Building Construction Flashcards
(631 cards)
1
Q
Tilt-up concrete construction provides good fire resistance. However, if a single panel should collapse under fire conditions, such as in a building under construction, will pose _____ .
A. A minor threats to firefighters.
B. No threats to firefighters.
C. A moderate threat to firefighters.
D. A severe threat to firefighters.
A
D. A severe threat to firefighters.
2
Q
A common form of construction used with precast concrete is known as _____ . In _____ , reinforced wall panels are cast at the job site in horizontal casting beds. After the concrete has cured, the wall panels are tilted up into the vertical position by a crane. Temporary bracing is provided until the roof supports or other permanent horizontal bracing is provided.
A. Cast-in-place concrete.
B. Tilt-up construction.
C. Precast concrete.
D. Waffle construction.
A
B. Tilt-up construction. (aka Tilt-Slab construction)
3
Q
_____ is placed in forms and cured at a location other than the construction site. _____ may be produced at a plant some distance from the work site. Different structural shapes, including slabs, wall panels, and columns are transported to the job site and hoisted it into position.
A. Cast-in-place concrete.
B. Precast concrete.
C. Tilt-up construction.
D. Waffle construction.
A
B. Precast concrete.
4
Q
_____ is a common type of concrete construction which refers to concrete that is poured into forms as a liquid and assumes the shape of the form in the position and location it will be used. _____ is not moved after it has hardened.
A. Cast-in-place concrete.
B. Precast concrete.
C. Tilt-up construction.
D. Waffle construction.
A
A. Cast-in-place concrete.
5
Q
_____ represents a type of two-way slab. This method of forming concrete adds strength without extra weight. The pattern results from the placement of square forms over which the wet concrete is placed. This design provides a thicker slab while eliminating the weight of the unnecessary concrete in the bottom half of the slab.
A. Cast-in-place concrete.
B. Precast concrete.
C. Tilt-up construction.
D. Waffle construction.
A
D. Waffle construction.
6
Q
One useful point that can be kept in mind by firefighters is that plasterboard partitions while capable of:
A. Providing good to fire resistance, are relatively hard to penetrate with forcible entry tools.
B. Providing poor fire resistance, are relatively easy to penetrate forcible tools.
C. Providing good fire resistance, are relatively easy to penetrate with forcible entry tools.
D. Providing poor fire resistance, are relatively hard to penetrate forcible entry tools.
A
C. Providing good fire resistance, are relatively easy to penetrate with forcible entry tools.
7
Q
The atmosphere that would be ideal for a backdraft would be which of the following:
A. Fuel rich, oxygen-rich atmosphere.
B. Fuel poor, oxygen poor atmosphere.
C. Fuel rich, oxygen poor atmosphere.
D. Fuel poor, oxygen-rich atmosphere.
A
C. Fuel rich, oxygen poor atmosphere.
8
Q
The vertical combustible spaces between the studs in _____ construction provide a channel for the rapid communication of fire from floor to floor.
A. Platform.
B. Balloon frame.
C. Western.
D. Braced.
A
B. Balloon frame.
9
Q
With respect to structural stability, it should be noted that in general:
A. Roofs and floors are the same strength.
B. Roofs and floors are the weakest part of the building.
C. Roofs are not as strong as floors.
D. Roofs are stronger than floors.
A
C. Roofs are not as strong as floors.
10
Q
Severe deterioration of foundations will usually result in:
1) Cracked walls.
2) Sagging floors.
A. #1 is true.
B. #2 is true.
C. #1 and #2 are true.
D. #1 and #2 are false.
A
C. #1 and #2 are true.
11
Q
A well insulated building will tend to:
A. Accelerate the rate of fire growth and decrease the time to flashover.
B. Decrease the rate of fire growth and increase the time to flashover.
C. Decrease the rate of fire growth and decrease the time to flashover.
D. Increase the rate of fire growth and increase the time to flashover.
A
A. Accelerate the rate of fire growth and decrease the time to flashover.
(D. Also seems correct too? - weird practice exam question)
12
Q
There are many situations where the weight of a structure is great enough that “ordinary” footings are not sufficient to transmit the load adequately to the ground. This is usually due to soil conditions which are in adequate to support the weight of the structure. This condition requires that _____ be used to transmit the weight of the structure to bedrock or to substrata soil that is of sufficient density to support the load.
A. Underpinning.
B. Grillage.
C. Floating foundations.
D. Pilings.
A
D. Pilings.
13
Q
The type of wall that is least likely to be knocked over with a hose stream is:
A. Brick.
B. Clay tile.
C. Masonry stone.
D. Poured concrete.
A
D. Poured concrete.
14
Q
The extent to which the presence of a foam insulation in a wood framed wall will increase fire spread within the wall will depend on:
A. The combustibility of the wood in the wall.
B. The existence of an air space.
C. The height of the wall.
D. The distance between the vertical supports in the wall.
A
B. The existence of an air space.
15
Q
Cutting the steel in prestressed concrete could result in _____ .
A. Sudden failure.
B. Spalling.
C. May weaken the structure.
D. No change in the structure.
A
A. Sudden failure.
16
Q
Cutting through reinforced steel with a saw or torch is particularly dangerous in _____ concrete because the steel is not bonded to the concrete. The steel strands are stretched like giant rubber bands. If they are cut, they are likely to spring out of the concrete, injuring emergency responders.
A. Pretensioned.
B. Posttensioned.
C. Ordinary reinforced.
D. Un-ordinary reinforced.
A
B. Posttensioned.
17
Q
Cellulose fiber and shredded wood can be used as a loose insulation material. They can be treated with water soluble salts to reduce their combustibility. However, a fire in such materials will:
A. Being a flash fire.
B. Spread very quickly.
C. Spread moderately.
D. Progress in a slow smoldering manner.
A
D. Progress in a slow smoldering manner.
18
Q
Wood trusses have been developed to support floors. Would trusses are usually spaced _____ on center.
A. 16 inches.
B. 24 inches.
C. 36 inches.
D. 48 inches.
A
B. 24 inches.
19
Q
Typically, the last structural component to fail in a wood joisted masonry building is:
A. Masonry walls.
B. Roof.
C. Interior walls.
D. Girders.
A
A. Masonry walls.
20
Q
Fire resistive compartmentalization while beneficial, provides only passive fire protection. That is:
A. Can extinguish but not retard or block a fire.
B. Can block or retard a fire, but not extinguish it.
C. Can extinguish the fire only.
D. Can block or retard a fire.
A
B. Can block or retard a fire, but not extinguish it.
21
Q
Which type of slash balance moves on and open vertical channel beside or outside the window frame.
A. Spiral spring.
B. Spring.
C. Coiled tape.
D. Counterweight.
A
D. Counterweight.
22
Q
If during overhaul, smoke is coming from behind the window casing, what must you do:
A. Open up the baseboard.
B. Open the wall over the window.
C. Remove the window casing.
D. Open the wall beside the case.
A
C. Remove the window casing.
23
Q
A large horizontal structure member used to support the end of joists and beams is called.
A. Pilaster.
B. Column.
C. Lentil.
D. Girder.
A
D. Girder.
24
Q
Spalling causes concrete to:
A. Break apart.
B. Strengthen.
C. Compress.
D. Dissolve.
A
A. Break apart.
25
The roof construction of most newer mobile homes uses the _____ for structural support.
A. Header beam.
B. Lentil.
C. Shallow bowstring truss.
D. Deep bowstring truss.
C. Shallow bowstring truss.
26
Plastics are being used in newer buildings due to the saving in both cost and weight. The most prominently used plastics are polyvinylchloride and:
A. Polyvinyl dichloride.
B. Polybutylene.
C. Polyethylene.
D. Polyvinylchloride.
A. Polyvinyl dichloride.
27
Casement windows are:
A. Non-operable.
B. Fixed windows.
C. Operable only on one side.
D. Operable on one or two sides.
D. Operable on one or two sides.
28
Which type of window provides 100% ventilation... the exception is:
A. Double hung.
B. Casement.
C. Awning.
D. Hopper.
A. Double hung.
| Double hung windows are the least effective window type for ventilation purposes
29
Which of the following would NOT be considered a live load on a building:
```
A. People.
B. Furniture.
C. Vehicles.
D. Wind.
E. Seismic loads.
F. HVAC systems.
G. Weight of snow.
H. Weight of rain.
```
F. HVAC systems. (Dead load - permanent part of the building)
30
Which of the following would NOT be considered a dead load on a building:
```
A. Roofs.
B. Floor slabs.
C. Decks.
D. Interior walls.
E. Stair systems.
F. Exterior walls.
G. Columns.
H. Wind.
I. Heating plants.
J. HVAC systems.
K. Elevator hoists.
L. Pumps.
M. Water supply tanks in earthquake zones.
```
H. Wind. (Live load)
31
_____ - Weight of the structure, structural members, building components, and any other feature permanently attached to the building that is consistent and immobile. Load on a structure due to its own height and other fixed weights.
