Craniovertebral Joints & Prevertebral Region

Question 1

what are the 2 craniovertebral joints

Answer 1

atlanto-occipital joint

atlanto-axial joint

Question 2

what movement does the atlanto-occipital joint contribute to?

Answer 2

nodding movement

Question 3

which joint allows tilting of the head, side-to-side

Answer 3

atlanto-occipital joint

Question 4

which joint contributes to rotation movement

Answer 4

atlanto-axial joint

Question 5

what kind of joint are the 2 craniovertebral joints?

Answer 5

synovial joints with no discs

Question 6

what structure the atlanto-axial rotation move around?

Answer 6

dens

Question 7

what does the vertebral a arise from?

Answer 7

subclavian a

Question 8

what does the vertebral v drain into?

Answer 8

brachiocephalic v

Question 9

what do the vertebral artery and vein enter?

Answer 9

foramina of C6 and above

Question 10

where do the vertebral veinis arise in?

Answer 10

suboccipital triangle

Question 11

what do the vertebral veins form?

Answer 11

plexuses

Question 12

what are the 2 pharyngeal plexuses of veins?

Answer 12

external and internal plexus

Question 13

where does the external plexus form outside of?

Answer 13

pharyngobasilar fascia

Question 14

where does the internal plexus form?

Answer 14

between pharyngobasilar fascia and constrictor mm

Question 15

what do the internal and external plexus drain into?

Answer 15

pterygoid plexus of vv and IJV

Question 16

what do C1-C4 cervical nerves form?

Answer 16

cervical plexus

Question 17

what do C3-C5 nerves form?

Answer 17

phrenic nn

Question 18

where do the C3-C5 nerves descend to?

Answer 18

anterior scalene mm

Question 19

what do the C5-C8 form?

Answer 19

brachial plexus

Question 20

where does CN IX travel to?

Answer 20

posterior tongue and pharynx

Question 21

where does CN X travel into?

Answer 21

thorax

Question 22

where is CN X found in?

Answer 22

carotid sheath

Question 23

what does CN XI travel to?

Answer 23

SCM and trapezius

Question 24

where does CN XII travel to?

Answer 24

tongue

Question 25

what is in the prevertebral region

Answer 25

``` sympathetic trunk CN IX X XI XII cervical spinal nn vertebral vessels pharyngeal plexuses of vv ```

Question 26

what is the logical plane of separation of head and viscera

Answer 26

retropharyngeal space

Question 27

what kind of tissue doe the retropharyngeal space contain?

Answer 27

loose connective tissue

Question 28

where does CN XII enter through

Answer 28

hypoglossal canal

Question 29

CN XII supply?

Answer 29

muscles of tongue

Question 30

CN XI supply?

Answer 30

SCM and trapezius mm

Question 31

what is the cranial vault lined with?

Answer 31

periosteal dura mater

Question 32

does the periosteal dura mater run continously with the spinal column?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

what is beneath the periosteal dura mater

Answer 33

tectorial membrane

Question 34

what is the tectorial membrane become inferiorly?

Answer 34

posterior longitundinal ligament

Question 35

what is beneath the tectorial membrane?

Answer 35

craniovertebral joints and deep ligaments

Question 36

what are the two ligaments that line the spinal cord anteriorly and posteriorly?

Answer 36

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

Question 37

what is a superior extension of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 37

anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 38

what is a superior extension of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 38

tectorial membrane

Question 39

where does the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane attach?

Answer 39

base of occipital bone superiorly at margin of foramen magnum

Question 40

what covers the anterior arch of atlas inferiorly?

Answer 40

anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 41

what is the posterior membrane between atlas and occipital bone called?

Answer 41

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 42

what fills in gaps between posterior vertebral arches?

Answer 42

ligamentum flava

Question 43

what are the 2 things that form part of posterior wall of vertebral canal

Answer 43

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane | ligamentum flavum

Question 44

what are the 4 deep ligaments

Answer 44

transverse ligament of the atlas cruciform ligament of the atlas alar ligaments apical ligament of the dens

Question 45

what is the purpose of the transverse ligament of atlas

Answer 45

holds dens of axis (c2) tightly to anterior arch of atlas (c1)

Question 46

if fractures occur at the base of the dens, does transverse ligament of atlas allow them to reunite?

Answer 46

nah

Question 47

what are the 3 things that make up the cruciate ligament

Answer 47

superior longitudinal band transverse ligament of atlas inferior longitudinal band

Question 48

what kind of shape does the cruciate ligament form?

Answer 48

cross

Question 49

what band attaches to foramen magnum base

Answer 49

superior longitudinal band

Question 50

what band attaches to dens of C2 post

Answer 50

inferior longitudinal band

Question 51

where is the alar (check) ligament

Answer 51

extends from dens to medial portions of occipital condyles

Question 52

which ligaments are super super strong?

Answer 52

alar (check) ligament

Question 53

which ligament helps with the transverse ligament?

Answer 53

apical ligament of dens

Question 54

what is the function of the apical ligament of dens and transverse ligament

Answer 54

holds dens to the anterior arch of C1

Question 55

where does the apical ligament of dens attach

Answer 55

anterior margin of foramen magnum

Question 56

what vein emerges from the jugular foramen

Answer 56

internal jugular vein

Question 57

what enters the carotid canal

Answer 57

internal carotid artery

Question 58

what gives rise to internal carotid plexus

Answer 58

sympathetic trunk

Question 59

what emerges from stylomastoid foramen

Answer 59

CN VII

Question 60

which cranial nerves emerge from jugular foramen

Answer 60

IX X XI

Question 61

what cranial nerve emerges from hypoglossal canal

Answer 61

XII

Question 62

which cranial nerves give rise to superior and inferior ganglia

Answer 62

IX X

Question 63

what gives rise to superior cervical ganglion

Answer 63

sympathetic trunk

Question 64

what sends off internal carotid plexus

Answer 64

sympathetic trunk

Question 65

what innervates stylopharyngeus muscle

Answer 65

CN IX

Question 66

what are the 2 branches of the vagus nerve?

Answer 66

pharyngeal nerve | superior laryngeal nerve

Question 67

what does the pharyngeal nerve innervate

Answer 67

pharynx

Question 68

what does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate

Answer 68

larynx

Question 69

what is the pharyngeal plexus of nerves formed by?

Answer 69

union of pharyngeal branches of CN IX and CN X

Question 70

what cranial nerve contributes sensory fibers to the pharyngeal plexus

Answer 70

CN IX

Question 71

what cranial nerve contributes motor innervations to pharyngeal mm and carries p-symp?

Answer 71

CN X

Question 72

where do the sympathetic fibers from the pharyngeal plexus of nerves come from?

Answer 72

superior cervical ganglion