Book 1: Revolution And Counter Revolution 1848-9

Question 1

Who did Charles Albert, King of Piedmont, join in a customs union and legal reform in 1847?

Answer 1

Pius IX and Tuscany

Question 2

What is the statuto?

Answer 2

Constitutional monarchy granted by Charles Albert in 1847

Question 3

What did Pius IX do to incite crowds in Rome to chant ‘O Sommo Pio’?

Answer 3

Released 2,000 political prisoners

Question 4

Where did 1/3 of austrias tax revenue come from?

Answer 4

Lombardy and Venetia

Question 5

What happened in the town of Ferrara in July 1847?

Answer 5

Austrian troops occupied the town, causing pope to lodge a formal protest and asking the lord to bless Italia

Question 6

In what year did the pope deny Austrian troops entering the Papal States?

Answer 6

1848

Question 7

What problems where there with farming?

Answer 7

Europe wide harvest failure, shortages caused maize and wheat prices to rise in 1847

Question 8

What was the life expectancy in Naples in the 1840s?

Answer 8

24

Question 9

What did the Sicilians blame their rulers in Naples for in 1836?

Answer 9

Cholera outbreak that killed 65,000

Question 10

When and where did the Italian revolutions break out?

Answer 10

Palermo, Sicily, January 1848

Question 11

Who where the Lazzaroni?

Answer 11

Poor peasant masses of Naples

Question 12

Who did Ferdinand appoint in Naples on the 27th of January 1848 after a demonstration?

Answer 12

Nicola Maresca, liberal ministry

Question 13

When does Ferdinand have to withdraw his troops from Sicily?

Answer 13

January 17th 1848

Question 14

When did Ferdinand introduce a constitution?

Answer 14

February 1848 due to revolutions

Question 15

When where uprisings in Austrias capital Vienna, and why?

Answer 15

1848, inspired by French and economic hardship, leads to Metternich resigning

Question 16

When was the 5 glorious days in Milan, Lombardy?

Answer 16

March 18th, 1848

Question 17

What where the 5 glorious days?

Answer 17

10,000 people petition in for liberal reforms in Lombardy, caused uprisings (starts war in north) general Radetzky to withdraw and gains an alliance with Piedmont

Question 18

What did Daniel Manin set up in March 1848?

Answer 18

Venetian Republic known as the Republic of St Mark

Question 19

When does Charles Albert and Piedmont declare war on Austria?

Answer 19

March 1848

Question 20

What is Pius IX allocution of April 1848?

Answer 20

Afraid of upsetting Austria, publicaly states that he didn’t support the war and did not want to lead Italy and called Charles Albert an aggressor

Question 21

What do the Scillians declare in April 1848?

Answer 21

Independence, parliament elected and declares Sicily is independent, shows lack of pro Italian unification

Question 22

How does Charles Albert show a lack of commitment to unity?

Answer 22

By refusing to accept any recruits ro his army that won’t swear loyalty to him, Garibaldi is refused

Question 23

When and where does Radetzky crush Charles Albert?

Answer 23

24th July 1848 at the battle of Custoza in Lombardy

Question 24

What armistice is signed on 11th august 1848 after Piedmont are expelled from Lombardy?

Answer 24

Armistice of Salasco

Question 25

How and when does Ferdinand crush the uprisings in Sicily?

Answer 25

September 1848, sends 20,000 soldiers to seize Messina and Sicily who surrender within 3 days

Question 26

What does Ferdinand earn the nickname of?

Answer 26

King Bomba

Question 27

Why did the pope flee Rome in November 1848?

Answer 27

His newly appointed anti-liberal PM, count Rossi is murdered by a mob

Question 28

What does Giuseppe Galletti set up in December 1848?

Answer 28

Roman Republic

Question 29

What does the Roman republic introduce?

Answer 29

Liberal reforms, legal reforms, slum clearance, ended press censorship, abolished death penalty, removed church control of education, promised a constitution

Question 30

What is elected the Roman republic in January 1849?

Answer 30

A constituente, announce end of popes power

Question 31

When and where does Charles Albert fail to fight against the Austrians again?

Answer 31

Defeated at Battle of Novara, on 23rd of March 1849

Question 32

Who makes up the Roman Triumvirate?

Answer 32

Mazzini, Saffi, Armellini

Question 33

What does the Roman Triumvirate do?

Answer 33

Helps set up liberal reforms in Roman Republic in March 1849

Question 34

Who replaces Charles Albert in March 1849 after his abdication?

Answer 34

His son, Victor Emmanuel II

Question 35

How did the pope regain power in Papal States?

Answer 35

Louis Napoleon III sent 20,000 French troops to Rome to defeat the Roman republic in April 1849, as well as to gain favour with church and at home

Question 36

How long does the Roman republic hold for?

Answer 36

2 months, General Giuseppe Garibaldi and volunteer army until June 1849

Question 37

How many and to where does garibladi flee to?

Answer 37

400 men and goes to San Marino (makes his famous speech, promising ‘hunger, thirst, forced marches, battle and death’)

Question 38

When is peace signed between Austria and Piedmont?

Answer 38

August 1849

Question 39

Where does Mazzini flee to after his 5th July speech in 1849?

Answer 39

London

Question 40

How much does Piedmont have to pay Austria for war reparations?

Answer 40

65 million Franc

Question 41

When and why does the Republic of Venice fail?

Answer 41

Falls in August 1849 due to cholera outbreaks and hunger, last revolution to fall

Question 42

How long did French troops stay in Rome protecting the pope?

Answer 42

Until 1870