practice exam questions Flashcards by Sophia Baluis

Sperm are made in what structure

seminiferous tubules

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2) Which of the following is a function of the Interstitial cells of Leydig?

Androgen Production

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3) Which of the following occurs in males at puberty?
A) Spermatogonia divide mitosis
B) Spermatocytes divide by meiosis
C) Spermiogeneisis occurs
D) All of the above

all of the above

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4) What is the function of the Sustentacular cells?

A) Secretion of nutrients
B) Transport
C) Support
D) All of the above

all of the above

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5) Which of the following helps to shut off spermatogenesis?

A) Increased hypothalamic release of GnRH
B) Sustentacular cells release LH
C) Sustentacular cells release Inhibin
D) All of the above

sustentaculat cells release inhibin

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6) What is the location of release of Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)?

A) The Anterior Pituitary
B) The Posterior Pituitary
C) The Hypothalamus
D) All of the above

hypothalamus

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7) A fertilized egg implants into the ……..

A) Perimetrium
B) Myometrium
C) Endometrium
D) Ectometrium

endometrium

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8) What is the Corpus Albicans?

A) A mature follicle just before ovulation
B) A hormone secreting follicle
C) Part of the fallopian tube that drapes over the ovary
D) A scar on the ovary

scar

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9) During oogenesis, when is Meiosis II completed?

A) The first sign of puberty
B) Before birth of the female
C) Just before fertilization
D) After fertilization

after fertilization

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10) A low level of estrogen, during the ovarian cycle, has what effect?

A) Inhibition of the anterior pituitary
B) Inhibition of the posterior pituitary
C) Stimulation of the anterior pituitary
D) Stimulation of the posterior pituitary

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11) What chemical stimulates the LH surge (i.e. large release of Lutenizing hormone)?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle stimulating hormone
D) All of the above

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12) What is the function of the LH surge?

A) Triggers ovulation
B) Stimulates mitosis
C) Stimulates fertilizaion
D) All of the above

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13) After ovulation what inhibits the further release of FSH and LH?

A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) Inhibin
D) All of the above

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14) What is another term for red blood cells?

A) Leukocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Platelets
D) Granulocytes

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15) Which of the following is considered a normal hematocrit?

A) 5%
B) 25%
C) 45%
D) 95%

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16) What is the function of the blood system?

A) Transport of molecules
B) Transport of gases
C) Transport of wastes
D) All of the above

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17) Which of the following are NOT functions of the blood?

A) Regulation of pH
B) Regulation of temperature
C) Protection against pathogens
D) None of the above

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18) What is the structure of hemoglobin?

A) 4 alpha globulins
B) 4 beta globulins
C) 2 alpha and 2 beta globulins
D) 4 alpha and 4 beta globulins

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19) What is the function of the Iron molecules in hemoglobin?

A) Transport of Oxygen
B) Transport of Carbon dioxide
C) Transport of sodium
D) All of the above

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20) Where in the body does hematopoiesis occur?

A) The liver
B) The spleen
C) The bones
D) The thyroid

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21) Which of the following stimulates hematopoiesis?

A) Low blood oxygen levels
B) High blood oxygen levels
C) Low blood carbon dioxide levels
D) High blood carbon dioxide levels

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22) What is the life span of a red blood cell?

A) 12 hours
B) 120 hours
C) 120 days
D) 360 days

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23) What process results in the formation of bilirubin?

A) The degradation of iron
B) The degradation of heme
C) The degradation of globin
D) All of the above

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24) What is the function of Leukocytes?

A) Transport of wastes
B) Stimulate formation of new blood vessels
C) Protection against pathogens
D) All of the above

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25) Which of the following are Granulocytes? A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) All of the above

26) Which leukocytes are the most numerous in the blood system? A) Neutrophils B) Monocytes C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes

27) What is the function of a thrombocyte? A) It is phagocytic B) It plugs damaged blood vessels C) It is an anticoagulant D) All of the above

28) A person in blood group A has which antigens present on the surface of the red blood cells? A) antigen A B) antigen B C) antigens A & B D) no antigens

29) Which of the following blood groups is a Universal Donor? A) A B) B C) AB D) O

30) Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the Pulmonary circulation? A) The right Atrium B) The left atrium C) The right ventricle D) The left ventricle

31) The partial pressure of oxygen is going to be greatest in which of the following? A) Blood in the Pulmonary arteries B) Blood in the Pulmonary veins C) Blood in the vena cava D) Blood in the right ventricle

32) Which valve prevents blood from the left ventricle back flowing into the left atrium? A) Tricuspid B) Bicuspid C) Semilunar valves D) All of the above

33) What is the function of the Chordae Tendineae? A) Hold the heart in an upright position B) Keep the heart chambers open C) Prevent heart valves from opening upward D) Transmit emotional pain to the brain

34) Which of the following applies to autorhythmic cells? A) They are also called pacemaker cells B) They depolarize spontaneously and rhythmically C) They are found in the gastrointestinal tract D) All of the above

35) Which of the following ions is responsible for the cardiac action potential? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Magnesium