```
A. Live loads.
B. Dead loads.
C. Static loads.
D. Dynamic loads.
E. Concentrated loads.
```
B. Dead loads.
32
_____ - Force placed upon a structure by the addition of people, objects, or weather.
```
A. Live loads.
B. Dead loads.
C. Static loads.
D. Dynamic loads.
E. Concentrated loads.
```
A. Live loads.
33
_____ - Load that is applied at one point or over a small area.
```
A. Live loads.
B. Dead loads.
C. Static loads.
D. Dynamic loads.
E. Concentrated loads.
```
E. Concentrated loads.
34
_____ - Loads that are steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually.
```
A. Live loads.
B. Dead loads.
C. Static loads.
D. Dynamic loads.
E. Concentrated loads.
```
C. Static loads.
35
_____ - Loads that involve motion. They include the forces arising from wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, falling objects, as well as the addition of a moving load force to an aerial device or structure.
```
A. Live loads.
B. Dead loads.
C. Static loads.
D. Dynamic loads.
E. Concentrated loads.
```
D. Dynamic loads. (aka Shock Loading)
36
A firefighter jumping from a ladder onto a roof would be called a:
A. Shock load.
B. Repeated load.
C. Static load.
D. Live load.
A. Shock load. (aka Dynamic load or Impact load)
37
The life of a building maybe 75 to 100 years or more. Over time the forces of nature can alter the structure. These forces include... the exception is:
A. Erosion of mortar in brick walls.
B. Rust and corrosion of exposed metals.
C. Rotting of wooden structural members.
D. Broken piping.
D. Broken piping.
38
When the load-bearing capacity of the soil beneath the building is low, the footing must be large in area and a mat foundation may be used. A mat foundation is a thick slab beneath the entire area of a building. The mat foundation is made of:
A. Pilings.
B. Steel.
C. Wood.
D. Very thick concrete.
D. Very thick concrete.
39
Wood trusses have been developed to support floors. The fire resistance of unprotected wood trusses is:
A. High.
B. Low.
C. None.
D. Moderate.
C. None.
40
In sprinkled buildings of combustible construction, sprinklers are required above the ceiling when the space exceeds _____ .
A. 4 inches.
B. 6 inches.
C. 12 inches.
D. 18 inches.
B. 6 inches.
41
As in the case of the living body, the course of the fire will be greatly influenced by the way in which the building reacts to it. Of the following statements, the most correct statement is:
A. Contents will greatly influence fire behavior.
B. Configuration will greatly influence fire behavior.
C. Both contents and configuration will greatly influence fire behavior.
D. Neither contents nor configuration will greatly influence fire behavior.
C. Both contents and configuration will greatly influence fire behavior.
(Practice exam says answer B?)
(Not found in book)
42
Specific terms are used to describe the different loads placed on a building. It is important that they be understood and used correctly. Loads that are delivered in a short time with a striking or collision effect are called:
A. Dead loads.
B. Static loads.
C. Impact loads.
D. Repeated loads.
C. Impact loads. (aka Dynamic loads or Shock loads)
43
Masonry walls are used extensively for foundation walls in all types of buildings. Of the following materials used in masonry walls, the materials that usually withstands higher temperatures is:
A. Clay tile and concrete.
B. Brick and concrete.
C. Concrete block.
D. Clay tile and brick.
D. Clay tile and brick.
44
One reason concrete is widely used as a building material is that it is extremely versatile. It has been previously pointed out that concrete, which is a mixture of Portland cement, fine aggregate (sand), and coarse aggregate (stone) has a _____ compressive strength but a _____ tensile strength.
A. Low, low.
B. Low, high.
C. High, Low.
D. High, high.
C. High, Low. (Strong, week.)
| "Strong" in compression but "Weak" in tension.
45
The fire resistance of concrete blocks varies with the thickness of the blocks and the aggregate used in the concrete. The best fire resistance is obtained from concrete blocks made with:
A. Shale.
B. Crushed stone.
C. Slag.
D. Pumice.
D. Pumice.
46
Because they are combustible and because of the rapidity with which fire spreads over their surface, building codes impose stringent regulations on the use of _____ .
A. Rock wool insulation.
B. Glass wool insulation.
C. Foam insulation.
D. Cellulose fiber insulation.
C. Foam insulation.
47
Modern enclosed hoistways are designed to restrict the vertical travel of:
A. Fire and smoke.
B. Fire only.
C. Smoke only.
D. Neither fire nor smoke.
B. Fire only.
| Not found in book p.122
48
And multiple elevator hoistways, most elevator cars are equipped with side exits to allow passengers to be transferred laterally from a stalled car to a functioning car next to it. Emergency exits are designed for rescuers to get into the car and not for trapped occupants to get out of the elevator on their own. These side exits can be opened from:
A. Inside the car by rescuers with a key.
B. Inside the car by rescuers without a key.
C. Outside car by rescuers with a key.
D. Outside the car by rescuers without a key.
D. Outside the car by rescuers without a key.
(Side exits can be opened from the outside where a permanent handle is provided; Some panels are locked from the inside and cannot be opened without a special key or handle.)
49
_____ are the safest means of exit from multistory buildings.
A. Fire escapes.
B. Smokeproof towers.
C. Scissors stairs.
D. Access stairs.
B. Smokeproof towers.
50
As with any vertical opening in a building, _____ can spread fire and smoke to other floors of the building. Shaft enclosures should be constructed of fire resistant materials with access openings protected to limit fire spread.
A. Light shafts.
B. Dumbwaiter shafts.
C. Refuse chutes.
D. Pipe chase.
D. Pipe chase.
51
Stairwells are used quite often to ventilate high-rise buildings that have fixed windows. The roof hatch releases smoke and heat from the stairwell and should be:
A. Open before the fire floor is vented to stairs.
B. Opened the same time as the fire floor is vented to stairs.
C. Opened after the fire floor is vented to stairs.
D. Not vented, ventilation will take care of itself.
A. Open before the fire floor is vented to stairs.
52
Of the following parts of a window assembly, the part which is not part of the frame is:
A. Sill.
B. Side jamb.
C. Head jamb.
D. Sash.
D. Sash.
53
Of the following types of windows, which one provides the least effective area for ventilation purposes.
A. Awning.
B. Jalousie.
C. Double Hung.
D. Pivot.
C. Double Hung.
54
A modular building is built in two or more sections at the factory. As in most manufactured buildings, lightweight components are used, the components are structurally sound as long as they are not attacked by fire. Breaching of any structural member in this type of construction can promote:
A. Partial collapse.
B Slightly weaken the structural integrity.
C. Promote structural collapse.
D. Have no effect on structural integrity.
C. Promote structural collapse.
55
Double hung windows have two operating sashes and single hung windows have one operating sash. What area is available for ventilation on these two windows?
A. 25%.
B. 30%.
C. 50%.
D. 60%.
C. 50%.
56
Wood trusses have been developed to support floors. These trusses consist of three members. The exception is:
A. Flat top chord.
B. Side chord.
C. Bottom chord.
D. Web member.
B. Side chord.
57
Loads that are applied slowly and remain nearly constant are called:
A. Dead loads.
B. Static loads.
C. Live loads.
D. Concentrated loads.
B. Static loads.
58
Structural concrete usually weighs about _____ pounds per cubic foot.
A. 62.5.
B. 75.
C. 100.
D. 150.
D. 150 pounds per cubic foot.
59
A(n) _____ load is applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to the cross-section.
A. Eccentric.
B. Axial.
C. Torsional.
D. Compression.
B. Axial.
60
A(n) _____ is a load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section. A _____, which can be either tensile or compressive, creates uniform stresses across the cross-section of the material.
A. Axial load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Torsional load.
D. Equilibrium.
A. Axial load.
61
A(n) _____ is a load that is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section. A(n) _____ creates stresses that vary across the cross-section and may be both tensile and compressive.
A. Axial load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Torsional load.
D. Equilibrium.
B. Eccentric load.
62
A(n) _____ is offset from the center of the cross-section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section. A(n) _____ produces a twisting effect that creates shear stresses in a material.
A. Axial load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Torsional load.
D. Equilibrium.
C. Torsional load.
63
Both the individual structural members and the building as a whole must resist all the various applied loads. When the support provided by a structural system is equal to the applied loads, a condition known as _____ exists. A building collapses - or partially collapses - when the applied loads exceed the ability of the structural system to support them. The collapse represents a loss of _____ . In a sense, when the building becomes a pile of debris on the ground, _____ is reestablished.
A. Axial load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Torsional load.
D. Equilibrium.
D. Equilibrium.
64
_____ can also be classified as axial, eccentric, or torsional according to the manner in which they are applied. These different loads create different stresses within the material.
