Bones: Viscerocranium Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 4 different major skull cavities?
A
- Middle and Inner Ear (lateral aspect of cranial base)
- Nasal Cavity (in and posterior to nose)
- Orbits (house eyeballs)
- Air-filled Sinuses (in some bones around nasal cavity)
1
Q
A
Semilunar hiatus
the gap between the ethmoidal bulla and the
uncinate process
2
Q
A
Ethmoid Bone
- between eyes, part of nasal septum
Know:
- Crista Galli
- Cribiform Plate
- Olfactory Foramina
- Perpendicular Plate
- Orbital Plate
- Superior Nasal Concha
- Middle Nasal Concha
- Ethmoid Sinuses
2
Q
small lateral expansion of the ethmoid bone from the anterior aspect of the crista galli on each side that articulates with the frontal bone and forms the foramen cecum?
A
Ala (wing) of Crista Galli
3
Q
1
A
Cribriform plate
It fits into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and supports the olfactory lobes of the cerebrum, being
pierced with numerous openings for the passage of the olfactory nerves; it contributes to the roof of the
nasal cavity:
3
Q
Part B
A
Crista Galli
- attachment for membranes of brain
4
Q
green part pointed at by the arrow and the pink ones below
A
Middle Nasal Concha of Ethmoid and Inferior Nasal Concha
note superior cocha in pic below, superior nasal concha not visible from anterior view in completely skull.
middle and superior nasal concha are part of ETHMOID bone/cranial skull
inferior nasal conchae are pair of bones extending from maxilla and palatine, and they are considered FACIAL bones
5
Q
9
A
Choana
Means funnel in greek
5
Q
3
A
Ethmoidal bulla
a bulging of the inner wall of the ethmoidal
labyrinth in the middle meatus of the nose
6
Q
6
A
inferior nasal meatus
7
Q
5
A
inferior nasal concha
7
Q
7
A
middle nasal meatus
8
Q
3
A
middle nasal concha
9
Q
8
A
opening to the pharagealtympanic/auditory tube, or “eustachian tube”
this tube connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear, and this is how you can equalize pressure during scuba diving or flying by holding your nose and inflating the nasal cavity, or swallowing or yawning. small amounts of air are allowed to pass through the tube to equalize with the pressure in the atmosphere.
10
Q
11, and it goes where?
A
sphenoethmoidal recess
Goes from above the superior nasal meatus to the sphenoid sinus
10
Q
10
A
Sphenoidal sinus
10
Q
1
A
superior concha
10
Q
2
A
superior nasal meatus
10
Q
Holes in part C
A
Olfactory Foramina
- AKA cribriform foramina, tiny holes to transmit the olfactory nerves
10
Q
4
A
Uncinate process
a sickle-shaped process of bone on the medial
wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth below the middle nasal concha; it joins with the ethmoidal
process of the inferior nasal concha and partly closes the orifice of the maxillary sinus
10
Q
Not just the bone, but the specific part
A
Orbital Plate
- lateral surface of ethmoid, medial wall of orbit
10
Q
Part D
A
Perpendicular Plate
- superior portion of nasal septum
11
Q
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid has three borders: Anterior, posterior, and inferior.
each side interacts with what bones?
A
a. The anterior border articulates with the spine of the frontal bone and the crest of the nasal bones.
b. The posterior border articulates by its upper half with the sphenoidal crest, and the **lower half interacts with the
vomer. **
c. The inferior border is thicker than the posterior, and serves for the attachment of the septal
cartilage of the nose.
12
Q
2
A
ethmoidal air cells
13
#3
**Ethmoidal bulla**
- an outward bulging of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity in the middle nasal meatus
- caused by the bulging of the largest ethmoidal air cell
13
3, 4, 5
superior, middle, and inferior nasal concha
14
6 is what? location?
opening of the nasolacrimal duct to the lacrimal gland
located under the inferior nasal concha
15
7 is what? location?
opening of the maxillary sinus, under the middle nasal concha
16
6
maxillary sinus
17
whole bone
The **hyoid bone** which can be included in the bony skeleton of the skull, is not directly connected to any bone in the body, it is a U-shaped bone lying between the mandible and the larynx, suspended from the styloid process by
ligaments & muscles.