36) What effect does stimulation of the vagus nerve have on the heart? A) Increases the heart rate B) Decreases the heart rate C) Increases the force of contraction D) Increases the stroke volume

37) What does the T wave represent on an electrocardiogram? A) Atrial depolarization B) Ventricular depolarization C) Atrial repolarization D) Ventricular repolarization

38) What is Systole? A) Contraction of the myocardium B) Relaxation of the myocardium C) Contraction of the aorta D) Contraction of the vena cava

39) Which of the following applies to the capacitance vessels of the body? A) Little smooth muscle B) Are blood reservoirs C) Contain numerous valves D) All of the above

40) The blood pressure in the Aorta normally reaches………. A) 10 mm Hg B) 70 mm Hg C) 120 mm Hg D) 200 mm Hg

41) Which of the following changes frequently in order to control resistance to blood flow? A) Blood viscosity B) Blood vessel length C) Blood vessel diameter D) All of the above

42) Which of the following is a normal diastolic pressure? A) 10 mm Hg B) 70 mm Hg C) 120 mm Hg D) 200 mm Hg

43) Blood pressure is the product of which of the following? A) Cardiac output and stroke volume B) Cardiac output and resistance C) Stroke volume and heart rate D) Stroke volume and resistance

44) Which of the following plays a role in controlling blood pressure? A) Hormones of the adrenal medulla B) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide C) Anti-diuretic hormone D) All of the above

45) Which of the following occurs upon activation of the Renin Angiotensin System? A) More sodium is excreted B) Less urine is made C) Blood volume decreases D) All of the above

46) Which of the following pieces of apparatus is used to measure blood pressure? A) A spirometer B) A sphygmomanometer C) An electrocardiogram D) All of the above

47) Which of the following is a function of the Lymphatic system? A) Transport of blood back to the heart B) Transport of Carbon Dioxide back to the lungs C) Transport of blood fluids back to the heart D) All of the above

48) Which of the following is a function of lymph nodes? A) Filter out microorganisms B) Filter out debris C) Activate the immune system D) All of the above

49) Which of the following is a function of the spleen? A) Stores platelets B) Stores iron C) Lymphocyte production D) All of the above

50) Which of the following organs is active in childhood but becomes useless towards old age? A) Spleen B) Thymus C) Thyroid D) Liver

51) Which of the following belong to the innate immune system? A) Skin B) T cells C) B cells D) All of the above

52) What is the function of the complement system? A) To destroy pathogenic bacteria B) To activate the Thymus C) To clean the lymph D) All of the above

53) Which of the following produces the highest level of immunoglobulins in the blood? A) No pathogenic infections B) The primary immune response C) The secondary immune response D) Sterilization of the blood

54) Which of the following is not a component of the Respiratory System? A) The Tongue B) The Pharynx C) The Larynx D) The Trachea

55) Voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles that increases intrabdominal pressure is known as…. A) The Heimlich Maneuver B) Valsalvas Maneuver C) Cuniform Maneuver D) None of the above

56) Which of the following is known as the Respiratory Membrane? A) The Alveolar membrane B) The Basal Lamina C) The Capillary membrane D) All of the above

57) What is the function of Surfactant? A) To pull alveolar walls inward B) To interrupt polar forces between water molecules C) To ensure alveoli collapse between breaths D) All of the above

58) Which of the following statements about the Bronchial Circulation is true? A) It is a low volume, high pressure system B) Does not supply blood to the Alveoli C) Blood in the bronchial circulation returns to the heart via the Pulmonary Veins D) All of the above

59) What is the Residual Volume of air in the lungs? A) The volume of air remaining in the lungs that prevents collapse of the alveoli B) The volume that can be forcibly exhaled C) The volume that can be forcibly inhaled D) All of the above

60) What percentage of Hemoglobin in venous blood is saturated with oxygen? A) 10% B) 25% C) 75% D) 100%

61) Which of the following could decrease the amount of oxygen in the alveoli? A) Living at higher altitudes B) Lung disease C) Smoking D) All of the above

62) How is 70% of Carbon Dioxide transported in the blood? A) Dissolved in Plasma B) Bound to Hemoglobin C) In plasma as bicarbonate D) None of the above

63) Which of the following areas of the brain sets the pace of respiration? A) The cerebellum B) The Medulla C) The Pons D) All of the above

64) Which of the following best defines the respiratory role of the pneumotaxic center? A) Prevents lung over inflation B) Fines tunes the breathing rhythm C) Sends inhibitory impulses to the medulla D) All of the above

65) Which of the following exerts the greatest control of the rate of respiration? A) Level of oxygen in the blood B) Level of carbon dioxide in the blood C) Level of sodium in the blood D) Level of calcium in the blood

66) Which of the following is NOT an accessory digestive organ? A) Tongue B) Gall bladder C) Liver D) Kidney

67) What is Peristalsis? A) A form of cellular secretion B) Fluid loss from blood to the tissues C) Alternate waves of muscular contraction and relaxation D) All of the above

68) Which of the following can be found in the Mesentery? A) Blood vessels B) Lymphatics C) Nerves D) All of the above

69) A tissue composed of stratified squamous epithelia is most likely to be….. A) A secretory tissue B) Exposed to friction C) Involved in absorption D) All of the above