A. Exterior loads.
B. Interior forces.
C. Kinetic energy.
D. Seismic forces.
A. Exterior loads.
65
Exterior loads can create different kinds of _____ in materials. The _____ - tension, compression, or sheer - are classified according to the direction in which they occur in the material.
A. Exterior loads.
B. Interior forces.
C. Kinetic energy.
D. Seismic forces.
B. Interior forces.
66
The interior forces are classified according to the direction in which they occur in the material. _____ tends to pull the material apart.
A. Tension.
B. Compression.
C. Shear.
D. Stress.
A. Tension.
67
The interior forces are classified according to the direction in which they occur in the material. _____ tends to squeeze the material.
A. Tension.
B. Compression.
C. Shear.
D. Stress.
B. Compression.
68
The interior forces are classified according to the direction in which they occur in the material. _____ tends to slide one plane of a material past an adjacent plane.
A. Tension.
B. Compression.
C. Shear.
D. Stress.
C. Shear.
69
The magnitude of the interior forces that occur in structural members is evaluated by a quantity known as _____ . It is a measurement of force intensity and is expressed as force units divided by the area over which the force is applied [force/area (pounds per square inch or Newtons per square meter)].
A. Tension.
B. Compression.
C. Shear.
D. Stress.
D. Stress.
70
Effects of erosion in _____ are probably more visible to the layman than in other types of building materials.
A. Steel.
B. Brick.
C. Wood.
D. Concrete.
D. Concrete.
71
A force that tends to pull material apart is called:
A. Compression.
B. Tension.
C. Shear.
D. Suppression.
B. Tension.
72
Concrete block has several classifications, including loadbearing and nonload bearing, hollow and solid. The best fire resistance is obtained from concrete blocks made with:
A. Pumice.
B. Crushed stone.
C. Gravel.
D. Cinders.
A. Pumice.
73
A well insulated building will tend to:
A. Accelerate the rate of fire growth and increase the time to flashover.
B. Decrease the rate of fire growth and decrease the time to flashover.
C. Accelerate the rate of fire growth and decrease the time to flashover.
D. Decrease the rate of fire growth and increase the time to flashover.
C. Accelerate the rate of fire growth and decrease the time to flashover.
74
Roof materials are classified as Class A, Class B, and Class C. Class A possesses the best fire retardant properties, Class C the least. For example, asphalt-asbestos felt-assembled sheets of _____ thickness have a Class A rating.
A. One ply.
B. Two ply.
C. Three ply.
D. Four ply.
D. Four ply.
75
_____ can provide adequate ceiling height over the entire floor area. However, they are subject to bending and shearing stresses. _____ are sometimes called arches and do share some features with arches.
A. Rigid frames.
B. Domes.
C. Trusses.
D. Joists.
A. Rigid frames.
76
Basically there are two types of elevators installed in modern buildings: electric traction and the electro-hydraulic. The elevator car in a traction elevator is suspended by _____ steel cables.
A. 1 or 2.
B. 2 or 3.
C. 3 to 6.
D. 4 to 6.
D. 4 to 6.
77
Elevator hoistway's are constructed of noncombustible materials sufficient to provide a fire resistive rating of one or two hours depending on building construction. Modern enclosed hoistways accomplish which of the following?
A. Fail to restrict the spread of fire but restrict the spread of smoke.
B. Restrict the spread of fire and restrict the spread of smoke.
C. Fail to restrict the spread of fire or smoke.
D. Restrict the spread of fire but fail to restrict the spread of smoke.
D. Restrict the spread of fire but fail to restrict the spread of smoke.
78
And example of a low heat release occupancy:
A. Auto assembly plants.
B. Metal stamping plants.
C. Printing plants.
D. Chemical plants.
```
B. Metal stamping plants. (LOW HEAT RELEASE)
________________________________
A. Auto assembly plants.
B. Metal stamping plants. (Low)
C. Printing plants.
D. Chemical plants. (High)
```
79
The term sash refers to the movable assembly that holds the glass elements inside the window frame. The sash is composed of... the exception is:
A. Horizontal rails.
B. Sills.
C. Vertical stiles.
D. Muntins.
B. Sills. (FALSE)
80
The type of window which has 50% of its area available for ventilation is:
A. Casement.
B. Jalousie.
C. Horizontal sliding.
D. Awning.
C. Horizontal sliding.
| Also Double hung
81
The building materials and configuration will play a significant role in the progression of the fire to flashover.
1. Those factors which tend to promote flashover include high ceilings.
2. Those factors which tend to promote flashover include small rooms or compartments.
3. Those factors which tend to promote flashover include well insulated walls or buildings.
A. 1 and 2 are correct.
B. 2 and 3 are correct.
C. 1 and 3 are correct.
D. All three are correct.
B. 2 and 3 are correct.
82
_____ are the easiest to design for:
A. Concentrated loads.
B. Dead loads.
C. Repeated loads.
D. Static loads.
B. Dead loads.
83
To the firefighter, a floor has at least three characteristics which must be taken into account during interior firefighting operations... the exception is:
A. The structural integrity of the floor under fire conditions.
B. It's ability to block the vertical spread of fire.
C. It's ability to block the horizontal spread of fire.
D. The ease with which it can be breached for purposes of drainage.
C. It's ability to block the horizontal spread of fire. (FALSE)
84
Woodframe structures are of two general types. Balloon frame and platform frame. Which of the following statements is most correct regarding platform frame construction.
A. Greater shrinkage occurs in platform frame construction.
B. Exterior wall studs are continuous from the foundation to the roof and platform frame construction.
C. Vertical combustible spaces between the studs in platform frame construction provide a channel for the rapid communication of fire from floor to floor.
D. Platform frame construction is more difficult to erect.
A. Greater shrinkage occurs in platform frame construction. (TRUE)
85
From the outside it will be difficult for a firefighter to determine visually if a building has brick bearing walls or brick veneer walls. If you see a wall with all of the brick laid on their sides, with the sides exposed, this indicates:
A. A curtain wall.
B. A load bearing wall.
C. You cannot determine the type of wall.
D. A veneer wall.
A.
C. You cannot determine the type of wall.
86
Fire resistant partitions can be constructed from a wide variety of materials. Of the following materials used in fire resistive partitions, the one which is relatively easy to penetrate with forcible entry tools is:
A. Wire lath and plaster.
B. Brick wall.
C. Concrete block.
D. Gypsum wallboard.
D. Gypsum wallboard.
87
_____ construction increases the dimensional stability of the door, provides thermal insulation, and may add fire resistance. _____ doors ate commonly used as exterior and entrance doors.
A. Solid core.
B. Metal clad.
C. Hollow core.
D. Sheet metal.
A. Solid core.
88
_____ is applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section.
A. Axial load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Twisting load.
D. Torsional load.
A. Axial load.
89
In sprinklered buildings of combustible construction, sprinklers are required above the ceiling when the space exceeds:
A. 4 inches.
B. 6 inches.
C. 18 inches.
D. 36 inches.
B. 6 inches.
90
Fire escapes are a series of steel balconies and stairs mounted on an exterior wall to provide an emergency exit. The following statements are TRUE... the exception is:
A. Solid balcony floors and stair threads are preferred because it enhances the sense of security of people using the fire escape.
B. Wall openings near fire escapes should be protected against fire.
C. Wire glass window panes can offer sufficient protection to enable occupants to clear the fire escape before fire breaks through a window.
D. Firefighters should avoid gripping the beams when climbing the vertical ladder to the roof; they should grip the rungs instead.
D. Firefighters should avoid gripping the "beams" when climbing the vertical ladder to the roof; they should grip the "rungs" instead. (FALSE - opposite is true)
91
Doors vary in design, construction, and application. The primary purpose of a door is to control access into and out of an area of separation and to prevent the weather elements from entering into a building. _____ doors provide the greatest degree of security, weather resistant, and heat insulation.
A. Bifold.
B. Hinged.
C. Sliding.
D. Revolving.
B. Hinged.
92
Roofs are frequently described by their style or shape. A _____ is used in industrial buildings to facilitate ventilation and natural lighting. It consists of alternating inclined planes if different angles similar to the shape of saw teeth.
```
A. Monitor roof.
B. Butterfly roof.
C. Arched roof.
D. Sawtooth roof.
E. Gable roof.
F. Hip roof.
G. Gambrel roof.
H. Flat roof.
I. Shed roof.
J. Mansard roof.
```
D. Sawtooth roof.
93
The simplest pitched roof is the _____ that slopes in only one direction.
```
A. Monitor roof.
B. Butterfly roof.
C. Arched roof.
D. Sawtooth roof.
E. Gable roof.
F. Hip roof.
G. Gambrel roof.
H. Flat roof.
I. Shed roof.
J. Mansard roof.
```
I. Shed roof.
94
The _____ is a very common roof style that consists of two inclined surfaces that meet at their high side to form a "ridge".
