Posterior Cervical Triangle

Question 1

What are the 2 layers of fascia

Answer 1

superficial fascia

deep fascia

Question 2

What is the type of tissue in the superficial fascia

Answer 2

subcutaneous tissue

Question 3

what is the subcutaneous tissue comprised of

Answer 3

losse connective tissue and fat

and muscles of facial expression

Question 4

what is the deep fascia

Answer 4

dense, organized connective tissue layer

Question 5

what does the investing fascia of the neck surround

Answer 5

trapezius, SCM mm, and infrahyoid muscle

Question 6

what does the pretracheal fascia surround?

Answer 6

thyroid, trachea and esophagus and posterior surface of the infrahyoid mm.

Question 7

what does the buccopharyngea fascia surround

Answer 7

pharynx posteriorly

Question 8

what is the alar fascia around?

Answer 8

anterior layer of prevertebral fascia and runs behind buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 9

what are the components of the carotid sheath

Answer 9

column of fascia that surrounds the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, IJV, and vagus nerve

Question 10

what are the 5 layers of the fascia of the neck

Answer 10

pretracheal layer
carotid sheath
buccopharyngeal fascia
investing layer
prevertebral layer

Question 11

what are the 4 facial spaces of the neck?

Answer 11

carotid sheath
pretracheal space
retropharyngeal space
prevertebral “danger” space

Question 12

where does the carotid sheath run from?

Answer 12

skull down into middle mediastinum

Question 13

where is the pretracheal space located?

Answer 13

trachea and infrahyoid mm

Question 14

where does the pretracheal space run from?

Answer 14

thyroid cartilage down into anterior mediastinum

Question 15

what layers of fascia is the retropharyngeal space located?

Answer 15

between buccopharyngeal and alar fascia

Question 16

where does the retropharyngeal space run from

Answer 16

skull base down into superior mediastinum

Question 17

why is the prevertebral space called the danger space?

Answer 17

infections can go from the skull all the way to T12

Question 18

carotid sheath leads to?

Answer 18

middle mediastinum

Question 19

pretracheal space leads to?

Answer 19

anterior mediastinum

Question 20

retropharyngeal space leads to?

Answer 20

superior mediastinum

Question 21

prevertebral space leads to?

Answer 21

posterior mediastinum

Question 22

zone 1 of the neck is what

Answer 22

thoracic inlet to cricoid cartilage

Question 23

zone 2 of the neck is what

Answer 23

cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible

Question 24

zone 3 of the neck is what

Answer 24

angle of mandible to base of skull

Question 25

what is the anterior border of the PCT?

Answer 25

SCM

Question 26

what is the posterior border of PCT?

Answer 26

trapezius

Question 27

what is the inferior border of the PCT?

Answer 27

middle 1/3 of the clavicle

Question 28

what are the 6 contents of the PCT?

Answer 28

``` platysma m EJV cutaneous nn motor nn transverse cervical and suprascapular aa deep muscles ```

Question 29

what are the 4 cutaneous nerves of the PCT?

Answer 29

lesser occipital greater auricular transverse cervical supraclavicular nn

Question 30

where is Erb's point?

Answer 30

posterior border of SCM, 1/2 way down SCM

Question 31

what does the lesser occipital n supply?

Answer 31

scalp at apex of triangle | C2-C3

Question 32

what does the great auricular n supply?

Answer 32

C2-C3 | supplies lobe and skin posterior auricularly

Question 33

what does the transverse cervical n supply

Answer 33

C2-C3 | supplies skin of anterior cervical triangle

Question 34

what are the 3 branches of supraclavicular n

Answer 34

medial intermediate lateral

Question 35

what does the supraclavicular nn supply?

Answer 35

skin of clavicular region | C3-C4

Question 36

what are the 2 motor nerves of the posterior triangle

Answer 36

Accessory n XI | phrenic n C3-C5

Question 37

where does CN XI accessory nerve emerge from

Answer 37

jugular foramen of skull

Question 38

what does the accessory nerve supply?

Answer 38

both SCM and Trapezius

Question 39

where does the phrenic nerve enter the thorax?

Answer 39

between subclavian v and a

Question 40

what does the phrenic nerve supply?

Answer 40

diaphragam

Question 41

phrenic n (c3-c5) and what other nerve share similar origins?

Answer 41

supraclavicular n (c3-c4)

Question 42

what are the 3 vessels of the PCT?

Answer 42

EJV transverse cervical a suprascapular a

Question 43

what does EJV drain into?

Answer 43

subclavian v

Question 44

where does the transverse cervical artery and suprascapular artery come from?

Answer 44

thyrocervical trunk

Question 45

what are the 3 main branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

Answer 45

suprascapular transverse cervicial inferior thyroid

Question 46

what are the deep muscles of the PCT?

Answer 46

splenius capitis m levator scapulae m 3 scalene m omohyoid m (inferior belly)

Question 47

what is the action of splenius capitis?

Answer 47

extend and laterally rotate head and neck

Question 48

what is the splenius capitis innervated by

Answer 48

dorsal rami of spinal n

Question 49

what is the action of levator scapulae muscle

Answer 49

elevate scapula

Question 50

what is the levator scapulae innervated by

Answer 50

dorsal scapular n (C5)

Question 51

what are the 3 scalene muscles

Answer 51

anterior scalene m middle scalane m posterior scalene m

Question 52

where does the anterior scalene m originate from?

Answer 52

trans processes of C3-C6

Question 53

where does middle scalene m originate from?

Answer 53

trans process of C2-C7

Question 54

where does posterior scalene m originate from?

Answer 54

C4-C6

Question 55

what are the scalene muscles actions?

Answer 55

acts to tilt neck laterally

Question 56

what are teh scalane muscles innervated by?

Answer 56

ventral rami C3-C8

Question 57

what is the interscalene triangle formed by?

Answer 57

anterior scalene, middle scalene, and 1st rib

Question 58

what passes through the interscalene triangle?

Answer 58

brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Question 59

what are some clinical notes to interscalene triangle?

Answer 59

- muscle slips, cervical ribs or cartilage outgrowths - compress brachial plexus or subclavian a - contribute to thoracic outlet syndrome (compromise of nn or aa between neck and axilla)