Muscles: Lower Limb Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
1
A
1 Iliolumbar ligament
2
Q
6
A
6 Inguinal ligament
3
Q
7
A
7 Sacrospinous ligament
4
Q
8 (bone structure)
A
8 Greater trochanter
5
Q
9
A
9 Iliofemoral ligament (vertical band)
6
Q
12
A
Iliolumbar and ventral sacro-iliac
ligaments
7
Q
15
A
15 Iliofemoral ligament (horizontal band)
8
Q
16
(it’s the hole)
A
16 Obturator canal
9
Q
17
A
17 Obturator membrane
10
Q
18
A
18 Greater sciatic foramen
11
Q
19
A
19 Sacrospinous ligament
base at sacrum to the apex at ischial spine
12
Q
20
A
20 Sacrotuberous ligament
from sacrum to ischial tuberosity
13
Q
21
A
21 Lesser sciatic foramen
14
Q
23
A
23 Ischiofemoral ligament
15
Q
27
A
27 Dorsal sacro-iliac ligaments
16
Q
28
A
28 Coccyx with superficial dorsal
sacrococcygeal ligament
17
Q
A
ligament of the head of the femur that connects within the acetabular fossa
Intracaspular ligament which is actually
a Synovial fold containing a small artery to the head of femur. Have a
wide end that attaches to the transverse Acetabular ligament and a narrow
end that attaches to the fovea for ligament of the head of femur.
18
Q
1
A
Zona orbicularis
a ligament on the neck of the femur formed by the circular fibers of the articular capsule of the hip joint
19
Q
35
A
35 Pubofemoral ligament
20
Q
A
acetabular labrum
21
Q
(SKIP UNTIL FIXED)
The lower extremity has ____ total muscles.
They can be divided according to location, function, or innervation.
A
22
Q
3
A
5 below
Iliopsoas muscle
combination of Psoas major and Iliacus
surrounded by illiac fascia and inserts on lesser trochanter
• Flexes thigh at hip
• Flexes vertebral
column
Lumbar Plexus
(L1-L3)
23
Q
5
A
21 below
Tensor fasciae latae muscle
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine, Iliac crest
Insertion: Iliotibial tract
• Flexes thigh at hip
• Abducts thigh
• Rotates thigh
medially
Superior Gluteal nerve
(L5-S1)
24
Q
6
A
Sartorius muscle
O:Anterior superior, iliac spine
I: Medial tibia
• Flexes thigh at hip
• Rotates thigh
laterally
• Flexes leg at knee
12 below
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
25
7
**Rectus femoris muscle**
part of the quadriceps
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
* Extends leg at knee
* Flexes thigh at hip
1 below
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
26
8
**Iliotibial tract** -fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata
originates at the anterior portion of the external lip of the iliac crest
inserts at the lateral condyle of the tibia/Gerdy's tubercle
extend, abduct, and laterally rotate the hip. contributes to lateral knee stabilization
27
9
**Vastus lateralis muscle**
part of quadriceps
O:Greater trochanter of the femur, Intertrochanteric line, Linea aspera of femur
I:Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
* Extends leg at knee
* Stabilizes knee
7
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
28
15
**Pectineus muscle**
O: Superior ramus of pubis
I: Linea aspera of femur
• Adducts thigh
• Flexes thigh at hip
• Rotates thigh
medially
19
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
29
16
**Adductor longus muscle**
O: Pubis – near pubic symphysis
I: Linea aspera of femur
• Adducts thigh
• Flexes thigh at hip
• Rotates thigh
medially
17
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
30
17
**Gracilis muscle**
O: Inferior ramus of pubis, Body of the pubis
I: Medial surface of tibia
* Adducts thigh
* Flexes leg at knee
* Rotates leg medially
16
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
31
18
**Vastus medialis muscle**
part of quadriceps
O: Linea aspera of femur, Intertrochanteric line
I:Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
* Extends leg at knee
* Stabilizes patella
5
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
32
20
**Adductor brevis muscle**
O: Inferior ramus of pubis
I: Linea aspera of femur
* Adducts thigh
* Rotates thigh medially
18
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
33
#2
**Vastus intermedius muscle**
part of the quadriceps
I: Shaft of the femur
O: Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
• Extends leg at knee
3
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
34
29, 30, and 31 are the ?