```
A. Monitor roof.
B. Butterfly roof.
C. Arched roof.
D. Sawtooth roof.
E. Gable roof.
F. Hip roof.
G. Gambrel roof.
H. Flat roof.
I. Shed roof.
J. Mansard roof.
```
E. Gable roof.
95
The _____ slopes in four directions and has a degree of slope similar to the gable roof.
```
A. Monitor roof.
B. Butterfly roof.
C. Arched roof.
D. Sawtooth roof.
E. Gable roof.
F. Hip roof.
G. Gambrel roof.
H. Flat roof.
I. Shed roof.
J. Mansard roof.
```
F. Hip roof.
96
_____(s) slope in two directions, but there will be a break in the slope on each side. _____(s) are functional because the space created by the roof can be used as an attic or living space.
```
A. Monitor roof.
B. Butterfly roof.
C. Arched roof.
D. Sawtooth roof.
E. Gable roof.
F. Hip roof.
G. Gambrel roof.
H. Flat roof.
I. Shed roof.
J. Mansard roof.
```
G. Gambrel roof.
97
A _____ has the break in the slope of the roof on all four sides. A _____ can also be constructed with a flat deck, in which case it is sometimes known as a modern _____ or deck roof. The _____ style forms a projection beyond the building wall that creates a concealed space through which a fire can communicate. A false _____ style front is sometimes added to the front of a flat roof building as an architectural detail. Firefighters may be exposed to danger while working under these structures, which can collapse in large sections.
```
A. Monitor roof.
B. Butterfly roof.
C. Arched roof.
D. Sawtooth roof.
E. Gable roof.
F. Hip roof.
G. Gambrel roof.
H. Flat roof.
I. Shed roof.
J. Mansard roof.
```
J. Mansard roof.
98
The _____ is a roof style that slopes in two directions - basically two shed roofs that meet at their low eaves.
```
A. Monitor roof.
B. Butterfly roof.
C. Arched roof.
D. Sawtooth roof.
E. Gable roof.
F. Hip roof.
G. Gambrel roof.
H. Flat roof.
I. Shed roof.
J. Mansard roof.
```
B. Butterfly roof.
99
A _____ is designed to provide light and ventilation. _____(s) were once very commonly used on factory buildings. A raised central section of the roof extends several feet above the surrounding roof surface. The vertical sides of this _____ section, which are normally openable windows, are known as "clerestories".
```
A. Monitor roof.
B. Butterfly roof.
C. Arched roof.
D. Sawtooth roof.
E. Gable roof.
F. Hip roof.
G. Gambrel roof.
H. Flat roof.
I. Shed roof.
J. Mansard roof.
```
A. Monitor roof.
100
_____ (s) were also once commonly used on industrial buildings for light and ventilation. Ideally the glass vertical sections should face north because the northern light is more constant during the day and the glare of the sun can be avoided.
```
A. Monitor roof.
B. Butterfly roof.
C. Arched roof.
D. Sawtooth roof.
E. Gable roof.
F. Hip roof.
G. Gambrel roof.
H. Flat roof.
I. Shed roof.
J. Mansard roof.
```
D. Sawtooth roof.
101
A/an _____ is applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section.
A. Axial load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Torsional load.
D. Offset load.
A. Axial load.
102
Concrete has good resistance to fire and heat. However, spalling of concrete can occur when is it exposed to extremely high temperatures. Effects of erosion in _____ are probably more visible to the layman than any other types of building materials.
A. Wood.
B. Stone.
C. Brick.
D. Concrete.
D. Concrete.
103
To the firefighter, a floor has at least three characteristics which must be taken into account during interior firefighting operations. All of the following are characteristics which must be taken into account... the exception is:
A. The flame spread rating of the floor under fire conditions.
B. The fire resistance rating of the floor under fire conditions.
C. It's ability to block the vertical spread of fire.
D. The ease with which it can be breached for the purpose of drainage.
A. The flame spread rating of the floor under fire conditions. (FALSE)
104
When a wall is used to provide structural support, it is termed "load bearing". Masonry buildings, either ordinary or mill, utilize load-bearing walls as the primary structural support. The interior walls may or may not be loadbearing. When the structural frame is used for the primary support, the exterior walls provide only the buildings enclosure and are termed curtain or panel walls. The following statement is TRUE regarding exterior walls.
A. Masonry wall of various type provide a fire resistance of 1/2 to 1 1/2 hours.
B. Total collapse of a masonry building is possible if it becomes heavily involved in fire.
C. Collapse of masonry walls is possible during a fire, they are typically the first structural component to fail in a wood-joisted masonry building.
D. If a masonry wall is otherwise structurally sound, that is, it has not been underminded or weekend, collapse during a fire will usually occur as a result of forces exerted against the wall by collapsing exterior components.
B. Total collapse of a masonry building is possible if it becomes heavily involved in fire.
(TRUE as written in p.249 - original practice exam read - "B. Collapse of a masonry wall that is otherwise structurally sound will usually take place only as a result of heavy fire involvement." - I didn't agree with the wording used.
-----------------------------------------
A. Masonry wall of various type provide a fire resistance of "1/2 to 1 1/2 hours". (FALSE - 2 to 4 hours or more)
C. Collapse of masonry walls is possible during a fire, they are typically the "first" structural component to fail in a wood-joisted masonry building. (FALSE - last)
D. If a masonry wall is otherwise structurally sound, that is, it has not been underminded or weekend, collapse during a fire will usually occur as a result of forces exerted against the wall by collapsing "exterior" components. (FALSE - interior)
105
Concrete block has several classifications, including load bearing and non-loadbearing. The following statements regarding concrete block are FALSE... the exception is:
A. A concrete block that has a cross-sectional area, 50% of which is solid material, is classified as solid block.
B. The best fire resistance is obtained from concrete block made with pumice.
C. The fire resistance of concrete blocks does not vary with the thickness of the block.
D. The fire resistance of concrete blocks does not vary with the aggregate used in the concrete.
B. The best fire resistance is obtained from concrete block made with pumice. (TRUE)
106
Stairways can be broadly classified as interior or exterior stairs. A scissor stair is described as:
A. Stairs whose stringers extend in a straight line from floor to floor.
B. The function is to provide access to another floor when a single tenant occupies more than one floor of a building.
C. Stairs that have an intermediate platform between floors and reverse direction at that point.
D. Two sets of stairs constructed in a common stair shaft.
D. Two sets of stairs constructed in a common stair shaft. (Scissor stairs)
-----------------------------------------
A. Stairs whose stringers extend in a straight line from floor to floor. (Straight-Run stairs)
B. The function is to provide access to another floor when a single tenant occupies more than one floor of a building. (? Convenience stairs ?)
C. Stairs that have an intermediate platform between floors and reverse direction at that point. (Return stairs)
107
_____ extend in a straight line for their entire length. Landings may be found, breaking up the stairs' vertical travel at intervals specified by codes.
```
A. Straight-run stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Scissor stairs.
D. Circular stairs.
E. Folding stairs.
F. Spiral stairs.
```
A. Straight-run stairs.
108
_____ have an intermediate landing between floors and reverse direction at that point. _____ may have more than one landing where the height between floors is greater than normal. This type of stair design is common in modern construction.
```
A. Straight-run stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Scissor stairs.
D. Circular stairs.
E. Folding stairs.
F. Spiral stairs.
```
B. Return stairs.
109
_____ are two separate sets of stairs constructed in a common shaft. They are less expensive to build than two separate stair enclosures and also use less floorspace.
```
A. Straight-run stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Scissor stairs.
D. Circular stairs.
E. Folding stairs.
F. Spiral stairs.
```
C. Scissor stairs.
110
_____ are often found as grand stairs or convenience stairs serving only two levels. The minimum width of the run is usually 10 inches. A special requirement for _____ is that the small radius is not less than twice the width of the stairway.
```
A. Straight-run stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Scissor stairs.
D. Circular stairs.
E. Folding stairs.
F. Spiral stairs.
```
D. Circular stairs.
111
_____ are typically found in dwellings where they are used to provide access to an attic space that does not have a permanent access stair.
```
A. Straight-run stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Scissor stairs.
D. Circular stairs.
E. Folding stairs.
F. Spiral stairs.
```
E. Folding stairs.
112
This type of stair design allows stairs to be placed in a very small space. _____ consist of a series of steps spiraling around a single column. Each thread is tampered and connects to the column at the thread's narrow end.
```
A. Straight-run stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Scissor stairs.
D. Circular stairs.
E. Folding stairs.
F. Spiral stairs.
```
F. Spiral stairs.
113
_____ is the term used for the safe, continuous path of travel from any point in a structure to a public way; _____ is composed of three parts: the exit access, the exit, and the exit discharge.
