Bones: Spinal Column and Ribcage Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
A
Coccyx
- small, triangular “tailbone”
2
Q
15
A
linea terminalis
entire circular ridge of the pelvis
3
Q
A
body of rib
- AKA shaft, begins at angle, curves anteriorly
4
Q
the head and tubercle of the rib connect to what facets?
where are these facets?
A
4, costovertebral articular facet and 10, costotransverse articular facet
- on the vertebral body and transverse process, resepectively
5
Q
A
costal groove
- nerves and blood vessels to thoracic wall pass here
6
Q
red arrow
A
head of rib
- articulates with vertebra
7
Q
part between head and tubercle
A
neck of rib
8
Q
5
A
tubercle of rib
- articulates with transverse process of vertebra
9
Q
rib overview
A
- 12 pairs total
- 7 pairs “true” ribs that connect to the sternum via their own cartilages
- 5 pairs “false” ribs attach indirectly (or not at all)
- 2 pairs “floating” ribs don’t attach to sternum at all
10
Q
any of the green area
A
costal cartilage
- connect ribs to sternum
11
Q
14
A
sacral canal
12
Q
10
A
sacral promontory
13
Q
6
A
sacral tuberosity
14
Q
12
A
Ala/ wing
lateral part of the sacrum
15
Q
Whole bone
A
Sacrum
- 5 fused vertebrae
- forms posterior wall of pelvis
16
Q
11
A
anterior sacral foramina
17
Q
A
base of sacrum
18
Q
2
A
dorsal sacral foramina
19
Q
3
A
sacral hiatus
20
Q
7
A
intermediate sacral crest
21
Q
4
A
medial sacral line
22
Q
4
A
Sacral Horns or Cornua
23
Q
green highlighted feature
A
superior articular process of the sacrum
24
Q
13
A
transverse lines or ridges of sacrum
25
4
medial sacral crest
26
sternal angle
- where manubrium and body meet
27
Sternum
- AKA breastbone
know:
* **Manubrium**
* **Body**
* **Xiphoid Process**
* **Jugular Notch**
* **Clavicular Notch**
* **Sternal Angle**
28
body of sternum
29
clavicular notch of sternum\
-articulates w clavicle
30
number 1
**jugular notch of manubrium**
31
**manubrium**
- shaped like knot of necktie
31
xiphoid process
-bottom of sternum, shaped like tongue
32
Typical Thoracic Vertebrae
## Footnote
- costal facets on transverse processes and bodies
- body is round to heart-shaped
- vertebral foramen is circular
- long inferiorly oriented spinous process
- articular facets lie in frontal plane, allowing rotation
- 12 total
33
green
**pedicles of lumbar vertebra**
34
vertebral arch
- made up of pair of pedicles and laminae
35
- green space
vertebral foramen
- space for spinal cord to thread through all vertebrae
35
4
spinous process
36
6
inferior articular process
37
what's this whole bone?
**atlas**
- first cervical vertebra
- aritculates with occipital condyles and dens of axis
39
**axis** vertebra
- second cervical vertebra
- has **dens**, superiorly extending process acts as pivot for rotation of skull
40
red dotted features
costal facets of thoracic vertebrae
- these are the **transverse costal facets** on the transverse processes, the **superior costal facets** lie on the sides of the vertebral body
40
orange
spinous process
42
whole bone
what distinguishes this kind from the other kinds?
**Typical Lumbar Vertebrae**
## Footnote
- thick, oval/kidney-shaped body
- triangular vertebral foramen
- short, flat, hatchet-shaped spinous process points straight back
- articular processes lie in sagittal plane, allowing flexion/extension but little rotation
- 5 total
43
7
**pedicle of thoracic vertebra**
43
2
**posterior tubercle of cervical vertebra**
45
part 1
spinous process
46
7
superior articular facet
47
10
superior articular process
- articulates with inferior articular process of vertebrae above
49
8
superior demifacet
50
yellow
**superior articular process**
51
Dens
- articulates with atlas to allow rotation of head
also called Odontoid Process
52
11
transverse process
53
Typical Cervical Vertebrae (C3-7)
## Footnote
- wide body
- forked spinous process point directly posteriorly
- large, triangular vertebral foramen
- have transverse foramen (for vertebral blood vessels)
- obliquely oriented articular facets allow wide range of neck movement
- 7 total, including atlas and axis
54
12
**superior and inferior demifacets**
**-** articulate with ribs
55
**inferior articular process**
- articulates with superior articular process of vertbrae below
56
pieces between vertebrae
**intervertebral discs**
## Footnote
- pads of fibrocartilage
57
indicated by black arrows
**intervertebral foramen**
- formed by articulation of 2 vertebrae
- passage for spinal nerves
58
3
lamina
59
5
**lamina**
60
purple
**lamina**
61
red
transverse process
62
8
pedicle
63
number 1
**transverse foramen**
- _only in cervical vertebrae_
- vertebral veins/arteries pass through here
64
part 3
transverse process
## Footnote
- in thoracic, have costal facets for rib tubercles
65
1
anterior tubercle
66
kidney shaped portion of left image
Body of Vertebrae
- thick anterior region, weight-bearing
67
What bone is this?
**1st Rib**
- small and flattened compared to others
68
#4 on bone on right
**Groove for Subclavian Artery**
- more lateral groove of the two on the 1st rib
- closer to the head end of the rib
69
#6 on bone on the right
**Groove for the Subclavian Vein**
- more medial of the two grooves on 1st rib
- groove closest to the sternal end of the rib
70
#5 on the bone on the right
**Scalene Tubercle of First Rib**
- attachment for the anterior scalenus muscle
71
What is the bottom bone?
What is the red area on it?
**2nd Rib**
**Tuberosity for the Serratus Anterior Muscle**
72
What's the yellow marked area?
And what kind of vertebra is this?
**Groove for Spinal Nerve**
- typical **cervical vertebrae** have a groove on their transverse processes for spinal nerves
73
What is the blue marked vertebra?
Both its number and its latin name.
What makes it special?
**C7** or **Vertebra Prominens**
- it has a particularly large spinous process and is the most readily palpable vertebra in the neck, marking the transition from cervical to thoracic vertebrae