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
adductor canal
these blood vessels and this nerve run medially between the vastus medialis, sartorius, and adductor longus
35
There are __ adductors
7 adductors
gracilis, pectineus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, adductor minimus, adductor longus, quadratus femoris
36
5
**Obturator externus muscle**
O:External surface of Obturator membrane and surrounding bone
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur
lateral rotator of the hip joint
9
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
37
3
posterior view
**Piriformis muscle**
O: Lateral surface of sacrum
I: Greater trochanter of femur
• Rotates thigh
laterally when hip is
extended
10
Sacral plexus
(L5-S2)
38
13
**Superior gemellus muscle**
part of triceps coxae with the inferior gamellus and oberator internus.
O: ischial spine
I: trochanteric fossa
they assist obterator instenus and Both muscles also help to laterally rotate the extended thigh and abduct the flexed thigh at the hip.
3
Sacral plexus (L5 - S2)
39
14
**Obturator internus muscle**
O:inner surface of the os coxae and from the obturator membrane
I: passes through lesser sciatic foramen and inserts into the trochanteric fossa
lateral rotation of the hip joint.
in sitting position, it acts as an abductor
1
Nerve to Obturator internus
(L5-S1)
40
15
**Inferior gemellus muscle**
part of triceps coxae with the superior gamellus and oberator internus.
O: ischial tuberosity
I: trochanteric fossa
they assist obterator instenus and Both muscles also help to laterally rotate the extended thigh and abduct the flexed thigh at the hip.
5
Sacral plexus (L5 - S2)
41
19
**Quadratus femoris muscle**
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest of the femur
• Rotates thigh laterally
adductor of thigh
Sacral plexus
(L5-S1)
42
6
**Semitendinosus muscle**
o: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial tibial surface, joins the pes anserinus superficialis
• Extends thigh at hip joint
• Flexes knee
• Rotates leg
medially
4
Tibial nerve
(L5-S2)
43
22
11 Semimembranosus muscle
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia
• Extends thigh at hip
• Flexes leg at knee
• Rotates leg
medially
Tibial nerve
(L5-S2)
44
17
2 and 5 Biceps femoris muscle
2 LONG HEAD: medial
O: Ischial tuberosity
Long head: Tibial nerve
(L5-S2)
5 SHORT HEAD : lateral
O: Linea aspera
Short head: common Peroneal nerve
(S1-S2)
Both combine to create biceps femoris and insert at the head of the fibula.
- Extends thigh at hip
• Flexes leg at knee
• Rotates leg laterally
45
5
4 Adductor magnus muscle
## Footnote
2 parts:
O: 9 Muscular (adductor) part: - Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of Ischium.
I: Medial lip of Linea Aspera and supra condylar line,
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
O: 11 Tendinous (Hamstring) part: - Ischial inferior ramus
I:Adductor tubercle of femur.
Hamstring part receives from Tibial nerve
(L4-L5)
Adduction of hip (both portions) flexion of hip (adductor portion) extension of hip (hamstring portion)
46
10
Gluteus Maximus
- Superficial fibers - Iliac crest, PSIS, Thoracolumbar fascia, sacrum and coccyx.
- Deep fibers -- Wing of Ilium behind Post. Gluteal line and sacrotuberal ligament.
I: Gluteal tuberosity and Iliotibial tract.
Inferior Gluteal nerve
(L5-S2)
External rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through theiliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting and abduction of the hip
47
8
13 Gluteus Medius
- Wing of ilium between Ant. and Post. Gluteal lines and iliac crest.
- Greater Trochanter (lat. surface)
Superior Gluteal nerve
(L5-S1)
abduction of the hip; preventingadduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.