```
A. Means of egress.
B. Convenience stair.
C. Protected stairs enclosure.
D. Fire escape.
E. Smoke proof enclosure.
```
A. Means of egress.
114
_____ is the term used for the stair that usually connects two floors in a multistory building.
```
A. Means of egress.
B. Convenience stair.
C. Protected stairs enclosure.
D. Fire escape.
E. Smoke proof enclosure.
```
B. Convenience stair.
115
_____ is the term used for stairs with code required fire rated enclosure construction. Intended to protect occupants as they make their way through the stair enclosure.
```
A. Means of egress.
B. Convenience stair.
C. Protected stairs enclosure.
D. Fire escape.
E. Smoke proof enclosure.
```
C. Protected stairs enclosure.
116
_____ - Means of escaping from a building in case of a fire; usually an interior or exterior stairway or slide independently supported and made of fire resistant materials.
```
A. Means of egress.
B. Convenience stair.
C. Protected stairs enclosure.
D. Fire escape.
E. Smoke proof enclosure.
```
D. Fire escape.
117
_____ - Traditional term for an exterior stair, frequently incorporating a movable section, usually of noncombustible construction that is intended as an emergency exit. It is usually supported by hangers installed in the exterior wall of the building.
```
A. Means of egress.
B. Convenience stair.
C. Protected stairs enclosure.
D. Fire escape.
E. Smoke proof enclosure.
```
D. Fire escape.
118
_____ is the term used for stairways that are designed to limit the penetration of smoke, heat, and toxic gases from a fire on a floor of a building into the stairway and that serve as part of a means of egress.
```
A. Means of egress.
B. Convenience stair.
C. Protected stairs enclosure.
D. Fire escape.
E. Smoke proof enclosure.
```
E. Smoke proof enclosure.
119
The term _____ applies to a single layer of brick or similar material that covers an opening in a wall. It is designed so the covering can easily be breached for access into a building.
A. Access panels.
B. Hatches.
C. Windowless windows.
D. Skylights.
C. Windowless windows.
(According to practice exam; p354 sts "Emergency access openings are typically required on a minimum of two sides of upper floors of these buildings." No mention of "windowless windows"?)
120
Smoke and heat vents, sometimes referred to as fire vents, provide for the ventilation of modern buildings in case of fire. In example of a high heat release occupancy is:
A. Metal stamping plant.
B. Printing plants.
C. Chemical plants.
D. Automobile assembly plants.
```
C. Chemical plants. (HIGH HEAT RELEASE)
________________________________
A. Metal stamping plant. (Low)
B. Printing plants.
C. Chemical plants. (High)
D. Automobile assembly plants.
```
121
A complete window unit consists of a frame, one or more sashes, and all necessary hardware to make a complete operating unit. All of the following are parts of the sash... the exception is:
A. Horizontal rails.
B. Vertical stiles.
C. Muntins.
D. Side jamb.
D. Side jamb.
122
Which type of window balance moves on an open vertical channel beside or outside the window frame?
A. Counterweight.
B. Coiled tape.
C. Spring.
D. Spiral spring.
A. Counterweight.
123
Different types of windows have different percentages of window area open for ventilation. Which of the following windows permits a maximum of 50% of its area available for ventilation?
A. Casement window.
B. Jalousie window.
C. Awning window.
D. Single hung window.
```
D. Single hung window. (50%)
________________________________
A. Casement window. (100%)
B. Jalousie window. (nearly 100%)
C. Awning window. (100%)
D. Single hung window. (50%)
E. Double hung (50 or 100% depending on the style - hinged or sliding only)
F. Sliding windows. (50%)
G. Fixed window (0%)
H. Picture window (0%)
```
124
Different types of windows have different percentages of window area open for ventilation. Which of the following windows permits a maximum of 100% of this area available for ventilation?
```
A. Single hung window.
B. Double hung window.
C. Casement window.
D. Fix window.
E. Picture window.
F. Sliding window.
```
```
C. Casement window. (100%)
________________________________
Also:
Awning window = 100%
Jalousie or Louvered window = nearly 100%
________________________________
A. Single hung window. (50%)
B. Double hung window. (50%)
C. Casement window. (100%)
D. Fix window. (0%)
E. Picture window. (0%)
F. Sliding window. (50%)
```
125
The roof construction of most newer mobile homes uses the _____ for structural support.
A. Triangular Warren truss.
B. Shallow bowstring truss.
C. Inverted queen post truss.
D. K truss.
B. Shallow bowstring truss.
126
An unprotected, noncombustible building cannot be expected to provide structural stability under fire conditions. Firefighters should anticipate failure of unprotected steel from the heat of burning contents. The point at which unprotected members will fail, however, will depend on the following factors... the exception is:
A. Ceiling height of the building.
B. Interior finish.
C. Size/Dimensions of the unprotected steel members.
D. Intensity and duration of the exposing fire.
B. Interior finish. (FALSE)
127
A _____ load is a load which is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section.
A. Axial.
B. Torsional.
C. Eccentric.
D. Dynamic.
C. Eccentric.
128
The fire resistance of a masonry wall depends on the type of masonry units used and the thickness of the wall. When exposed to a fire, _____ may have little fire resistance and may spall and crumble.
A. Hollow concrete blocks.
B. Lightweight concrete blocks.
C. Fire rated masonry units.
D. Bricks.
A. Hollow concrete blocks.
129
A wood-frame building can be provided with an external facing of brick. Brick veneer construction provides the architectural style of brick at less cost than a full masonry wall. The brick veneer does:
A. Contain the fire.
B. Add to the insulating value of the wall.
C. Add to the stability of the wall.
D. Add to the fire load of the wall.
B. Add to the insulating value of the wall. (TRUE)
130
Pitched roofs have inclined surfaces. Pitched roofs are designed in a number of styles that are determined by climate, function, and aesthetic considerations. The _____ slopes in four directions and will have a degree of slope similar to the gable roof.
A. Gambrel roof.
B. Shed roof.
C. Hip roof.
D. Mansard roof.
C. Hip roof.
131
_____ are usually found on industrial buildings. The design maximizes natural light and ventilation. Ideally, the inclined faces of the individual sections should face north because the northern light is more consistent during the day, and the glare of the sun can be avoided.
A. Monitor roofs.
B. Butterfly roofs.
C. Gambrel roofs.
D. Sawtooth roofs.
D. Sawtooth roofs.
132
Roof coverings that pass the required test procedures are classified based on the severity of the fire that the material can withstand. _____ roof coverings are effective against severe fire exposure.
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
```
A. Class A. (Severe fire exposure)
________________________________
B. Class B. (Moderate fire exposure)
C. Class C. (Light fire exposure)
D. Class D. (No such class exists)
```
133
When _____ (s) function normally, it does not allow for movement of hose or equipment into the building. Furthermore, a crowd of people attempting to flee in an emergency cannot move through a _____ as quickly as they can through a comparable swinging door.
A. Folding doors.
B. Revolving doors.
C Sliding doors.
D. Vertical doors.
B. Revolving doors.
134
A movable window is designed in several common configurations. The movable sashes and double hung and single hung windows are held at the desirable position by balancing devices consisting of counterweights, springs, or a spring-loaded coiled tape. Which device can pose a hazard to firefighters if they fall from the windows of upper floors?
A. Counterweight.
B. Springs.
C Spring-loaded coiled tape.
D. Spiral springs.
A. Counterweight.
135
A window frame includes the members that form the perimeter of a window. The frame is composed of which of the following members?
A. Muntins.
B. Stiles.
C. Horizontal rails.
D. Side jamb.
D. Side jamb.
136
_____ are two separate sets of stairs constructed in a common shaft. They are less expensive to build than two separate stair enclosures and also use less floorspace.
A. Return stairs.
B. Circular stairs.
C. Scissor stairs.
D. Straight run stairs.
C. Scissor stairs.
137
Frequently in the analysis of fire protection, people use either the term fire load or fuel load. A distinction must be made between the structural loads discussed in this chapter and the term fire load. A fire load does not necessarily result in an equivalent structural load. For example, a toy store would have a _____ because most toys are combustible with combustible packaging.
A. Moderate structural load but a high fire load.
B. Light fire load but a large structural load.
C. Small structural load but a ordinary fire load.
D. Ordinary fire load but a large structural load.
A. Moderate structural load but a high fire load.
138
A fire load does not translate into an equivalent structural load. For example, a warehouse of Type IV (heavy-timber) construction containing iron radiators would have:
A. Moderate structural load but a high fire load.
B. Light fire load but a large structural load.
C. Small structural load but a ordinary fire load.
D. Ordinary fire load but a large structural load.
B. Light fire load but a large structural load.
139
_____ is the term used for the amount of fuel within a compartment expressed in pounds per square foot obtained by dividing the amount of fuel present by the floor area. _____ is used as a measure of the potential heat release of a fire within a compartment.
