Cervical Viscera & Roof of the Neck

Question 1

What are the 6 components of the cervical viscera?

Answer 1

Thyroid & parathyroid glands
larynx & trachea
pharynx & esophagus

Question 2

what cervical level does the esophagus starts?

Answer 2

C6

Question 3

What cartilage is deep to thyroid cartilage?

Answer 3

cricoid cartilage

Question 4

What do the fibers look like for the esophagus?

Answer 4

Longititundal and cross fibers

Question 5

What connects the right and left lobe of the thyroid gland?

Answer 5

Isthumus

Question 6

what does the isthumus usually cover?

Answer 6

2-4th tracheal rings, anteriorly

Question 7

What are the 3 arteries of the thyroid gland?

Answer 7

superior thyroid a
inferior thyroid a
thyroid ima (inferior mesenteric artery) a

Question 8

what are the 3 veins of the thyroid gland?

Answer 8

superior
middle
inferior

Question 9

where does the superior thyroid vein drain?

Answer 9

IJV

Question 10

where does the middle thyroid vein drain?

Answer 10

IJV

Question 11

where does the inferior thyroid vein drain

Answer 11

brachiocephalic v

Question 12

whats the range of # of parathyroid glands?

Answer 12

2-6 glands

Question 13

do the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves have the same path?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

right recurrent larygneal nerve path

Answer 14

branch of the vagus
supplies larynx muscles
path: loops under subclavian artery

Question 15

what happens if you cut both left and right recurrent nerves?

Answer 15

lose your voice

Question 16

what are the 3 things that are in danger during a thyroidectomy?

Answer 16

parathyroid gland

recurrent and external laryngeal nerves

Question 17

what results in damage to RLN?

Answer 17

paralysis of most laryngeal mm (voice)

Question 18

what results in damage to ELN?

Answer 18

paralysis of cricothyroid & inferior pharyngeal constrictor mm.

Question 19

whats the difference between a high or low tracheotomy?

Answer 19

superior to isthmus vs inferior to isthmus

Question 20

what is tracheostomy

Answer 20

creation of a stoma…creating a permanent alternative airway

Question 21

What are the risks of tracheostomy?

Answer 21

Too high, you may hit the isthmus

tOO low, may injure the jugular arch

Question 22

Easier to cut horizontal or vertically for tracheostomy?

Answer 22

Horizontally, cutting cricoid thyroid membrane

Question 23

what is a cricothyrotomy

Answer 23

formation of opening in cricothyroid membrane

Question 24

where can you find cricothyroid membrane?

Answer 24

between cricoid and thyroid cartialage

Question 25

what are the borders of the throracic

Answer 25

anterior border: manubrium lateral border: 1st rib posterior: vertebral bodies

Question 26

what are the 3 sympathetic ganglia found in cervical region?

Answer 26

superior cervical g middle cervical g cervicothoracic g

Question 27

what rami is myelinated?

Answer 27

white rami: carrying info in

Question 28

what rami is unmyelinated?

Answer 28

gray rami: carrying out of sympathetic trunk

Question 29

ANS composed of what?

Answer 29

``` parasympathetic (CNs & S2-4) sympathetic nerves (T1-L2) ```

Question 30

What nerve has all p-symp innervation to neck?

Answer 30

vagus

Question 31

sympathetic trunk relays what?

Answer 31

sympathetic innervation to neck

Question 32

ANS controls what function?

Answer 32

visceral functions

Question 33

what does the thoracic duct drain lymph from?

Answer 33

``` left upper limb head neck thorax abdomen & LLs ```

Question 34

what does the right lympathetic duct drain lymph from?

Answer 34

right upper limb, head, neck, and thorax

Question 35

what are the 3 branches of thyrocerviacal trunk?

Answer 35

suprascapular artery transverse cervical artery inferior thyroid artery

Question 36

where do the vertebral vessels enter?

Answer 36

transverse foramen of C6 & superior (C1-C6)

Question 37

what does the vertebral vein drain into?

Answer 37

brachiocephalic vein

Question 38

what is the medial boundary of SCM triangle?

Answer 38

sternal head of SCM

Question 39

what is the lateral boundary of SCM triangle?

Answer 39

clavicular head of SCM

Question 40

what is the inferior border of SCM triangle

Answer 40

clavicle

Question 41

what are the contents of SCM triangle?

Answer 41

IJV

Question 42

IJV puncture can happen from what?

Answer 42

insertion of central venous line (catheter)

Question 43

Subclavian vein puncture can happen from what?

Answer 43

insertion of central venous line