70) The flight or flight response is mediated by which system? A) The Parasympathetic B) The Sympathetic C) The Voluntary D) The Myenteric plexus

71) Digestion is mediated by which system? A) The Parasympathetic B) The Sympathetic C) The Voluntary D) The Myenteric plexus

72) Where does digestion of starch begin? A) The Mouth B) The Pharynx C) The Stomach D) The Duodenum

73) Which of the following controls the emptying of the stomach? A) The Cardiac sphincter B) The Fundal sphincter C) The Pyloric sphincter D) The gastric sphincter

74) What is the function of the Oblique layer of the Muscularis Externa? A) Allows for increased churning and mixing of food B) Allows the stomach to expand up to 1 gallon in capacity C) Allows the stomach to shrink D) All of the above

75) Which of the following is secreted by the fundus and body of the stomach? A) Mucus B) Gastrin C) Acid D) All of the above

76) The Sphincter of Oddi controls entry of fluids in to which structure? A) The Duodenum B) The Jejunum C) The Ileum D) All of the above

77) Which of the following regarding the liver is true? A) Produces intestinal Juices B) Divided into five lobes C) Contains Kupffer cells D) All of the above

78) Which of the following is a function of the liver? A) Stores excess glucose B) Stores vitamins C) Detoxifies blood D) All of the above

79) What is the function of the Gallbladder? A) Produces bile B) Stores bile C) Produces enzymes and mucus D) All of the above

80) In what organ are the Islets of Langerhans A) Spleen B) Liver C) Pancreas D) Kidneys

81) What is the major function of the large intestine? A) Digest and absorb protein B) Absorb water C) Churn and mix food D) All of the above

82) Where does bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates occur? A) The stomach B) The Ileum C) The Large Intestine D) All of the above

83) Which of the following functions is performed by the Kidneys? A) Filtration B) Secretion C) Absorption D) All of the above

84) What structure sits on top of the kidneys? A) The adrenal glands B) The thyroid glands C) The kidney glands D) The thymus glands

85) Which structures are found in the Renal Cortex? A) Renal Pelvis B) Loop of Henle C) Glomerulus D) All of the above

86) What is the function of the loop of Henle? A) To dilute the filtrate B) To concentrate the filtrate C) To leave the filtrate unchanged D) To allow oxygen to diffuse into the tissues

87) What is the Vasa Recta? A) A net work of peritubular capillaries B) A group of Glomeruli C) Another name for the Bowman's Capsule D) All of the above

88) Renin released from which of the following cells? A) Macula densa cells B) Juxtaglomerular cells C) Cells of the Distal convoluted tubule D) All of the above

. Which of the following is true? A. Endocrine glands secrete hormones through a duct into the blood stream B. Hormones of endocrine glands initiate new biochemical pathways in cells C. Endocrine glands release nonhormonal products D. The Endocrine system consists of organs and tissue dispersed throughout the body

What is a hormone? A. A molecule with a very specific structure B. A chemical that regulates normal cell metabolism C. A molecule that must enter cells in order to perform its function D. All of the above

91. Which molecule is responsible for the production of cyclic AMP? A. G protein B. Adenylate Cyclase C. GTP D. All of the above

What do the Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary and the Adrenal Medulla have in common? A. They are both true endocrine tissue B. They do not secrete hormones C. They are composed of neural tissue D. All of the above

93. What is the Neurohypophysis? A. The Posterior lobe of the Pituitary gland and the Infundibulum B. The Anterior lobe of the Pituitary gland and the Infundibulum C. The Ventral Hypothalamus and the Infundibulum D. The Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland

94. Which hormones are transported in the Hypothalamic Hypophyseal Tract A. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) B. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) C. Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) D. All of the above

What is a Trophic Hormone? A. A prohormone B. A malfunctioning hormone C. A hormone that regulates the secretory activity of endocrine glands D. A hormone that does not regulate the secretory activity of endocrine glands

96. The release of which of the following hormones is regulated by hypothalamic hormones? A. Growth Hormone (GH) B. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) C. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) D. All of the above

97. Hormones of which gland are primarily released to help the body deal with stress? A. Thyroid B. Thymus C. Adrenal D. Pancreas

98. What is the function of Calcitonin? A. To increase blood calcium B. To decrease blood calcium C. To increase blood sodium D. To decrease blood sodium

99. What is the most important hormone for controlling blood calcium? A. Calcitonin B. Parathyroid Hormone C. Cortisol D. Thyroid Hormone

The Mineralocorticoids are produced by which layer of the Adrenal Cortex? A. Zona Fasiculata B. Zona Glomerulosa C. Zona Reticularis D. Zona Physiologica

101. What cells in the pancreas produce Insulin? A. Alpha Cells B. Beta Cells C. Delta Cells D. Insulin is made in the liver

102. What is the function of Insulin? A. To lower blood glucose B. To breakdown Glycogen C. To make glucose (gluconeogenesis) D. All of the above

103. Which of the following organs/tissue have not yet been shown to secrete hormones? A. Heart B. Adipose C. Lung D. All of the above