48
Gluteus Minimius
- Wing of ilium between Ant. and Inf. Gluteal lines.
- Greater Trochanter (ant. surface)
Superior Gluteal nerve
(L5-S1)
Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.
49
26
1 Psoas major muscle
or superficial part of psoas
- Lateral surfaces of T12-L5 vertebrae and IV disks & costal processes of L1-L5.
- Lesser Trochanter of femur.(after Iliacus inserts on tendon of Psoas major)
Flexion in the hip joint
Lumbar Plexus
(L1-L3)
50
25
it's pointing to the smaller strip of muscle over the larger muscle.
NOT necessarily present, exists in around 50% of population and very insignificant
**Psoas Minor**
- Lateral surfaces of T12- L1 and IV disk.
- Iliopubic eminence, Pectineal line
Weak trunk flexor
Lumbar Plexus
(L1-L3)
51
21
4 Iliacus
- Iliac fossa & crest of sacrum.
- Lesser Trochanter of femur. (after Iliacus inserts on tendon of Psoas major)
flexes and rotates laterally thigh
Lumbar Plexus
(L1-L3)
52
13
14 Adductor Minimus
## Footnote
- Inferior ramus of pubis
- Medial lip of Linea Aspera
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
Adduction and lateral rotation of thigh
53
3
R leg popliteal fossa
Semimembranosus
I: Ischial tuberosity
O: Pes Anserinus Porfundus, ( as medial Tibial condyle, fascia of popliteus and oblique Popliteal ligament)
Extension of hip and flexion ofknee
Tibial nerve
(L5-S2)
54
1
R leg popliteal fossa
Semitendinosus muscle
I: Ischial tuberosity
O: Pes Anserinus Superficialis, medial surface of tibia
Flexion of knee, extension of the hip joint
55
5 and 14
Gastrocnemius, part of the triceps surae
- Medial head- Medial femoral condyle
- Lateral head- Lateral femoral condyle
I: Calcaneal tendon of Achilles on calcaneal tuberosity
Tibial nerve
(S1-S2)
plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
56
7
7 Calcaneal or Achilles tendon. (tuber calcanei)
57
15
1 Soleus
- Head and upper 1/3 of fibula & Soleal line of tibia (Tendinous arch)
- Calcaneal tendon of Achilles on calcaneal tuberosity
Tibial nerve
(S1-S2)
plantarflexion
58
12
3 Plantaris
- Oblique Popliteal ligament, lateral femoral condyle
- Calcaneal tendon of Achilles on calcaneal tuberosity
Tibial nerve
(S1-S2)
Plantar flexes foot and flexesknee
59
20
6 Popliteus
## Footnote
- Lateral femoral epicondyle
- Posterior Tibial surface
Tibial nerve
(L4-S1)
Medial rotation and flexion of knee
60
5 and 14
11 lateral and 9 medial head of the gastrocnemius
61
10
1 Tibialis Posterior (TP)
O: Interossious membrane and adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula
Insertion:
- Thicker medial insertion: part on tuberosity of Navicular bone
- Weaker lateral insertion: part on 3 cuneiform bones
Tibial nerve
(L4-S1)
Inversion of the foot and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle
62
3
15 Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL)
- Posterior surface of tibia
- Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd – 5th toes
Tibial nerve
(L4-S1)
Primary action is Flex digits
63
11
9 Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL)
- Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interossious membrane
- Base of distal phalanx of great toe
Tibial nerve
(L4-S1)
flexes all joints of the big toe,plantar flexion of the ankle joint
64
6
3 Peroneus Brevis
- Lateral surface of Fibula (Inferior 2/3)
- Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
Superficial Peroneal nerve
(L5-S1)
Plantarflexion, eversion
65
5
1 Peroneus Longus
- Head of fibula, superior 2/3 of fibula
- Tuberosity of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform (Crosses foot)
Superficial Peroneal nerve
(L5-S1)
plantarflexion, eversion, supportarches
66
4, repeat
13 Soleus muscle
67
16
Medial head of gastrocnemius muscle
## Footnote
O: Medial head- Medial femoral condyle
O: Lateral head- Lateral femoral condyle
-Calcaneal tendon of Achilles on calcaneal tuberosity
Tibial nerve
(S1-S2)
plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
68
4
1 Tibialis Anterior (TA)
- Lateral surface of tibia & interossious membrane
- Plantar surface of Medial Cuneiform bone & Base of 1st metatarsal
Deep Peroneal nerve (L4-S1)
Dorsiflexion and Inversion of the foot
69
10
Extensor Digitorum Brevis (EDB)
O: Calcaneus, near calcaneal sulcus
I: Dorsal aponeurosis of 2nd – 4th digits
Deep Peroneal nerve (S1-S2)
70
12
**Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL)**
- Medial surface of fibula & interossious membrane
- Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Deep Peroneal nerve (S1-S2)
Extends the big toe and assists in dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle. Also is a weak evertor/ invertor
71
8
Peroneus Tertius
\*\*\*\* additional tendon of extensor digitorum longus which is not always present.
