Orbit & Eye Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
what are the 4 features of the eyelid
A
palpebral conjuctiva
bulbar conjuctiva
conjuctival sac
fornices
2
Q
where is the palpebral conjuctiva
A
membrane lining inner eyelid
3
Q
where is the bulbar conjuctiva
A
membrane lining surface of eye
4
Q
where is the conjuctival sac
A
potential space between these membranes
5
Q
where is the fornices
A
conjuctival reflections from eyelid to eye
6
Q
what provides form for eyelids?
A
superior and inferior tarsus
7
Q
what sebaceous glands are seen through conjuctiva
A
tarsal glands
8
Q
what tendon does CN III innervate
A
levator palperae superioris muscle
9
Q
what are the bones of the orbit
A
frontal sphenoid ethmoid palatine lacrimal maxillary zygomatic
10
Q
what arteries go through the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramen
A
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
11
Q
Objects piercing roof enter ___
A
anterior cranial fossa
12
Q
Objects piercing floor enter ?
A
maxillary sinus
13
Q
Objects piercing medial wall enter ?
A
ethmoid air cells
14
Q
Objects piercing lateral wall enter ?
A
temporal fossa
15
Q
Objects piercing superior orbital fissure enter ?
A
middle cranial fossa
16
Q
what is the floor of the orbit?
A
roof of maxillary sinus
17
Q
what does a medial orbital wall injury affect?
A
ethmoidal air cells
18
Q
what does a lateral orbital wall injury affect?
A
temporal fossa
19
Q
what goes through the optic canal
A
CN II and opthalamic artery
20
Q
what goes through the superior orbital fissure?
A
CN III, IV, V1, VI, and opthalamic vv
21
Q
what goes through the supraorbital notch/foramen
A
supraorbital n (CN V1) & a
22
Q
what goes through the inferior orbital fissure?
A
infraorbital and zygomatic n (CN V2) and a
23
Q
what goes through the infraorbital foramen
A
infraorbital n (CN V2) and a
24
Q
what goes through the anterior ethmoidal foramen?
A
anterior ethmoidal n and a (CNv1)
25
what goes through the posterior ethmoidal foramen?
posterior ethmoidal n (CNv1) and a
26
what goes through the foramen rotundum
maxillary nerve
27
what are the features of the external eye
conjuctiva
sclera
cornea
28
define conjuctiva
mucous membrane of eye and lids
29
define sclera
posterior 5/6 of outer layer (white part)
30
define cornea
anterior 1/6 of outer layer (transparent)
31
what are the 4 features of the middle eye
choroid
ciliary body
iris
pupil
32
define choroid
thin middle layer of ciliary aa & vorticose vv
33
define cilary body
smooth muscle around lens for accommodation
34
what controls focal point of lens?
ciliary body
35
define iris
colored smooth muscle behind cornea controlling pupil size
36
define pupil
adjustable aperture through which light enters eye
37
how does the ciliary body muscles affect the zonular fibers?
change the tension of the zonular fibers, change the focus of the lens
38
what are the 4 features of the internal eye
retina
macula lutea
fovea centralis
optic disc
39
define retina
neural layer of eye which receives a light rays
40
define macula lutea
oval region of retina for visual acuity
41
defina fovea centralis
most acute vision site at center of macula
42
define optic disc
regions where CN II and retinal vessels enter/exit
43
what represents a blind spot?
optic disc (no photo receptors)
44
why is the optic disc considered a blind spot?
no photoreceptors
45
T/F vessels are over the fovea centralis
False
46
how do the meningeal layers extend to the eye?
through the optic nerve
47
what are the 4 features of the refractive media of the eye
cornea
lens
aqueous humor
vitreous humor
48
define cornea
largely responsible for refraction of light in the eye
49
define lens
focuses light rays & near or distant objects on retina
50
define aqueous humor
watery filling anterior to lens
51
define vitreous humor (body)
gelatinous filling posterior to lens
52
what is the nervous "visual" layer
refractive media
53
what are the 4 features of the lacrimal apparatus
lacrimal gland
lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct
54
whats is lacrimal gland function?
