Bones: Lower Limb Flashcards
1
Q
green highlighted posterior, proximal region
A
Intertrochanteric Crest
- posterior ridge from greater to lesser trochanter
2
Q
A
femur
- proximal bone of leg, longest/largest in body, articulates above w/ acetabulum and below w/ tibia
know:
- head
- neck
- greater trochanter
- lesser trochanter
- medial condyle
- lateral condyle
- medial epicondyle
- lateral epicondyle
- line aspera
3
Q
A
adductor tubercle
- an elevation on the medial epicondyle of the femur
4
Q
big red part D
A
anterior surface of femur
5
Q
1
A
Fovea for ligament of Head of Femur
6
Q
B
A
Gluteal Tuberosity
- attachment for gluteus maximus
- often elongated proximally into roughened crest with tubercle known as “third trochanter”
7
Q
A
greater trochanter
- muscle attachment
8
Q
A
head of femur
9
Q
A
Intercondylar Fossa of Femur
10
Q
Posterior view of distal femur
A
Intercondylar Line
11
Q
green circled structure
A
intertrochanteric line
- marks transition from neck to shaft
12
Q
A
lateral condyle of femur
13
Q
A
lateral epicondyle of femur
14
Q
A
lesser trochanter
15
Q
A
linea aspera
- posterior ridge for muscle attachment
- splits proximally into its medial and lateral lips
- extends distally into the medial and lateral supracondylar lines
16
Q
A
medial condyle of femur
- on medial side of articular notch at distal end
17
Q
A
medial epicondyle of femur
18
Q
A
neck of femur
19
Q
A
patellar surface
20
Q
feature marked by red box
A
Pectineal Line
- distal coninuation of lesser trochanter
- attachment for pectineus muscle
21
Q
from where (what bone marking) does this tendon originate?
A
popliteal groove of femur
- groove that separates lateral condyle and epicondyle
22
Q
A
Popliteal Surface of Femur
- the “kneepit”
23
Q
A
Quadrate Tubercle of Femur
- between trochanters on posterior side
- attachment for quadratus femoris
24
Q
A
shaft of femur
25
A
Supracondylar Lines of Femur
- one medial, one lateral
- join proximally to form linea aspera
26
trochanteric fossa
27
What is the bone?
What are its surfaces and borders to know?
**fibula**
## Footnote
- lateral bone of lower leg
- thinnest bone proportional to length
**_Lateral and Medial Surfaces_**, separated by **_anterior border**_ (somewhat more lateral and flatter) and _**interosseous border_** (more medial ridge-like border for connection of interosseous membrane).
28
tiny blue highlighted portion at very superior tip of the lateral bone
**apex of fibula**
29
#3
**Articular Facet of Lateral Malleolus**
30
#10
**Fossa of Lateral Malleolus**
**-** talo- and tibiofibular ligaments attach here
31
head of fibula
## Footnote
- proximal end of fibula
32
number 5
lateral malleolus
- lateral prominence of ankle
33
blue portion
**neck of fibula**
34
What line do the two small arrows indicate?
**Chopart's Line**
- a common amputation line between the talus/calcaneus and the rest of the tarsals
35
What line does the red indicate?
**Lisfranc's Line**
- an important amputation line between the tarsals and meta-tarsals
36
A, M and P
**Anterior, Middle and Posterior Talar Articular Surfaces of the Calcaneus**
- all face superiorly and articulate with talus
37
**Calcaneal Tuberosity**
- faces posteriorly and is the bony portion of the heel
38
25
**cuboid bone**
- articulates w/ "pinky and ring" metatarsals IV and V
39
9
position of **cuneonavicular joint**
40
the anterior portion of the bone indicated by the arrow, which contains articular surfaces for the navicular tarsal
**head of talus**
41
8
**intermediate cuniform bone**
articulates with metatarsal II
42
23
**lateral cuniform bone**
articulates w/ metatarsal III
43
29
**lateral malleolar surface of the talus**
44
7
**medial cuneiform bone**
**-** articulates with metatarsal I
45
10
navicular bone
46
green area
neck of talus
47
phalanges of foot
## Footnote
- 14 each foot (2 for big toe, 3 for others), 28 total
- distal, middle, and proximal
48
15
its overall name and its parts
**posterior talar process**
- has _medial and lateral tubercles_ and a _groove for the tendon of flexor hallucis longus_
49
C
**Sustentaculum Tali** of Calcaneus
- anterosuperior eminence on medial side of calcaneus
50
What is the space between these bones, circled here in red?