- distal third part of fibula & interossious membrane or from EDL
- Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
Deep Peroneal nerve (L4-S1)
Pronantor and abductor of the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints
72
4
4 Femoral artery
73
7
**Patellar ligament**
**7**
74
12
12 Aponeurosis of external abdominal
oblique muscle
75
14
males only
**Spermatic cord**
13
76
14
14 Femoral vein
77
17 and 18
17 Adductor hiatus
18 Vasto-adductor membrane
78
27
27 Iliopectineal arch
79
33
33 Sciatic nerve
80
35
35 Great saphenous vein
81
36
36 Femoral artery
82
37
37 Femoral vein
83
41
41 Septum between semitendinosus
and semimembranosus muscles
84
total review
5 Adductor magnus muscle
6 Semitendinosus muscle
21 Sartorius muscle
29 Rectus femoris muscle
30 Vastus medialis muscle
31 Vastus intermedius muscle
32 Vastus lateralis muscle
33 Sciatic nerve
34 Gluteus maximus muscle (insertion)
35 Great saphenous vein
36 Femoral artery
37 Femoral vein
38 Adductor longus muscle
39 Femur
40 Gracilis muscle
41 Septum between semitendinosus
and semimembranosus muscles
85
24
24 Tibial nerve
86
26
26 Common peroneal nerve
87
18
18 Popliteal fossa
88
19
19 Tibial nerve and posterior tibial
artery
89
3
3 Patellar ligament
90
6, 3 tendons from anterior to posterior
6 Tendons of deep flexor muscles
from anterior to posterior:
1. tibialis posterior;
2. flexor digitorum longus;
3. flexor hallucis longus muscles
91
7
7 Flexor retinaculum
92
8
8 Tendon of tibialis anterior muscle
93
13
13 Tendon of gracilis muscle
94
14
14 Tendon of semitendinosus muscle
95
15
15 Common tendon of gracilis,
semitendinosus, and sartorius muscles
(pes anserinus)
96
18
18 Calcaneal or Achilles tendon
97
19
19 Calcaneus muscle
98
17
17 Superior extensor retinaculum
99
18
18 Inferior extensor retinaculum
100
19
19 Tendon of extensor hallucis longus
muscle
101
20
20 Tendons of extensor digitorum
longus muscle
102
15
15 Crossing of tendons in sole
103
16
16 Quadratus plantae muscle
O: Medial & Lateral margin of plantar surface of Calcaneus
I: Lateral margins of tendons of FDL
Lateral plantar
nerve (L5-S2)
104
17
17 Tendons of flexor digitorum
longus muscle
105
18
18 Tendon of tibialis anterior muscle
106
19
19 Area of insertion of tibialis
posterior muscle
107
20
20 Lumbrical muscles
108
5
**Extensor digitorum longus muscle**
- Lateral condyle of tibia, head and superior 3/4 of medial surface of fibula and interossious membrane
- Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd – 5th digits (toes)
extension of toes and dorsiflexion of ankle
109
