Brain, Meninges, Dural Sinuses, and Cranial Fossae

Question 1

what are the 3 functions of the brain?

Answer 1

stimulates movement
maintains homeostasis
produces thought

Question 2

how does the brain stimulate movements?

Answer 2

sensory and motor inputs

Question 3

how does the brain maintain homeostasis

Answer 3

between internal and external environment

Question 4

how does the brain produce though?

Answer 4

intelligence related processes (includes memory)

Question 5

what is the central sulcus between?

Answer 5

frontal and parietal lobes

Question 6

what is the parieto-occipital sulcus between?

Answer 6

parietal and occipital lobes

Question 7

what is the lateral fissure/sulcus between?

Answer 7

temporal and frontal lobes

Question 8

what is the longitudinal fissure between

Answer 8

2 cerebral hemispheres

Question 9

what is the function of frontal lobe

Answer 9

primary motor and personality area

Question 10

what is the function of parietal lobe

Answer 10

primary sensory and integration area

Question 11

what is the occipital lobe function

Answer 11

primary visual area

Question 12

what is the function of temporal lobe

Answer 12

auditory, speech, olfactory, and memory

Question 13

what is the function of cerebellum

Answer 13

fine motor coordination

Question 14

what is the function of pons

Answer 14

CN nuclei and tracts between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 15

what is the function of medulla oblongata

Answer 15

blood pressure and respiration

Question 16

what does the corpus callosum connect?

Answer 16

fibers connecting cerebral hemispheres

Question 17

what is the function of thalamus

Answer 17

relay station for all sense except olfaction

Question 18

what is the function of hypothalamus

Answer 18

center for autonomic and endocrine functions

Question 19

what is the function of the pituitary gland

Answer 19

“master” gland for homeostasis

Question 20

what is the function of pineal gland

Answer 20

center for sleep-wake cycles

Question 21

what is the function of mammillary bodies

Answer 21

nuclei related to emotions

Question 22

what are the 3 fossae of cranial vault

Answer 22

anterior
middle
posterior

Question 23

what does the anterior fossa hold

Answer 23

frontal lobes

Question 24

what does the middle fossa hold

Answer 24

temporal lobes

Question 25

what does the posterior cranial fossa hold

Answer 25

cerebellum and brainstem

Question 26

what bones are with the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 26

frontal ethmoid sphenoid

Question 27

what bones are with the middle cranial fossa

Answer 27

sphenoid parietal temporal - petrous portion

Question 28

what bones are with the posterior cranial fossa

Answer 28

temporal parietal occipital

Question 29

what are the 4 features of the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 29

cribriform plate foramen cecum anterior ethmoidal foramen posterior ethmoidal foramen

Question 30

what nerve is associated with the cribriform plate

Answer 30

olfactory bulb and olfactory nerve

Question 31

what vein is associated with the foramen cecum

Answer 31

emissary vein from nasal cavity

Question 32

what nerve is associated with anterior ethmoidal foramen

Answer 32

anterior ethmoidal nerve, artery, and vein

Question 33

what is associated with posterior ethmoidal foramen

Answer 33

posterior ethmoidal nerve, artery, and vein

Question 34

what goes through the optic cancal

Answer 34

CN II and ophthalmic artery

Question 35

what goes through the superior orbital fissure

Answer 35

CN III, IV, V1, VI, and ophthamic veins

Question 36

what goes through foramen rotundum

Answer 36

CN V2

Question 37

what goes through foramen ovale

Answer 37

CN V3 and accessory meningeal a

Question 38

goes through foramen spinosum?

Answer 38

middle meningeal a

Question 39

goes through foramen lacerum?

Answer 39

fibrocartilage

Question 40

what passes through the internal acoustic meatus

Answer 40

CN VII, CN VIII

Question 41

what goes through the jugular foramen

Answer 41

internal jugular vein, CN IX, X, XI

Question 42

what goes through the foramen magnum

Answer 42

spinal cord and vertebral vessels | accessory spinal

Question 43

what goes through the hypoglossal canal

Answer 43

CN XII

Question 44

what are the 3 meninges of the brain

Answer 44

dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater

Question 45

what are the 2 layers of the dura mater

Answer 45

periosteal layer | meningeal layer

Question 46

what is the rough outer layer, forming the endocranium and inner periosteum

Answer 46

periosteal layer

Question 47

what is the smooth inner layer that covers arachnoid mater

Answer 47

meningeal layer

Question 48

what is found between cerebral hemispheres

Answer 48

falx cerebri (longitudinal fissure)

Question 49

what is between cerebelli hemispheres

Answer 49

falx cerebelli

Question 50

what is found between cerebrum and cerebellum

Answer 50

tentorium cerebelli (tranverse fissure)