18
3
body of the hyoid
19
1
greater horns of the hyoid
21
**inferior nasal concha** (2, paired)
- lateral wall of nasal cavity, create turbulence in inhaled air
21
2
lesser horns of the hyoid
23
whole bone
**lacrimal bone**
24
1 and 3
1 is **anterior lacrimal crest** (part of maxilla)
3 is **posterior lacrimal crest** (part of lacrimal bone)
25
2
lacrimal fossa
27
nasolacrimal canal/duct
informally called the tear duct
28
entire bone
**Mandible**
29
#3
**Alveolar Part of Mandible**
**-** superior portion of mandibular body containing alveoli for teeth
31
#4
**Alveolar Yokes of Mandible**
- slight outward bulgings of alveoli around the anterior rim of each alveolar socket
32
#13
**articular surface of condylar process**
33
Body of Mandible
- horizontal part
34
**Condylar Process of Mandible**
- articulates w mandibular fossa of temporal bone
35
Coronoid Process of Mandible
- anterior projection of ramus, insertion for temporalis (mouth closing) muscle
35
#25
**Digastric Fossae**
**-** two fossae below and to either side of the mental spine that serve as insertions for the digastric muscles
36
#23
**Interalveolar Septa**
**-** bony partitions separating tooth sockets
38
#8
**Mandibular Angle**
- body merges with ramus here
38
#17
**Lingula of Mandible**
- delicate spur of bone partially covering opening of mandibular foramen
40
**Mandibular Notch**
- btwn condylar and coronoid processes
40
#16
**Mandibular Foramen**
**-** entrance to _mandibular canal_
41
#15
**Masseteric Tuberosity**
- roughened area for insertion of masseter muscle
42
**Mental Foramen of mandible**
- hole in anterior mandible, nerves + blood to lower lips
43
#5
**Mental Protuberance of Mandible**
- in midline of body of mandible, forwardmost point
- AKA the chin
43
#24
**Mental Spine**
**-** small projection of bone on midline of posterior aspect of mandible
- muscle connection
divided into two parts, the inferior **genioglossus** and superior **geniohyoid**
44
#18
**Mylohyoid Groove** of Mandible
- runs obliquely downward from mandibular foramen
45
#20
**Mylohyoid Line**
**-** oblique ridge dividing medial surface of body of mandible
- mylohyoid muscle originates here
46
#12
**Neck of Condylar Process**
47
#7
**Oblique Line of the Mandible**
- ascends from body to ramus
48
#14
**Pterygoid Fovea of Mandible**
- for insertion of part of lat. pterygoid muscle
49
#19
**Pterygoid Tuberosity** of Mandible
- serves as attachment for medial pterygoid muscle
- on medial surface of mandible below mandibular notch at the angle between body and ramus
50
ramus of mandible
- vertical/oblique, posterior part
52
#21
**Submandibular Fossa**
- fossa below mylohyoid line on medial surface of mandible's body
52
#22
**Sublingual Fossa**
- fossa above mylohyoid line and toward anterior of medial surface of mandibular body
54
mandibular foramen
- medial surface of ramus, blood + nerves for lower teeth pass through here
56
entire bone
**Maxilla** (2, paired)
- upper jaw bone
56
#21
**alveolar process & teeth**
\_
alveolar process is the projecting ridge on the inferior surface of the body of the maxilla containing the tooth sockets. the processes of the two sides fuses into the **maxillary alveolar arch**
58
sockets where teeth fit into maxilla/mandible
alveoli
59
#30
anterior nasal spine of maxilla
60
#20
(more general region of the bone than any specific point)
**body of maxilla**
\_
inferior to the orbit
somewhat pyramidal in shape (with four triangle-shaped sides), and contains a large cavity, the maxillary sinus or antrum of Highmore
62
#15
**canine fossa**
\_
it's above the canines/"fangs"
larger and deeper than the incisive fossa
63
What is the colored area?
