Book 1: 1796-1832

Question 1

When did Napoleon Bonaparte invade Italy?

Answer 1

1796

Question 2

How did Napoleon divide Italy?

Answer 2

Into 3 states

Question 3

How was each of Italy’s 3 states divided into?

Answer 3

1/3 Kingdom of Naples, 1/3 French, 1/3 Kingdom of Italy (Lombardy and Modena)

Question 4

What laws where instituted across Italy by the French in 1804 and what did they do?

Answer 4

Napoleonic codes, free and open market, republic and liberalism

Question 5

How did the French encourage nationalism in the army, give examples?

Answer 5

Italian regiments in French army, 27,000 to Russia but only 1,000 returned

Question 6

What did the French do to Roman Catholic Church land?

Answer 6

Sold off to the professional classes in Italy

Question 7

Who where the Carbonari?

Answer 7

A Naples based anti-French movement made up off the educated and middle class (charcoal burners)

Question 8

How many members did the carbonari have?

Answer 8

60,000 in Naples (5% of male adults)

Question 9

When was the carbonari formed?

Answer 9

1800

Question 10

Who defeated Napoleon?

Answer 10

Britain and Prussia

Question 11

What battle defeated Napoleon and what date?

Answer 11

Waterloo in 1815

Question 12

What battles came before waterloo?

Answer 12

1812 Rushlack, October 1813 Leipzig

Question 13

When was the congress of Vienna?

Answer 13

1815

Question 14

What did the congress of Vienna achieve?

Answer 14

Redistributed europe after napoleons defeat, made Italy into 8 states

Question 15

What states did Austria directly control?

Answer 15

Lombardy and Venetia

Question 16

What duchies did Austria influence?

Answer 16

Parma, Modena and Tuscany (central duchies)

Question 17

Who was given control of the Kingdom of Two Scillies?

Answer 17

Bourbon royal family

Question 18

Who was the only independent state?

Answer 18

Piedmont

Question 19

Who led Piedmont?

Answer 19

Charles Albert

Question 20

Who led Kingdom of Two Scillies?

Answer 20

King Ferdinand II

Question 21

Who ruled the Papal States?

Answer 21

Pope and Catholic Church

Question 22

Who are Jesuits?

Answer 22

Enforced the rules of the Catholic Church (extreme Catholics)

Question 23

What percentage of Italians where Roman Catholic?

Answer 23

90%

Question 24

What where most Italian states type of government?

Answer 24

Monarchy

Question 25

How many people spoke Italian by 1815?

Answer 25

2.5% of the population

Question 26

Define reactionary.

Answer 26

Returning to the ways of the past

Question 27

Define Liberalism in the 1820s.

Answer 27

People have some say in government

Question 28

Define Radicalism in the 1820s.

Answer 28

Use of violence to achieve aims

Question 29

Who was Clemens Von Metternich?

Answer 29

Austrian premiers and foreign minister determined to destroy nationalism in Italy and liberalism

Question 30

What is a hard line pope, give examples?

Answer 30

A zealot, Pope Pius VII crushed new ideas and in control after treaty of Vienna

Question 31

What is a constitutional monarchy?

Answer 31

A system of government where a monarch is the head of state, but their power is limited by a constitution and an elected parliament

Question 32

What is republicanism?

Answer 32

No monarch. The people have the right to vote for an elected leader

Question 33

What is a conservative?

Answer 33

Conserved key features and traditions, but undergo moderate reform

Question 34

What is a federation?

Answer 34

States joined together under a common leadership, but retain some state freedoms

Question 35

What is the federati?

Answer 35

The confederates, a norther secret society led by amilánese nobleman, Federico Confalonieri, anti-Austrian and favoured a constitutional government

Question 36

What’s a constitution?

Answer 36

A set of laws for people and their leaders

Question 38

What’s the Risorgimento?

Answer 38

National uprising which comes from the Italian people

Question 39

Who where the spillo negro?

Answer 39

Black pin, anti-Austrian and anti-papacy secret society in the papal states

Question 40

What other secret society’s where anti-Austrian and anti-papacy?

Answer 40

Latinisi, Bersaglieri

Question 41

What triggered the July revolutions in France in 1830?

Answer 41

Charles X abdication in France

Question 42

Who replaced Charles X in France?

Answer 42

Louis Philippe (Napoleon III)

Question 43

When was the revolution in Modena?

Answer 43

1830

Question 44

Who led the revolution in Modena.

Answer 44

Enrico Misley

Question 45

Why did the revolution in Modena fail?

Answer 45

Duke Francis IV, leader of Modena, betrayed Misley and got Austrian support to put down uprising

Question 46

When was the revolution in Bologna, Papal States?

Answer 46

1831, by the professional classes

Question 47

What did the revolution in Bologna in the short term achieve?

Answer 47

Set up the government of the Italian Provences, an elected assembly, reformed finance system, fairer legal system

Question 48

Who superseded the majority of revolutions?

Answer 48

Austrians

Question 49

Why did many of the revolutions fail?

Answer 49

Localised, moderate, lacked popular support, Ill-equipped, French failure, Austrian power

Question 50

Why was the medieval writer Dante significant?

Answer 50

Talked about Italian language and wrote in Italian, recognised common culture and customs, hoped a German emperor would unite Italy one day

Question 51

When where the revolutions in Sicily?

Answer 51

1820

Question 52

When where the Sicily revolutions crushed?

Answer 52

1821, by King Ferdinand II

Question 53

Who led the Sicilian revolution?

Answer 53

Pepe and Carbonari

Question 54

Why did the Sicilian revolution begin?

Answer 54

Ferdinand gave power to the church in 1818 as well as general poverty

Question 55

What pieces did Verdi compose that spread anti-Austrian messages from other countries stories?

Answer 55

The lombards of the first crusade and Nabucco in 1842

Question 56

Which poet glorified liberty in his works?

Answer 56

Giacomo Leopardi

Question 57

What books where used to present patriotism and anti-foreign sentiment?

Answer 57

I Peomwssi Sposi by Manzoni, John of Procida by Niccolini

Question 58

What did Machiavelli write?

Answer 58

The Prince, complains about foreign rule during French occupation in the 15th century

Question 59

What did the Congresso Degli Scienziata do?

Answer 59

Encouraged Italian unification, known as congress of science, spoke in Italian at meetings and encouraged moderate nationalism

Question 60

When was the Congresso Degli Scienziata?

Answer 60

1839 to 1847

Question 61

What journals encouraged nationalism?

Answer 61

Gli Annali (encouraged economic growth in the Chianti wine industry), Politecnico (raised issues of common culture), Bibliotheca Italiana (encouraged use of Italian), Antologia (Tuscany national identity)

Question 62

Who where the Riformisti?

Answer 62

The reformers, 1830, believe if Italy was free from Austrian control then it would flourish

Question 63

How did the reformers ideas spread?

Answer 63

In journals, Romagnosis Gli Annali and Cattaneos Politecnico, stressing the importance of economic growth (eg. Chianti wine industry)