A. Structural load.
B. Fire or Fuel load.
C. Dynamic load.
D. Concentrated load.
B. Fire or Fuel load.
140
It is necessary to understand the nature of the loads that are to be evaluated. A load is defined as any effect which a structure must be designed to resist. Sources of loads such as gravity, wind, earthquakes, and soil pressure are exerted on buildings and can be classified in several ways. A _____ is usually applied to building contents, occupants, and the weight of snow or rain on a roof. Frequently, the actual weight and distribution of the contents of a building are not known exactly: therefore, building codes specify minimum _____ to be used in the design process.
A. Dead load.
B. Live load.
C. Static load.
D. Concentrated load.
B. Live load.
141
Glass is present in most buildings. Its obvious use is for windows, skylights, storefronts, and other applications where the transmission of light is desirable. As in the case with other building materials, several different types of glass are produced. _____ glass is used in windows that might be subjected to high wind forces and to exterior doors that people might walk into. _____ is produced by cooling the exterior surfaces with air while allowing the inner core to cool more slowly.
A. Heat-strengthened glass.
B. Annealed glass.
C. Tempered glass.
D. Laminated glass.
C. Tempered glass.
142
In a heavy timber design, the basic structural support is provided by a framework of beams and columns that are made of wooden timbers. In heavy timber design, the beams (except for roof beams) are not less than _____ .
```
A. 4x4.
B. 6x6.
C. 8x8.
D. 6x10.
E. 6x8.
```
```
D. 6x10. (Heavy timber beams)
________________________________
A. 4x4. (Post and Beam)
B. 6x6. (Post and Beam)
C. 8x8. (Heavy Timber columns)
D. 6x10. (Heavy Timber beams)
E. 6x8. (Heavy Timber roof beams)
```
143
In a heavy timber design, the basic structural support is provided by a framework of beams and columns that are made of wooden timbers. In heavy timber design, the roof beams are not less than _____ .
```
A. 4x4.
B. 6x6.
C. 8x8.
D. 6x10.
E. 6x8.
```
```
E. 6x8. (Heavy Timber roof beams)
________________________________
A. 4x4. (Post and Beam)
B. 6x6. (Post and Beam)
C. 8x8. (Heavy Timber columns)
D. 6x10. (Heavy Timber beams)
E. 6x8. (Heavy Timber roof beams)
```
144
In a heavy timber design, the basic structural support is provided by a framework of beams and columns that are made of wooden timbers. In heavy timber design, the columns are not less than _____ .
```
A. 4x4.
B. 6x6.
C. 8x8.
D. 6x10.
E. 6x8.
```
```
C. 8x8. (Heavy Timber columns)
________________________________
A. 4x4. (Post and Beam)
B. 6x6. (Post and Beam)
C. 8x8. (Heavy Timber columns)
D. 6x10. (Heavy Timber beams)
E. 6x8. (Heavy Timber roof beams)
```
145
Post and beam framing is a form of wood-frame construction in which the columns (termed the posts) and the beams are of dimensions less than those used in heavy-timber framing but greater than those used in light-frame construction. The posts are usually _____ or _____ inches.
A. 2x4 or 2x6
B. 4x4 or 6x6
C. 4x6 or 6x10
D. 8x8 or 6x10
```
B. 4x4 or 6x6 (Post and beam)
________________________________
A. 2x4 or 2x6 (Light wood frame studs)
B. 4x4 or 6x6 (Post and beam)
C. 4x6 or 6x10 (non existent)
D. 8x8 or 6x10 (Heavy timber)
```
146
The most popular form of wood framing is known as light wood-frame construction. The walls are formed from vertical members known as "studs" that are _____ or _____ inches.
A. 2x4 or 2x6
B. 4x4 or 6x6
C. 4x6 or 6x10
D. 8x8 or 6x10
A. 2x4 or 2x6
147
The most popular form of wood framing is known as light wood-frame construction. Light wood-framing makes use of 2 inch nominal lumber such as 2x4s or 2x8s. Wall "studs" are spaced _____ inches on center.
A. 12 or 16.
B. 16 or 24.
C. 12, 16, or 24.
D. 12, 24, or 36.
C. 12, 16, or 24.
148
Wood has been used as a basic construction material for centuries and continues to be one of the fundamental structural materials. There are several basic construction types which use would. The type of framing which results in greater vertical movement at different points is:
A. Balloon framing.
B. Platform framing.
C. Post and beam framing.
D. Heavy timber framing.
B. Platform framing.
149
When a building is constructed using a structural frame for its main structural support, the exterior wall functions only to enclose the building and is known as a curtain wall. The following statements are FALSE regarding curtain walls... the exception is:
A. Curtain walls are limited to buildings with steel frames.
B. Some curtain wall assemblies, such as those made of aluminum and glass, have a rated level of fire resistance.
C. Curtain walls that are fire resistive frequently extend from the floor of one level to the ceiling.
D. Curtain walls must also be designed to control heat loss, noise transmission, and solar radiation.
D. Curtain walls must also be designed to control heat loss, noise transmission, and solar radiation. (TRUE)
________________________________
A. Curtain walls "are limited" to buildings with steel frames. (FALSE - are not limited)
B. Some curtain wall assemblies, such as those made of aluminum and glass, "have a" rated level of fire resistance. (FALSE - have no)
C. Curtain walls "that are fire resistive" frequently extend from the floor of one level to the ceiling. (FALSE - that are not fire resistive)
150
Roofs are obviously a fundamental part of a building, and firefighters have long recognized their significance in the fire behavior of buildings. A _____ has a break in the slope of the roof on all four sides. A _____ can also be constructed with a flat deck. The _____ forms a projection beyond the building wall that creates a concealed space through which a fire can communicate.
A. Gable roof.
B. Hip roof.
C. Gambrel roof.
D. Mansard roof.
D. Mansard roof.
151
Windows can be broadly classified into fixed, movable, or a combination of fixed and movable. A _____ has side-hinged sash that is usually installed to swing outward. It may contain one or two operating sashes and can be opened fully for ventilation.
A. Casement window.
B. Awning window.
C. Jalousie window.
D. Projecting window.
A. Casement window.
152
Typical use of the classification of materials is to restrict the materials in vertical exits and exit corridors to those with low flame spreads and to permit materials with a higher flame spread rating in other areas. Materials with a ____ rating are required in the vertical exits of most occupancies.
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
A. Class A.
153
Blind hoistways, whether single or multiple, are used for express elevators that serve only upper floors of tall buildings. There will be no entrances to the shaft on floors between the main entrance and the lowest floor served. In single-car hoistways, however, access doors are provided for rescue purposes. Generally, these are found every _____ floors.
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
B. 3.
154
If a building contains ____ or fewer elevators, the code permits them to be placed in one hoistway. When ____ or more elevators are provided, there must be a minimum of two separate hoistways. However, when more than one hoistway is provided, up to ____ elevators may be located in one hoistway. This requirement minimizes the possibility that all elevator services will be eliminated by fire.
A. 2, 3, 3
B. 3, 4, 4
C. 2, 3, 4
D. 3, 4, 3
B. 3, 4, 4 (p123)
155
A(n) _____ is the vertical shaft in which the elevator car travels and includes the elevator pit. _____ (s) are required to be constructed of fire resistant materials and are equipped with fire rated door assemblies. However, some _____(s) such as those located in and atrium, are not required to be enclosed.
A. Smokeproof enclosure.
B. Smokeproof tower.
C. Elevator hoistway.
D. Blind hoistway.
C. Elevator hoistway.
156
Elevator hoistway enclosures usually are required to be a fire-rated assembly with a ___or___ hour rating, depending on the particular situation.
A. 1/2 or 1 1/2 hour.
B. 1 or 2 hour.
C. 2 or 3 hour.
D. 2 or 4 hour.
B. 1 or 2 hour.
157
_____ (s) are used for express elevators that serve the upper elevator zones in tall buildings. There will be no entrances to the hoistway on floors between the main floor and the lowest floor served. If a single-car hoistway is used, however, access doors will be provided for rescue purposes. Generally, these are placed every three floors.
A. Smokeproof enclosure.
B. Smokeproof tower.
C. Elevator hoistway.
D. Blind hoistway.
D. Blind hoistway.
158
In very tall buildings, elevators are divided into zones, with one zone serving the lower floors and another zone serving the upper floors. A zone usually serves ___to___ floors. The upper zone cars operate express from the first floor to the lowest floor of the upper zone. In some buildings, there may be more than two zones.
A. 10 to 15.
B. 10 to 20.
C. 15 to 20.
D. 20 to 30.
C. 15 to 20.
159
The term underground usually describes below grade installations that are deeper than ordinary basements. Underground facilities pose very difficult problems for firefighters; specific emergency difficulties include all of the following: but which specific difficulty is probably the greatest single challenge in controlling fires in underground buildings?
