Body Structures&Anatomical Positions

Question 1

Anatomical position

Answer 1

Standing up straight
Arms at the side
Face, feet and palms facing forward

Question 2

Body planes

Answer 2

Sagittal plane
Transverse plane
Frontal plane

Question 3

Sagittal plane

Answer 3

Divided the body length wise into right and left sides
Used to illustrate the organs on the head or pelvic cavity

Question 4

Transverse plane

Answer 4

Divides the body horizontally into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
Used to reveal internal organs

Question 5

Frontal plane

Answer 5

Divided the body lengthwise into anterior and posterior portions
Shows the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Question 6

Integumentary system

Answer 6

Consists of skin hair and nails
Function; protection , temperature, regulation , water retention

Question 7

Skeletal system

Answer 7

Bones, cartilage and ligaments
Function; protection of body organs , support, movement and blood formulation

Question 8

Muscular system

Answer 8

Consists of skeletal muscles
Function; movement, posture and heat production

Question 9

Lymphatic system

Answer 9

Consists lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph thymus, spleen and tonsils
Function; role in fluid balance, productions of immune cells; defence against disease

Question 10

Respiratory system

Answer 10

Consists of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Function; Absorption of oxygen , discharge of carbon dioxide;l, acid-base balance, and speech

Question 11

Urinary system

Answer 11

Consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Function: excretion of wastes, regulation of blood volume and pressure and control of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

Question 12

Nervous system

Answer 12

Consists brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs
Function: control regulation, and coordination of other systems, sensation, memory

Question 13

Endocrine system

Answer 13

Consists of pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid and other organs
Function: hormone production, control and regulation of other systems

Question 14

Circulatory system

Answer 14

Consists of heart, arteries, veins and capillaries
Function/ Distribution of oxygen and nutrients , waste, hormones, electrolytes, immune cells and antibodies

Question 15

Digestive system

Answer 15

Consists stomach, small intestine, large intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth and pancreas
Function/ breakdown and absorption of nutrients & eliminates wastes

Question 16

Male reproductive system

Answer 16

Consists testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, and penis
Function: production & delivery of sperm, secretion of sex hormones

Question 17

Female reproductive system

Answer 17

Consists ovaries, Fallopian tube, uterus, vagina and breast
Function; production of eggs, site of fertilization & fetal development; birth; lactation and secretion of sex hormones

Question 18

Medial

Answer 18

Toward the body’s midline

Question 19

Lateral

Answer 19

Away from the body’s midline

Question 20

Distal

Answer 20

Farthest from the point of origin

Question 21

Proximal

Answer 21

Closest to the point of origin

Question 22

Superior

Answer 22

Above

Question 23

Inferior

Answer 23

Below

Question 24

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 24

Towards the front of the body

Question 25

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 25

Toward the back of the body

Question 26

Superficial

Answer 26

At or near the body’s surface

Question 27

Deep

Answer 27

Away from the body’s surface

Question 28

Body cavities Thoracic cavity

Answer 28

Mediastinum Pleural cavity

Question 29

Andominopelvic cavity

Answer 29

Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity

Question 30

Dorsal cavity

Answer 30

Cranial cavity Diaphragm Spinal cavity

Question 31

Ventral cavity

Answer 31

Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity

Question 32

Cranial cavity

Answer 32

Formed by the skull Contains the brain

Question 33

Spinal cavity

Answer 33

Formed by the vertebra Contains the spinal cord

Question 34

Thoracic cavity

Answer 34

Surrounded by the ribs and chest muscles Subdivided into two pleural cavities (each containing a lung) and mediastinum Mediastinum containers heart, large vessel of the heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus

Question 35

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 35

Subdivided into abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity Abdominal contains stomach, insetines, spleen , liver Pelvic contains bladder, reporductive organs and rectum

Question 36

Abdominal regions (9)

Answer 36

Right hypochondriac region Right lumbar region Right iliac region Epigastric region Umbilical region Hypogastric region Left hypochondriac region Left lumbar region Left iliac region

Question 37

Abdominal quadrants

Answer 37

right upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Left upper quadrant Left lower quadrant

Question 38

Homeostasis

Answer 38

The state of dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment of the body

Question 39

Negative feedback

Answer 39

When the effector opposes the stimulus, and reverses the direction of change

Question 40

Positive feeeback

Answer 40

When the effector reinforces the stimulus and amplifies the direction of change