**tarsal sinus**
51
What are all these bones individually? And what do they make up as a whole?
**tarsals** (7 each ankle, 14 total)
## Footnote
- make up the **tarsus**
52
**calcaneus**
- largest tarsal, contains the "heel"
53
metatarsals
- numbered **I through V**, most medial is I
54
talus
## Footnote
- smaller than calcaneus
55
What tarsal articular surface do these arrows indicate the complex nature of?
**Trochlea of Talus**
56
24
tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
57
patella
- thick flat triangular "kneecap"
- increases quadriceps leverage
know:
* **base**
* **apex**
* **articular facets**
58
1
apex of patella
(view is POSTERIOR and INVERTED, RIGHT patella. base is proximal and apex is distal)
59
4
base of patella
(view is POSTERIOR and INVERTED, RIGHT patella. base is proximal and apex is distal)
60
3
facet for articulation with lateral femoral condyle
(view is POSTERIOR and INVERTED, RIGHT patella. base is proximal and apex is distal)
61
2
facet for articulation with medial femoral condyle
(view is POSTERIOR and INVERTED, RIGHT patella. base is proximal and apex is distal)
62
#18
Acetabular Fossa
63
Right Hip Bone
#19/Red Arrow
Acetabular Notch
64
acetabulum
- socket for articulation with head of femur
- formed by meeting of lateral faces of ilium, ischium and pubis
65
red arrow
anterior superior iliac spine
66
11
lateral aspect right hip bone
anterior gluteal line
67
anterior inferior iliac spine
68
24
medial aspect right hip bone
arcuate line of pelvis
69
**auricular surface**
70
13
lateral aspect right hip bone
external lip of iliac crest
71
general reference inferior portion
right hip bone lateral aspect
B = ischium
C = pubis
1 Posterior superior iliac spine
2 Posterior gluteal line
3 Posterior inferior iliac spine
4 Greater sciatic notch
5 Ischial spine
6 Lesser sciatic notch
7 Body of ischium
8 Ischial tuberosity
9 Obturator foramen
15 Inferior gluteal line
16 Anterior inferior iliac spine
17 Lunate surface of acetabulum
18 Acetabular fossa
19 Acetabular notch
20 Pecten pubis
21 Pubic tubercle
22 Body of pubis
72
general reference superior portion
lateral view right hip bone
A = ilium
1 Posterior superior iliac spine
2 Posterior gluteal line
3 Posterior inferior iliac spine
4 Greater sciatic notch
10 Iliac crest
11 Anterior gluteal line
12 Internal lip of iliac crest
13 External lip of iliac crest
14 Anterior superior iliac spine
15 Inferior gluteal line
16 Anterior inferior iliac spine
17 Lunate surface of acetabulum
18 Acetabular fossa
73
greater sciatic notch
74
the whole ridge along the top of the pelvis
**iliac crest**
75
iliac fossa
76
25
medial aspect right pelvis
iliopubic eminence
77
**Ilium**
## Footnote
- dorsal superior section of os coxa
78
inferior ramus of pubis
- forms medial, inferior portion of obturator foramen
79
15
lateral aspect right hip bone
inferior gluteal line
80
12
medial view right hipbone
internal lip of iliac crest
(lateral view)
81
ischial spine
- bony process just below greater sciatic notch
82
**ischial tuberosity**
83
grey part #3
**ischium**
- dorsal posterior portion of os coxa
84
lesser sciatic notch
85
#17
Lunate Surface (of acetabulum)
86
opening indicated by small pointer at bottom of picture
**obturator foramen**
- large foramen btwn ischium and pubis
87
34
obturator groove
88
#20
**pecten pubis**
AKA **pectinate line**
89
posterior inferior iliac spine
90
posterior superior iliac spine
91
part E
pubic symphysis
- fibrocartilagenous joint between left and right superior pubic rami
92
#21
pubic tubercle
93
pubis
## Footnote
- ventral, inferior portion of os coxa
94
ramus of ischium
95
superior ramus of pubis
- forms anterosuperior aspect of obturator foramen
96
26
symphysial surface of pubis
97
what should the angle of the pelvis be, between plane of pelvic inlet and the horizontal plane?
also called PELVIC INCLINATION
should be ~60 degrees
(horizontal plane begins where plane of pelvic inlet ends at junction between Lumbar and Sacral Spine)
98
#10
**Body of the Ilium**
99
#14
**Body of Ischium**
99
#14
What is the area?