A. Access to the structure.
B. Rescue and evacuation of occupants.
C. Ventilation of heat and smoke.
D. Water supply and drainage of water from flooding or firefighting operations.
C. Ventilation of heat and smoke.
160
On large, long duration construction projects, some level of temporary fire protection must be provided. The installation of fire protection is especially critical on high-rise projects, but it is also appropriate for expansive low-rise projects such as shopping centers. The following statements are TRUE regarding temporary fire protection... the exception is:
A. Temporary fire protection most commonly takes the form of standpipes and outlets.
B. A separate temporary system can be installed, but this has the disadvantage of increasing construction costs.
C. When standpipes are installed in high-rise projects, they can be maintained wet during cold weather.
D. Workers have a tendency to try to use standpipes as a source of water for construction purposes.
C. When standpipes are installed in high-rise projects, they "can be" maintained wet during cold weather. (FALSE - cannot be)
161
It is especially important on high-rise buildings, and low-rise buildings more than three stories, that the temporary fire protection standpipe risers be extended up as construction progresses. Building and fire codes typically require that standpipes be extended before the construction reaches _____ feet above the lowest level of fire department access. The top hose outlet should be within one story of the uppermost level having a secure floor. On some projects, this may require that two standpipe risers be available so that one can be maintained in service while the contractor extends the other (this way construction won't have be delayed).
A. 10 feet.
B. 20 feet.
C. 30 feet.
D. 40 feet.
D. 40 feet.
162
Building codes usually permit the limited use of combustible materials in fire-resistive construction. Combustible materials typically are permitted for uses such as:
A. Roof coverings.
B. Columns.
C. Beams.
D. Bearing walls.
A. Roof coverings.
163
As a practical matter, building codes usually permit a limited use of combustible materials in Type I construction. A code may also allow the use of fire retardant-treated wood in roofs or interior partitions. Combustible materials typically are permitted for such uses as the following... the exception is:
```
A. Roof coverings.
B. Interior floor finishes.
C. Interior wall finishes and trims.
D. Doors and door frames.
E. Window sashes and frames.
F. Platforms.
G. Roof decks.
H. Nailing and furring strips.
I. Light transmitting plastics.
J. Foam plastics subject to restrictions.
```
G. Roof decks. (FALSE)
164
Although fire-resistive construction is desirable or even essential, it does not provide total fire protection. There are two common methods of constructing Type I fire-resistive buildings. Which of the following materials used in the construction of Type I fire-resistive buildings has no fire resistance?
A. Unprotected steel.
B. Protected steel.
C. Concrete.
D. Reinforced concrete.
A. Unprotected steel.
165
The two most common methods of constructing Type 1 buildings are by using _____ or a _____ frame.
A. Cast-in-place concrete or a Steel frame.
B. Precast concrete or a Unprotected steel frame.
C. Reinforced concrete or a Protected steel frame.
D. Ordinary concrete or Protected steel frame.
C. Reinforced concrete or a Protected steel frame.
166
Larger structural systems can be constructed from several basic structural components. The component described as "Framed structural units made of a group of triangles in one plane" is known as:
A. Arch.
B. Truss.
C. Space frame.
D. Cable.
B. Truss.
167
Solid lumber includes boards, dimension lumber, and timbers. Boards have a nominal thickness of ____ .
A. 2 inches.
B. 4 inches.
C. 6 inches.
D. 8 inches.
A. 2 inches. (or less)
168
Solid lumber includes boards, dimension lumber, and timbers. Dimension lumber has a nominal thickness of ___ to ___ inches.
A. 2 to 4 inches.
B. 4 to 6 inches.
C. 4 to 8 inches.
D. 8 to 10 inches.
A. 2 to 4 inches.
169
Solid lumber includes boards, dimension lumber, and timbers. Timbers have a nominal thickness of ____ inches or more.
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 8.
B. 5 inches. (or more)
170
Over the period of the last four decades, gypsum board has become a widely used interior finish material. Several types of gypsum board are produced for different purposes. _____ is used to eliminate the vapor barrier in outside walls.
A. Water-resistant gypsum board.
B. Type-X gypsum board.
C. Foil-backed gypsum board.
D. Coreboard.
C. Foil-backed gypsum board.
171
In some occupancies such as schools and correctional facilities, an _____ maybe used. This product is produced with a fiberglass mesh to resist impacts. _____ is indistinguishable from ordinary gypsum board, but will prove more difficult to penetrate with hand tools.
```
A. Gypsum board.
B. Impact-resistant gypsum board.
C. Type-X gypsum board.
D. Plaster.
E. Precast or Poured gypsum.
```
B. Impact-resistant gypsum board.
172
Roof decks can be constructed from multiple materials. _____ has the advantage of being "nailable", which means it is possible to nail into the material.
```
A. Gypsum board.
B. Impact-resistant gypsum board.
C. Type-X gypsum board.
D. Plaster.
E. Precast or Poured gypsum.
```
E. Precast or Poured gypsum.
173
_____ is a widely used interior finish material. Consists of a core of calcined gypsum, starch, water and other additives that are sandwiched between two paper faces.
```
A. Gypsum board.
B. Impact-resistant gypsum board.
C. Type-X gypsum board.
D. Plaster.
E. Precast or Poured gypsum.
```
A. Gypsum board. (aka: Regular gypsum board; Gypsum wallboard; Plasterboard; and Drywall)
174
_____ can be used as an insulating material either in the form of flat boards or a plaster. _____ can be used to protect both columns and beams, providing fire resistance ratings from 1 to 4 hours. _____ boards is used in multiple layers to attain higher fire resistance ratings.
```
A. Gypsum board.
B. Impact-resistant gypsum board.
C. Type-X gypsum board.
D. Plaster.
E. Gypsum.
```
E. Gypsum.
175
Where a degree of fire resistance is required, the interior finish materials most commonly used are gypsum board or _____ . _____ is not often used in modern construction because it is relatively labor-intensive.
```
A. Gypsum board.
B. Impact-resistant gypsum board.
C. Type-X gypsum board.
D. Plaster.
E. Precast or Poured gypsum.
```
D. Plaster. (aka Plaster and lathe)
176
_____ contains additives to increase its fire resistance and is usually required where a specified fire resistance is desired.
```
A. Gypsum board.
B. Impact-resistant gypsum board.
C. Type-X gypsum board.
D. Plaster.
E. Precast or Poured gypsum.
```
C. Type-X gypsum board.
177
Gypsum consists of approximately ____% entrapped water. This water content enhances gypsum's performance as a fire-insulating material. The water turns to steam upon exposure to fire and, in doing so, absorbs the heat. This process is known as "calcination".
A. 11%.
B. 16%
C. 18%
D. 21%
D. 21%
178
Thermosetting and thermoplastic are the two major types of plastics. The large variety of plastics available permits their use in many different applications. In building construction, plastics are used for such components as... the exception is:
A. Siding.
B. Floor covering.
C. Insulation.
D. Corridor partitions.
D. Corridor partitions. (FALSE)
179
Foundations are divided into two types: shallow and deep. An example of a deep foundation is:
A. A square pad of concrete.
B. Thick slab beneath the entire area of the building.
C. Piles or piers.
D. The volume of earth excavated will approximately equal the weight of the building supported.
C. Piles or piers. (Deep foundation)
________________________________
A. A square pad of concrete. (Column footing - shallow)
B. Thick slab beneath the entire area of the building. (Mat foundation - shallow)
C. Piles or piers. (Deep)
D. The volume of earth excavated will approximately equal the weight of the building supported. (Floating foundation - shallow)
180
Foundations are divided into two types: shallow and deep. A _____ foundation transfers the weight of the building to the soil at the base of the building. A _____ foundation can be used where the load-bearing ability of the soil directly under the building is adequate to support the building.
A. Shallow.
B. Deep.
C. Mat.
D. Floating.
A. Shallow.
181
Foundations are divided into two types: shallow and deep. _____ foundations penetrate the layers of soil directly under a building to reach soil at a greater depth that can support the weight of the building.
A. Shallow.
B. Deep.
C. Mat.
D. Floating.
B. Deep.
182
_____ (s) are the slabs beneath the entire area of buildings. A _____ differs from a simple floor slab in its thickness and amount of reinforcement.
A. Shallow foundation.
B. Deep foundation.
C. Mat foundation.
D. Floating foundation.
C. Mat foundation.
183
Foundation for which the volume of earth excavated will approximately equal the weight of the building supported. Thus, the total weight supported by the soil beneath the foundation remains about the same. A _____ is designed to minimize settlement.
