Urinary System

Question 1

Renal cortex

Answer 1

Forms the outer region of the kidney

Question 2

Renal medulla

Answer 2

Forms the inner region of kidney

Question 3

Renal columns

Answer 3

Extensions from the renal cortex , divide the interior region into cone shaped sections

Question 4

Renal pyramid

Answer 4

The cone shaped section
Consisting of tubules for transporting urine away from the cortex

Question 5

Minor calyx

Answer 5

Collects urine leaving the papilla

Question 6

Renal pelvic

Answer 6

Receives urine from the major calyces.

Question 7

Ureter

Answer 7

A tube like structure that channels urine to the urinary bladder

Question 8

Renal artery

Answer 8

Branches off the abdominal aorta
Brings blood to the kidney

Question 9

Renal vein

Answer 9

Blood leaves the kidney through renal vein Which empties into the inferior vena cava

Question 10

Nephron

Answer 10

Filtration unit of kidney

Question 11

Afferent arteiole

Answer 11

Branches of larger arteries that supply blood to one nephron

Question 12

Glomerulus

Answer 12

Cluster of capillaries enclosed by bowmans capsule

Question 13

Efferent arteriole

Answer 13

Vessels that take blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries

Question 14

Pertibulbar capillaries

Answer 14

Pick up water and solutes reabsorbed by the renal tubules

Question 15

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 15

A winding convoluted portion of the renal tubule.
Thousands of microvilli that allows absorption to occur like the inside

Question 16

Loop of henle

Answer 16

U shaped portion of the renal tubule

Question 17

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 17

After returning to the cortex , the ascending limb coils again

Question 18

Collecting duct

Answer 18

Passes into a renal pyramid , where it merges with other collecting ducts to form one tubule.

Question 19

Renin angiotensin- aldosterone system

Answer 19

Helps maintain blood pressure

Question 20

Tubular Reabsorption

Answer 20

Additional chemicals are removed from the filtrate and returned to the blood

Question 21

Tubular secretion

Answer 21

Chemicals are added to the filtrate

Question 22

Hormones that increase blood pressure

Answer 22

ADH- caused water to be reabsorbed
Aldosterone- causes salt and water to be reabsorbed , causes potassium to be excreted

Question 23

Decrease blood pressure

Answer 23

ANP- causes salt and water to be secreted

Question 24

Increases blood calcium levels

Answer 24

PTH(parathyroid hormone)- causes calcium to be reabsorbed and phosphate to be excreted

Question 25

Hypovolemia

Answer 25

Volume depletion that results from blood loss, or when both sodium and water are lost

Question 26

Dehydration

Answer 26

When the body eliminates more water than sodium

Question 27

What role does sodium play in our body

Answer 27

Determines the volume of total body water and influences how water is distributed between fluid compartments
Plays a role in depolarization , which is crucial for a muscle and nerve function

Question 28

What role does potassium play in our body

Answer 28

The main electrolyte of intracellular fluid
Works with sodium for nerve and muscle function

Question 29

What role does calcium play in our body

Answer 29

Strengthens bones
Plays a role in muscle contraction , nerve transmission and blood clotting

Question 30

What role does chloride play in our body

Answer 30

Contributes to the formation of stomach acid
Helps regulate fluid balance and PH

Question 31

What role does phosphate play in our body

Answer 31

Assists with carbohydrate metabolism , bone formation and acid-base balance

Question 32

Acid

Answer 32

Any chemical that releases hydrogen ions

Question 33

Base

Answer 33

Any chemical that accepts hydrogen ions

Question 34

Chemical buffer

Answer 34

Binds to hydrogen ions to remove it from the solution when pH is too high, and releases hydrogen ions when pH is too low

Question 35

Physiological buffer

Answer 35

Uses the respiratory and urinary system to alter the output of acids, bases or carbon dioxide