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Flashcards in Brain Tumors Deck (21)
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1
Q

Brain tumors may be primary, arising from tissues within the ______, or secondary, resulting from ______.

A

Brain

Metastasis

2
Q

The most common primary brain tumors originate in ______. These tumors are called ______.

A

Astrocytes

Gliomas

3
Q

Brain tumors rarely metastasize outside of the ______.

A

CNS

4
Q

______ is a common problem. ______ are common in gliomas. Nausea and vomiting can occur from increased ______. Cognitive dysfunction, personality changes, muscle weakness, sensory losses, aphagia, and visual-spatial dysfunction are also manifestations of brain tumors

A

Headache

Seizures

ICP

5
Q

If the tumor mass obstructs the ventricles _______ can occur. Unless treated, all brain tumors were eventually cause death from increasing tumor volume leading to increased ______.

A

Hydrocephalus (can be treated with placement of a ventricular shunt)

ICP

6
Q

New onset of ______ or adult onset of ______ can be indicative of a brain tumor. ______ and ______ allows for detection a very small tumors. ______ and brain ______ are used to diagnose the location of the lesion.

A

Seizures, Migraines
MRI, PET
CT, Scanning
(the correct diagnosis can be made by obtaining tissue for histologic study which is done at time of surgery)

7
Q

Treatment goals for a brain tumor are aimed at (3)

A
  1. identifying tumor type and location
  2. removing or decreasing tumor mass
  3. preventing or managing increased ICP
8
Q

______ ______ is the preferred treatment for brain tumors.

A

Surgical removal

9
Q

_______ surgical techniques are used with greater frequency to perform a biopsy and remove small brain tumors

A

Stereotactic

10
Q

Meningiomas and oligodendrogliomas can usually be ______ removed, whereas the more invasive gliomas and medulloblastomas can be only ______ removed

A

Completely

Partially

11
Q

Surgery can ______ tumor mass, which decreases ICP, provides relief of symptoms, and extends survival time.

A

Reduce

12
Q

______ therapy is used as a follow-up measure after surgery. Cerebral edema and rapidly increasing ICP may be a complication of radiation therapy, but they can be managed with high doses of ______.

A

Radiation

Corticosteroids

13
Q

______ ______ is a method of delivering a highly concentrated dose of radiation precisely directed at a location within the brain.

A

Stereotactic radiosurgery

14
Q

The effectiveness of chemotherapy has been limited by difficulty getting drugs across the ______. Chemotherapy wafers can be implanted a time of surgery. Intrathecal administration is another method.

A

BBB

15
Q

Opening into the cranium with a drill used to remove localized fluid and blood beneath the dura

A

Burr Hole

16
Q

Opening into the cranium with removal of bone flap and opening the dura to remove a lesion, repair a damaged area, drain blood, or relieve increased ICP

A

Craniotomy

17
Q

Excision into the cranium to cut away bone flap

A

Craniectomy

18
Q

Repair of cranial defect resulting from trauma, malformation, or previous surgical procedure. Artificial material used to replace damaged or lost bone.

A

Cranioplasty

19
Q

Precise localization of a specific area of the brain using a frame or a frameless system based on three-dimensional coordinates. Procedure is used for biopsy, radiosurgery, or dissection

A

Stereotactic procedure

20
Q

Alternate pathway to redirect cerebrospinal fluid from one area to another using a to port implanted device. Examples include ventricular shunt and Ommaya reservoir

A

Shunt procedures

21
Q

Intracranial infection, hydrocephalus, brain tumors, intracranial bleeding, skull fractures, arteriovenous malformation, aneurysm repair are all indications for

A

Cranial Surgery