produces lacrimal fluid (tears), flows inferomedially
55
what is the lacrimal canaliculi function
transports tears to lacrimal sac
56
what is lacrimal sac function
drains tears to nasolacrimal duct
57
what is nasolacrimal duct
drains tears through nasolacrimal canal (under inferior nasal concha)
58
levator palpebrae superioris m action?
raises upper eyelid
59
superior rectus m action?
elevates and adducts eye
| rotates eye medially
60
inferior rectus m action?
depresses and adducts eye
| rotates eye laterally
61
lateral rectus m action?
abducts eye
62
medial rectus m action?
adducts eye
63
superior oblique m action
depresses and abducts eye
64
inferior oblique m action?
elevates and abducts eye
65
which muscle helps the eye look "down and out"
superior oblique m
66
what tendon is oriented with superior oblique m?
trochlea
67
which muscle makes the eye look up and out?
inferior oblique m
68
which muscles ABDUCT the eye?
obliques
69
which muscles ADDUCT the eye?
recti
70
which cranial nerve supplies superior oblique m
CN IV
71
which muscles does the CN III supply?
```
LPS
SR
MR
IR
IO
```
72
which cranial nerve supplies lateral rectus m?
CN VI
73
which cranial nerve carries p-symp to ciliary ganglion?
CN III
74
how can the eye be placed to test lateral and medial rectus mm?
neutrally
75
how can the eye be placed to test superior and inferior rectus mm?
abducted
76
how can the eye be placed to test superior and inferior oblique mm?
adducted
77
the position of ab/adduction is ____ of muscle action
opposite
78
what is the optic nerve sensory for?
special sense of sight
79
where are the optic nerve fibers?
between the eye and chiasm
80
what is the optic chiasm
intermingling of nerve fibers
81
what is the optic tract
nerve fibers from chiasm to brain
82
what are the two visual fields of the optic pathway
temporal
| nasal
83
which visual field crosses over the chiasm?
temporal vision
84
which visual field remains ipsilateral?
nasal vision
85
what does visual field testing detect?
blindness
86
what does the optic nerve lesion result in?
total blindness in affected eye
87
what does the optic chiasm lesion produce?
loss of peripheral vision
88
what does the optic tract lesion result in?
ipsilateral nasal visual field loss and contralateral temporal field loss
89
pattern of optic tract lesion is due to ____ of ____ visual fields
crossing of temporal visual fields
90
what does the ciliary ganglion receive?
p-symp from CN III
91
what does the ciliary ganglion supply?
p-symps to ciliary muscle and pupillary sphincter muscle
92
what does pupillary dilator muscle receive?
sympathetics from internal carotid plexus
93
where are the preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies?
T1
94
what does the pupillary light reflex test?
CN II and CN III
95
how do we tell if there is a CN III p-symp lesion?
pupil remains dilated
96
what are the 3 divisions of the CN V1
"NFL"
Nasociliary n
Frontal n
Lacrimal n
97
what does the nasociliary n contain?
ethmoidal and infratrochlear nn
| long ciliary nn (sensory and symp) to posterior eye
98
what does the frontal n branch to?
supraorbital and supratrochlear nn
99
what does the lacrimal n supply?
lacrimal gland and conjuctiva
100
what are the 7 arteries of the orbit and eye
```
ophthalmic a
posterior ciliary aa
central retinal a
ethmoidal aa
supraorbital a
supratrochlear a
lacrimal a
```
101
what does the ophthalmic a give rise to?
all arteries of the eye
102
what does the posterior ciliary aa supply?
outer and middle layers of the eye
103
what does the central retinal a supply?
inner layer of retina
104
what does the ethmoidal a supply
anterior cranial fossa, nose, and sinuses
105
what does the supraorbital a supply
central region of forehead
106
what does the supratrochlear a supply
medial region of forehead
107
what does lacrimal a supply
lacrimal gland
108
what are the 4 veins of the orbit and eye
superior ophthalmic v
inferior ophthalmic v
central retinal v
vorticose vv
109
what does the vorticose vv drain into?
superior and inferior opthalmic vv
110
where does central retina v drain?
cavernous sinus
111
what does the inferior ophthalmic v anastomose with and drain to?
anastomose with facial v and drain to cavernous sinus
112
what layer does the vorticose veins drain?
choroid layer
113
what layer does the central veins drain?
the retinal layer