Question 51

what is found between brain and pituitary gland

Answer 51

diaphragma sellae

Question 52

what are the dural venous sinuses

Answer 52

``` superior and inferior sagittal sinuses sigmoid sinuses straight sinus sphenoparietal sinuses carvernous sinuses superior and inferior petrosal sinuses confluence and transverse sinuses ```

Question 53

what passes through the cavernous sinus

Answer 53

internal carotid and CN VI

Question 54

what nerves are in the lateral wall of cavernous sinus

Answer 54

CN III, IV, V1, and V2

Question 55

what can rupture with skull base fractures?

Answer 55

ICA

Question 56

if the ICA ruptures, what does that result in?

Answer 56

arteriovenous fistula

Question 57

what covers all fissures and sulci of the brain?

Answer 57

arachnoid mater and pia mater

Question 58

what is deep to the arachnoid mater?

Answer 58

subarachnoid space

Question 59

what does the dura mater contain?

Answer 59

vessels and sinuses

Question 60

what 3 things are in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 60

CSF | cerebral and cerebellar blood vessels

Question 61

what does the superior cerebral vv drain into?

Answer 61

superior sagittal sinus

Question 62

what are pierced through the pia mater

Answer 62

vessels that supply the brain

Question 63

what is cavernous sinus thrombosis?

Answer 63

clot formation

Question 64

what prevents build-up of pressure on brain?

Answer 64

passive pressure gradient

Question 65

what is a branch of maxillary aa?

Answer 65

middle meningeal vessels

Question 66

where do the middle meningeal vessels drain to?

Answer 66

pterygoid venous plexuses

Question 67

where are the vessels of middle meningeal vessels embedded

Answer 67

outer layer of dura mater

Question 68

what do the middle meningeal vessels supply

Answer 68

dura mater and skull

Question 69

what are the 2 branches of middle meningeal vessels

Answer 69

parietal branch and frontal branch

Question 70

which branch of the middle meningeal vessel is posterior?

Answer 70

parietal branch

Question 71

what can a tear in the middle meningeal artery lead to?

Answer 71

epidural hematoma

Question 72

where is the bleeding of a epidural hematoma?

Answer 72

arterial bleeding between dura mater and skull

Question 73

fractures through ____ of skull produce tearing in anterior branch (frontal branch) of middle meningeal artery

Answer 73

pterion

Question 74

where is the subdural space?

Answer 74

potential space between dura and arachnoid mater

Question 75

rupture of ___ vein produces subdural hematoma

Answer 75

cerebral vein

Question 76

what are the 2 systems that provide blood to brain?

Answer 76

internal carotid arterial system | vertebrobasilar arterial system

Question 77

what is the anastomosis of the 2 systems that provide blood to the brain?

Answer 77

circle of willis

Question 78

where does the internal carotid artery enter?

Answer 78

carotid canal

Question 79

what sinus does the internal carotid artery enter?

Answer 79

cavernous sinus

Question 80

what part of the brain does the internal carotid artery supply?

Answer 80

anterior and middle brain

Question 81

where does the vertebral artery enter the brain?

Answer 81

transverse foramina

Question 82

after the vertebra artery goes through the transverse foramina, where does it go?

Answer 82

foramen magnum

Question 83

what does the vertebral artery form?

Answer 83

basilar artery

Question 84

what does the vertebral artery supply?

Answer 84

posterior brain

Question 85

what are the 6 arteries of the circle of willis

Answer 85

``` Anterior communicating a. Anterior cerebral aa. Internal Carotid aa. Middle cerebral aa. Posterior communicating aa. Posterior cerebral aa. ```

Question 86

what is a branch of the internal carotid artery

Answer 86

ophthalmic artery

Question 87

what does the internal carotid artery anastomose with

Answer 87

posterior communicating artery

Question 88

what does the internal carotid artery terminate as?

Answer 88

middle and anterior cerebral artery

Question 89

what branches come off of basilar artery

Answer 89

inferior cerebellar a labyrinthine a pontine a superior cerebellar a

Question 90

what does the basilar spilt to form?

Answer 90

posterior cerebral a

Question 91

what branches does the vertebral a give off

Answer 91

anterior and posterior spinal a | posterior inferior cerebellar a

Question 92

what does the anterior cerebral a supply

Answer 92

anterior/medial cerebrum

Question 93

what does the middle cerebral a supply

Answer 93

anterior/lateral cerebrum

Question 94

what does the posterior cerebral artery supply

Answer 94

posterior/inferior/ cerebrum

Question 95

what does the superior cerebellar a supply

Answer 95

superior cerebellum

Question 96

what does the anterior inferior cerebellar a suppply

Answer 96

anterior/inferior cerebellum

Question 97

what does the posterior inferior cerebellar a supply

Answer 97

posterior/inferior cerebellum