**frontal or nasal process of maxilla**
\_
The upward extension from the body of the maxilla, which articulates with the frontal bone and forms the most anterior portion of the medial wall of the orbit
64
#22
incisive canal
\_
A “Y” shaped passage which connects the two halves of the nasal cavity with the bony palate and leads to the oral cavity
66
#32
**incisive fossa**
\_
the depression in the midline of the bony palate behind the central incisors into which the incisive canals open
66
#11
**incisive suture**
68
#29
Where does it come from? Where does it go?
**infra-orbital canal of maxilla**
\_
Infraorbital groove → _Infraorbital canal_ → Infraorbital foramen = Alveolar canals
70
#17
site of entry for the probe
**infraorbital foramen of the maxilla**
\_
(starting interiorly) Infraorbital groove → Infraorbital canal → _Infraorbital foramen_ = Alveolar canals
Forming the exterior end of the infraorbital canal, the infraorbital foramen communicates with the infraorbital groove, the canal's opening on the interior side.
- allows passage for the infraorbital artery, vein, and nerve
71
What is the indicated feature?
What bone is it on? Where come from and where does it lead?
**infraorbital groove of maxilla**
\_
Inferior orbital fissure → _Infraorbital groove_ → Infraorbital canal → Infraorbital foramen = Alveolar canals
(in lateral view of detached maxilla below, indicated by #23)
72
#46
infra-orbital margin of the maxilla
the part of maxilla that makes up rim of the orbit
73
#23
**Juga alveolaria**
AKA **Alveolar Yokes**
**-** elevations formed by roots of teeth
74
#45
lacrimal groove of maxilla
\_
the groove together with the lacrimal bone, forms the fossa for the lacrimal sac
76
#2
**lacrimal groove**
- deep groove on nasal surface of maxillar body
- accommodates nasolacrimal duct which carries tears from the lacrimal sac to nasal cavity
77
#24
**maxillary hiatus**
- leads to maxillary sinus
78
#15
**nasolacrimal canal of maxilla**
\_
connects the orbital cavity with the inferior nasal meatus
79
#21
orbital surface of maxilla (also called superior surface)
\_
A smooth and triangular surface that forms the largest (anterior) part of the floor of the orbit. Medially, it connects with the lacrimal bone, the lamina papyracea of the ethmoid and posteriorly the orbital process of the palatine
80
#26
**palatine process of maxilla**
\_
The medially directed shelves from the maxillae that, with the horizontal plate of the palatine bone and the premaxilla, form the bony palate
82
#19
maxillary tuberosity with alveolar foramina
\_
alveolar foramina are openings of the posterior dental canals
\_
tuberosity is especially prominent after the growth of the wisdom tooth; it is rough on its lateral side for articulation with the pyramidal process of the palatine bone and in some cases articulates with the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid.
82
#1
pterygomaxillary fissure
\_
the narrow gap between the lateral pterygoid plate and the infratemporal surface of the maxilla through which the infratemporal fossa communicates with the pterygopalatine fossa
84
#18
zygomatic process of maxilla
\_
The rough projection from the maxilla that connects with the zygomatic bone
85
4
incisive foramen
86
entire bone
**Nasal Bone** (2, paired)
87
red area and interconnecting suture
the nasal bones connected by the internasal suture
88
#5
just posterior to bony palate
**Choana** or **Posterior Nasal Aperature**
- opening between nasal cavity and nasopharynx split into two choanae by vomer
- bounded anteroinferiorly by palatine bone, superoposteriorly by sphenoid and laterally by medial pterygoid plate
89
1
anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina
arrows
90
7
infraorbital groove
92
5
lacrimal bone
93
3
frontal maxillary suture
94
6
orbital process of patatine bone
95
2
lamina papyracea, or paper thin plate of the ethmoid
97
8 and 9
review\*
8 is the inferior orbital fissure
9 is the orbital face of the zygomatic bone
97
10 and smaller green branch in the back of the orbital?
