Bovine Repro

Question 1

cow gestation

Answer 1

9 months (280 days)

Question 2

when are beef cattle preg checked

Answer 2

3-4 months

Question 3

when are dairy cattle preg checked

Answer 3

39 days

Question 4

how long is a dairy cattles lactation

Answer 4

305 days

Question 5

how long is a airy cattles calving interval

Answer 5

12 months

Question 6

how long is a dairy cattles dry period

Answer 6

60 days

Question 7

how long is a dairy cattles DIM

Answer 7

100 days

Question 8

bovine maternal recognition of pregnancy

Answer 8

IFN-t
day 16

Question 9

bovine time in estrus

Answer 9

12-18 hrs

Question 10

how long does it take from estrus to fertilization

Answer 10

36 hours

Question 11

how long does it take for sperm transport and capacitation

Answer 11

24 hours

Question 12

when does placenta take over progesterone supplementation in cattle

Answer 12

150 days

Question 13

4 definitive signs for diagnosing pregnancy in cattle

Answer 13

membrane slip
placentation
amniotic vesicle
fetus

Question 14

freemartinism

Answer 14

infertile
incomplete female repro tract

Question 15

segmental aplasia (white heifer disease)

Answer 15

incomplete/missing repro tract
cycle normally
impacts fertility

Question 16

uterus unicornus

Answer 16

cycle normally
can conceive but maybe delayed conception
pregnancy/delivery complications

Question 17

double cervix

Answer 17

complicated breeding
lower conception rates

Question 18

common cause of infertility in cattle

Answer 18

cystic ovaries

Question 19

most common ovarian tumor in cattle and horses

Answer 19

granulosa cell tumor

Question 20

how does uterine involution affect subsequent fertility

when does size reduction occur? epithelializton?

Answer 20

involution is linked to subsequent fertility bc proper involution prepares uterus for next pregnancy

size reduction 30 days
epithelialization 45 days

Question 21

factors causing retained fetal membranes

Answer 21

dystocia
milk fever
vitamin E/Se def
immune dysfunction

Question 22

treatment for retained placenta

Answer 22

manual removal
oxytocin
prostaglandins
intrauterine infusion

Question 23

occurs < 10 days after calving, usually 2-4 days
large fluid filled uterus
thin dark foul discharge
systemic signs

Answer 23

metritis

Question 24

occurs > 26 days after calving
normal uterus, cervix enlarged
thick white discharge
no systemic signs

Answer 24

endometritis

Question 25

treatment of pyometra

Answer 25

prostaglandins evacuating uterus

Question 26

abx for metritis

Answer 26

penicillin G ceftiofur ampicillin

Question 27

what do you call a pregnancy lost within the first 40 days

Answer 27

early embryonic death (EED)

Question 28

what do you call a pregnancy lost between 40-260 days of gestation

Answer 28

fetal abortion

Question 29

what do you call calves less than 24 hours old showing various signs of weakness

Answer 29

weak neonates

Question 30

most comm cause of stillborn calves

Answer 30

asphyxia

Question 31

what is considered a premature birth

Answer 31

260 days to term

Question 32

what is considered a stillbirth

Answer 32

born dead at normal gestational age

Question 33

causes of EED

Answer 33

genetic environmental - nutrition, toxin, hormones, palpation

Question 34

main cause of abortion

Answer 34

infectious

Question 35

what are the two venereal transmission diseases

Answer 35

tritrichomonas fetus campylobacter

Question 36

diagnostics for tritrichomonas

Answer 36

preputial scraping - trich PCR

Question 37

C. fetus

Answer 37

ingestion = sporadic abortion in cattle, enzootic in sheep zoonotic

Question 38

C. venerealis

Answer 38

infertility epidemic

Question 39

Campylobacter diagnosis

Answer 39

preputial smegma/vaginal mucus (Clarks transport media) culture, direct swear, FA

Question 40

Which of the following agents may cause increased prevalence of pyometras and very early-gestation pregnancies?

Answer 40

tritrichomonas foetus

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of a non-venereal infectious disease that can cause fetal septicemia and abortion?

Answer 41

salmonella

Question 42

Cattle are no longer dependent on CLs to maintain pregnancy after which day of pregnancy?

Answer 42

150 days

Question 43

BVDV PI calves are exposed to maternal infection before which day of gestation?

Answer 43

120 days

Question 44

brucella abortus main sign effect

Answer 44

placentitis

Question 45

cattle virus thats associated with resp symptoms, abortions, conjunctivitis

Answer 45

BHV-1 = infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

Question 46

most common cause of sporadic abortion worldwide

Answer 46

mycotic - aspergillus fumigatus

Question 47

what is a BSE used to identify

Answer 47

sub-fertile or sterile bulls

Question 48

why would a bull be defered

Answer 48

less likely to achieve similar preg rates (e.g. proximal droplets) retest in 15-30 days

Question 49

basic BSE actions (4)

Answer 49

external PE rectal palpation of accessory sex gland visual testicular inspection/palpation ejaculate collection/semen evaluation

Question 50

what determines an unsatisfactory potential breeder

Answer 50

cryptorchid hypoplastic epididymis

Question 51

persistent frenulum cause? treatment?

Answer 51

heritable - do NOT use for breeding unless calf is for meat surgically corrected - cut, defer and recheck