decrease stretch of vessels-vasodialation-increase flow and maintain GFR
67
tubuloglomerular feedback
macula densa cells detect and filtrate flow and osmotic levels
68
low flow or osmolarity for tublo feedback
MD cells do not release ATP-vasodialation of afferent arteriole-more blood enters glomerulus-GFR increases
69
high flow or osmolarity for tublo feedbacl
MD cells release ATP-vasoconstriction of afferent- less blood enters glomerulus- decrease GFR
70
renin angiotensin mechanism
vasocronstriction of arterioles increase GFR, aldosterone lowers osmolarity
71
Sympatheric nervous system
regulates renal flow during exterme stress, vasoconstriction, shunts blood to vital organs, reduces fluid loss
72
concentration of blood
280-300 mom
73
tubular reabsorption
takes place in the PCT
74
steps of tubular reabsorption
1-basolateral membrane, 3 NA is pumped into intersitial space by Na/K pump, atp is used 2- Na enters PT cell from tubule due to facilitaed diffusion and Na conc. gradient 3- passengers during secondary active diffusion: glucose, aa, ions, vitamins 4- reaborpstion of water by osmosis 5-lipid soluble substances by transcellualr 6- cl, ca, k and urea diffuse by paracellular route
75
concurrent multiplier
in loop of henle, makes interstital fluid salty
76
descending limb of henle
water leaves
77
ascedning limb of henle
solutes can leave
78
bottom of loop conc.
1200, in medulla
79
fluid conc. entering loop
300, in medulla
80
fluid conc. leaving loop
100
81
what causes water to leave desceding loop?
high osmolarity of intersitial fluid from Na exiting urea exiitng lower duct aldosterone
82
collecting duct
monitors extracellular space
83
concentrating urine
millisomoles, kidneys regulate concentration of urine
84
vasa recta
highy permeabe to water and solutes, helps maintain osmotic gradient
85
descending limb of vasa recta
water leaves, salt enters (300)
86
ascending limb of vasa recta
water enters, salt leaves, 325

Physiology Lecture (10 decks)

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