10 is part of the greater wing of the sphenoid, the other green is the lesser wing of the sphenoid and the orbital canal (hole)
99
inferior orbital fissure
horizontal crevice where as the pterygomaxillary fissure is verticle
100
What is the indicated feature and what bones border it?
**inferior orbital fissure**
- junction of _maxilla, sphenoid, zygomatic_
- serves as a nerve passage
101
Palatine Bone
- posterior part of hard palate
know: **horizontal process/plate**
102
**choanae**
known as posterior nares or posterior opening of the nasal cavity
104
3
Conchal crest of palatine bone
bony ridge that articulates with, or provides
attachment for, the inferior nasal concha
105
9
Greater palatine foramen and canal
106
5 and 7
**Median and transverse palatine sutures**
107
3
**Posterior nasal spine**
108
2
Pyramidal process
the portion of the palatine bone passing lateral
and posterior from the angle formed by the vertical and horizontal plates
109
portion of palatine bone that makes up posterior hard palate
horizontal process of palatine bone
111
#1
**lesser palatine foramen and canal**
111
What is this central feature called at the anterior end of bony palate? And at the posterior end?
Anteriorly - **intermaxillary suture**
Posteriorly - **medial palatine suture**
113
1
orbital process
113
5
nasal crest
115
2 and 4
2 is the perpendicular plate making up the lateral side walls of the nasal cavity
4 is the horizontal plate making the back of the hard palate
116
Palatine Process of Maxilla
- anterior part of hard palate
117
Paranasal Sinues
Four Sets:
* **Frontal (inferior medial forehead)**
* **Maxillary (just medial to nose)**
* **Ethmoid air cells (between eyes and deeper)**
* **Sphenoid (just deep to ethmoid sinuses)**
118
large pyramidal sinus just lateral to nose, largest of paranasal sinuses
(no good pics...?)
**maxillary sinus**
**also called Highmore Sinus/ antrum of Highmore**
119
Vomer
- lower part of nasal septum, connected to the perpendicular plate
120
**Zygomatic Arch**
- formed by temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone
121
Zygomatic Bone
- cheekbone, also part of orbits
know: **temporal process, zygomatic arch**
122
3
zygomaticofacial foramen
123
1
zygomatico-orbital foramen
turns into a Y shaped canal that lead to the zygomatico-temporal foramen (blue line) AND the zygomatico-facial foramen (green)
124
zygomaticotemporal foramen
125
green area is? (surface)
Malar or lateral surface
127
blue area (surface)
Orbital surface
contributes to the anterolateral wall of the orbit, and articulates posteriorly with the greater
wing of sphenoid
128
**temporal process of zygomatic bone**
- articulates w/ temporal bone
129
red area as well as the medial surface is called?
Temporal surface
directed posteriorly & medially. The upper part forms the anterior boundary of the
temporal fossa, while the lower part forms the anterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa.
130
What is #30? What two areas does it connect?
**Sphenopalatine Foramen**
- connects pterygopalatine fossa to superior nasal meatus of nasal cavity
131
#4
the entire complex of cavities and their walls
**Ethmoidal Labyrinth**
132
#2
each of the cavities
**Ethmoidal Air Cell**
133
What are the 4 processes of the maxilla?
1. **frontal**
2. **zygomatic**
3. **alveolar**
4. **palatine**
134
What are the four facets of the maxilla?
1. **infratemporal** (lateral, contains maxillary tuberosity)
2. **anterior **(on front of face, contains canine fossa)
3. **orbital **(on inferomedial wall of orbit)
4. **nasal **(lateral wall of nasal cavity)
135
What do the question marks indicate?
With part of the sphenoid what does it form?
And what does this formed structure connect?
**Sphenopalatine Notch**
forms the **Sphenopalatine Foramen**
which connects the **Pterygopalatine Fossa to the Nasal Cavity**
136
What is the latin name for the wide anterior opening of the orbit?