**Body of Pubis**
100
What is this area of the ilium?
**Gluteal Surface**
102
green area
**Limbus (or Margin) of Acetabulum**
103
male vs. female pelvis
Male
* \< 90 degree pubic angle
* large oval obturator foramen
* vertical coccyx
* larger, ateriorly directed acetabulum
Female
* usually \>100 degree pubic angle
* small triangular obturator foramen
* posteriorly tilted coccyx
* smaller, laterally directed acetabulum
104
#3
**Posterior Gluteal Line**
105
What is the small blue highlighted feature at the anterior of these two bones?
**Pubic Crest**
- extends from pubic tubercle to medial border of pelvic bone
106
this is the area above the pelvis' articular feature for the head of the femur
what is it called?
**supra acetabular fossa**
107
What is this circular delineation? What does it separate?
And what features make it up?
**Terminal Line of Pelvis**
- separates the **Greater Pelvis** from the **Lesser Pelvis**
- in a clockwise motion, it starts posteriorly at the **Sacral Promontory**, then **Arcuate Line** of left pelvic bone, **Iliopubic Eminence**, **Pectinate Line**, and **Pubic Symphysis**. It continues up the same features on the right pelvic bone and back to the sacrum.
108
**Wing (or Ala) of Ilium**
109
#5
**Soleal Line of Tibea**
**-** diagonal line on posterior, proximal shaft of tibia
- attachment for soleus (and others)
110
tibia
- larger of two distal lower limb bones
- articulates above with femur, below with talus
know:
* **medial condyle**
* **lateral condyle**
* **tibial tuberosity**
* **medial malleolus**
111
superior view of tibia
what is part A?
**Anterior Intercondylar Area of Tibia**
- know it's anterior because tibial tuberosity (bump seen on top of bone here) is anterior
112
#8
**Anterior Border of Tibia**
**-** prominent anterior ridge that separates lateral/medial surfaces
113
right branch of pointer #8
**Articular Facet of Medial Malleolus**
114
What other borders/surfaces of the tibia should be known? How can you identify them?
**Medial Surface - **lies on anterior side of bone, medial to anterior border
**Medial Border - **edge of bone distal to medial epicondyle, separating anterior and posterior sides
**Interosseous Border - **edge of bone distal to lateral epicondyle, facing towards fibula, separating anterior and posterior sides
115
Area marked light blue
**Fibular Notch of Tibia**
116
area marked by green dot
**Gerdy's Tubercle**
**-** lateral insertion of IT tract
117
this is the bone which contains the medial malleolus
what is the red marked area?
**Groove for Tibialis Posterior**
(and Flexor Digitorum Longus)
...so it's the tibia!
118
left branch of pointer #8
**Inferior Articular Surface of Tibia**
119
What is the structure and what are its two parts?
**Intercondylar Eminence of Tibia**
- made up of **medial and lateral intercondylar tubercle**
120
lateral condyle of tibia
121
#9
**lateral surface of tibia**
121
medial condyle of tibia
122
number 1
medial malleolus of tibia
## Footnote
- bony prominence on inside of ankle
123
diagonal ridge between 1 and 2
**oblique line of tibia**
124
superior view of tibia, note location of tibial tuberosity
what is part C?
**Posterior Intercondylar Area of Tibia**
**-** determine it's posterior based on location of tuberosity (anterior)
126
Area marked light blue
Overall name and separate parts
**Superior Articular Surfaces of Tibia**
**Medial and Lateral Facets**
(determine which is which via medial malleolus, or fibula if present)
127
tibial tuberosity
