Breast Cancer Flashcards
(39 cards)
A method used to visualize the internal structure of the breast using x-rays is called
Mammography
Screening for breast cancer includes
- Yearly ______ starting at age 40
- Clinical breast examination (CBE) at least every ______ years between 20-30 and every ______ beginning at 40.
- Report breast ______ to health care provider. Breast self exam (BSE) is an option for women starting at age 20.
- Women at increased risk (family Hx, genetic tendency, past breast cancer) talk to provider about starting ______ screening earlier.
Mammograms
3, Year
Changes
Mammography
______ are the most easily recognized mammogram abnormality. They form for many reasons such as inflammation, trauma, and aging. They may be associated with pre-invasive cancer.
Calcifications
An ______ is recommended as a sensitive screening tool for women at high risk for breast cancer, and women whose ______ or ______ is suspicious for malignancy, or for women who have had an occult breast cancer detected by mammogram.
MRI
Mammography
Ultrasound
Biopsy techniques include ______-______ ______, ______ or ______ core biopsy, and ______ ______ biopsy.
Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA)
Stereotactic, Ultrasound
Open Surgical
______ (Breast pain) is the most common breast related complaint.
Mastalgia
The most common form is ______ mastalgia, which coincides with menstrual cycle is described as diffuse breast tenderness and tenderness or heaviness.
Cyclic
______ mastalgia has no relationship to menstrual cycle and can continue into menopause. It may be constant or intermittent throughout the month and last for several years.
Noncyclic
______ is an inflammatory condition of the breast that occurs most frequently and lactating women. ______ ______ manifests as a localized area that is erythematous, painful, and tender to palpation.
Mastitis
Lactational Mastitis
It’s lactational mastitis persists after several days of antibiotic therapy, a lactational breast ______ may have developed.
Abscess
______ changes in the breast constitutes a benign condition characterized by changes in breast tissue. (excess fibrous tissue, hyperplasia/proliferation of mammary ducts, cyst formation)
Fibrocystic
Manifestations of ______ breast changes include one or more palpable lumps that are often round, well delineated, and freely movable within the breast.
Fibrocystic
______ is a common cause of discrete benign breast lumps in young women. 15 to 40 years of age. The most frequent cause of breast masses in women under 25 years of age.
Fibroandenoma
______ is a milky secretion due to inappropriate lactation.
Galactorrhea
An intraductal ______ is a benign, soft, wartlike growth found in the mammory ducts typically below the areola causing bloody discharge from the nipple.
Pappiloma
______ ______ (duct dilation) is a benign breast disease of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women involving subareolar ducts showing inflammatory signs and multicolored sticky nipple discharge.
Ductal ectasia
______ is a transient, noninflammatory enlargement of one or both breasts, most common breast problem in men.
Gynecomastia
Risk factors for breast cancer.
Sex, Age, Family Hx, Personal Hx, Menarche, Menopause, Pregnancy, Weight, Radiation, Alcohol, Activity.
Female Over 50 years Breast cancer in a first degree relative Previous cancer Early menarche Late menopause First full-term pregnancy after age 30 Weight gain and obesity Exposure to ionizing radiation Alcohol consumption Physical inactivity
Breast cancer arises from the epithelial lining of the ducts (______ ______) or from the epithelium of the lobules (______ ______) and may be ______ ______ (within the duct) or ______ (arising from the duct)
Ductal carcinoma
Lobular carcinoma
In Situ
Invasive
Management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) includes local ______, ______ w reconstruction, breast-conserving treatment (______), ______ therapy, and/or _______ (Nolvadex).
Excision Mastectomy Lumpectomy Radiation Tamoxifen
LCIS is a risk factor for developing breast cancer but is not known to be a ______ lesion. Therefore ______ treatment is necessary.
Premalignant
No
______ disease is a rare breast malignancy characterized by a persistent lesion on the nipple and areola with or without a palpable mass.
Paget’s
______ breast cancer is the most malignant form of all breast cancers, but rare. Often described as resembling an orange peel (______ ______). Often mistaken for an infection because cancer cells block _____ channels causing inflammatory changes.
Inflammatory
Peau D’Orange
Lymph
Breast-cancer is most often in the upper outer quadrant because the location contains most of the ______ ______.
Glandular Tissue