A. Shallow foundation.
B. Deep foundation.
C. Mat foundation.
D. Floating foundation.
D. Floating foundation.
184
Shallow foundations usually make use of _____ to transmit the load to the soil. A ____ is a widened base at the bottom of a column or foundation wall. It is the part of the building that rests on the bearing soil and is wider than the foundation wall.
A. Footing.
B. Wall footing.
C. Column footing.
D. Grillage footing.
A. Footing.
185
A _____ is a continuous strip of concrete that supports a wall. _____ can take several forms, such as: Increased thickness of a floor slab at its edges (known as a monolithic floor) ; A widened strip of concrete under a wall that supports a raised floor with a crawlspace ; A widened strip of concrete under full story-high walls that create a full or partial basement.
A. Footing.
B. Wall footing.
C. Column footing.
D. Grillage footing.
B. Wall footing.
186
A _____ is a square pad of concrete that supports a call.
A. Footing.
B. Wall footing.
C. Column footing.
D. Grillage footing.
C. Column footing.
187
When a column is supporting a large load, the footing may be designed as a _____ . A _____ consists of layers of beams placed at right angles to each other and are usually encased in concrete. The beams that make up the _____ distribute the load of the column over the area of the footing.
A. Footing.
B. Wall footing.
C. Column footing.
D. Grillage footing.
D. Grillage footing.
188
Deep foundations are more costly than shallow foundations, so are used only where shallow foundations cannot be used. The foundations take the form of either piles or piers.
_____ are used to support loads, they are driven into the ground and develop their load-carrying ability either through fiction with the surrounding soil or by being driven into contact with rock or a load-bearing soil layer.
```
A. Piles.
B. Piers.
C. Belled.
D. Caisson.
E. Tie beam.
```
A. Piles.
189
Deep foundations are more costly than shallow foundations, so are used only where shallow foundations cannot be used. The foundations take the form of either piles or piers.
_____ are load-supporting members constructed by drilling or digging a shaft, and then filling the shaft with concrete.
```
A. Piles.
B. Piers.
C. Belled.
D. Caisson.
E. Tie beam.
```
B. Piers.
190
When a pier is designed with a footing, it is known as a _____ pier.
```
A. Piles.
B. Piers.
C. Belled.
D. Caisson.
E. Tie beam.
```
C. Belled.
191
Piers are sometimes referred to as _____ . More accurately, the _____ is the protective sleeve used to keep water out of the excavation for the pier.
```
A. Piles.
B. Piers.
C. Belled.
D. Caisson.
E. Tie beam.
```
D. Caisson.
192
On a steep slope, piles or piers are driven to act as vertical cantilevers to resist the lateral force of the building. The vertical elements are connected with a _____ .
```
A. Piles.
B. Piers.
C. Belled.
D. Caisson.
E. Tie beam.
```
E. Tie beam.
193
Precast concrete can be produced as slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels. Slabs can be cast in standard shapes that include solid slabs, hollow-core slabs, single tee slabs, and double Tee slabs. Tee slabs can be used for spans up to:
A. 60 feet.
B. 90 feet.
C. 120 feet.
D. 150 feet.
C. 120 feet.
194
Precast concrete can be produced as slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels. Slabs can be cast in standard shapes that include solid slabs, hollow-core slabs, single tee slabs, and double Tee slabs. Solid slabs are used for short spans up to approximately:
A. 30 feet.
B. 60 feet.
C. 120 feet.
D. 160 feet.
A. 30 feet.
195
When a masonry wall is constructed, the masonry units are laid side-by-side in a horizontal layer known as a course, and in a vertical layer known as a wythe. When bricks are used to construct a masonry wall, the bricks can be placed in various positions either for reasons of appearance or for strength. A stretcher course is created when:
A. Bricks are placed end-to-end vertically.
B. Bricks are placed vertically on end.
C. Bricks are placed end-to-end horizontally.
D. Bricks are placed horizontally on end.
C. Bricks are placed end-to-end horizontally. (Stretcher course)
196
When a masonry wall is constructed, the masonry units are laid side-by-side in a horizontal layer known as a course, and in a vertical layer known as a wythe. When bricks are used to construct a masonry wall, the bricks can be placed in various positions either for reasons of appearance or for strength. A soldier course is created when:
A. Bricks are placed end-to-end vertically.
B. Bricks are placed vertically on end.
C. Bricks are placed end-to-end horizontally.
D. Bricks are placed horizontally on end.
B. Bricks are placed vertically on end. (Soldier course)
197
When masonry units are laid side-by-side in a horizontal layer it is known as a _____ . A _____ is a horizontal layer of individual masonry units.
```
A. Course.
B. Wythe.
C. Stretcher course.
D. Soldier course.
E. Header course.
```
A. Course.
198
The horizontal courses of brick are laid on top of each other in a vertical layer known as a _____ .
A _____ is a single vertical row of multiple rows of masonry units in a wall, usually brick.
```
A. Course.
B. Wythe.
C. Stretcher course.
D. Soldier course.
E. Header course.
```
B. Wythe.
199
When bricks are used to construct a masonry wall, the bricks can be placed in various positions for appearance or strength. When bricks are placed end-to-end, they create a _____ .
```
A. Course.
B. Wythe.
C. Stretcher course.
D. Soldier course.
E. Header course.
```
C. Stretcher course.
200
When bricks are used to construct a masonry wall, the bricks can be placed in various positions for appearance or strength. If bricks are placed vertically on end, a _____ is created.
```
A. Course.
B. Wythe.
C. Stretcher course.
D. Soldier course.
E. Header course.
```
D. Soldier course.
201
Parallel wythes of brick can be bonded using a _____ every sixth course. A _____ has the ends of the bricks facing outward.
```
A. Course.
B. Wythe.
C. Stretcher course.
D. Soldier course.
E. Header course.
```
E. Header course.
202
One means of providing a horizontal bond between the wythes is to place a course of bricks across two wythes with the ends of the bricks facing out. A course of bricks laid in this manner is known as a _____ . The existence of _____ (s) in a wall is one way to identify the method of construction of a masonry wall.
```
A. Course.
B. Wythe.
C. Stretcher course.
D. Soldier course.
E. Header course.
```
E. Header course.
203
Nonreinforced masonry walls are usually limited to a maximum height of around _____ stories. These types of walls are more commonly found in structures built during the early part of the 20th century. In contemporary practice, when a building is to be more than 3 or 4 stories tall, the use of a steel or concrete structural frame is usually more economical than a erecting a nonreinforced masonry bearing wall. However, exterior masonry veneer walls may be used in combination with a steel frame multistory design and will give the appearance of a masonry bearing wall.
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 8.
B. 6 stories.
204
If a masonry wall is reinforced with steel, the required thickness can be reduced. By using reinforced masonry, it is possible to construct load-bearing masonry walls to a height of _____ stories or more having a wall thickness of only 12 inches.
A. 6.
B. 8.
C. 10.
D. 12.
C. 10 stories.
205
Openings must be provided in masonry walls for purposes such as doors and windows. Adequately supporting the weight of the masonry unit over these openings poses a problem because the mortar joints between individual bricks or blocks provide little tensile support. Support of the masonry over an opening is accomplished by... the exception is:
A. Lintels.
B. Arches.
C. Corbelling.
D. Buttress.
D. Buttress. (FALSE)
206
Lintels and, to a lesser extent _____, are the most common methods of supporting loads over openings in masonry walls. The corbelling is used only where the architectural style makes it attractive.
A. Arches.
B. Corbelling.
C. Parrapets.
D. Coping.
A. Arches.
207
A very common design of steel supported floors uses a floor of lightweight concrete having a minimum thickness of 2 inches supported by corrugated steel decking. The corrugated steel is in turn supported by open web joists. The steel joists can be supported by steel beams or directly supported on a masonry wall. The open web steel joists are produced in three categories: standard, long span, and deep long span. The standard category members have depths of 8 to 30 inches and can be used for spans up to _____ .
A. 50 feet.
B. 60 feet.
C. 70 feet.
D. 80 feet.
B. 60 feet.
208
The roof covering provides the water resistant barrier for the roof system. In addition to the roof decking, a flat roof usually consist of several component layers. The layer that protects the roof from mechanical abrasion is known as the:
A. Vapor barrier.
B. Membrane.
C. Drainage layer.
D. Wear course.
D. Wear course.
209
A revolving door is constructed with three or four sections or wings that rotate in a circular frame. Building codes require a collapsible mechanism that allows the wings to open to a "book-fold" position when the wings are pushed in opposite directions. The codes also require that _____ be provided adjacent to revolving doors.
A. Folding doors.
B. Vertical doors.
C. Swinging doors.
D. Sliding doors.
C. Swinging doors.
210
Note that in the international community the term _____ is used instead of interior finish. This term may ultimately replace interior finish in North America.
A. Interior covering.
B. Interior lining.
C. Flame spread finish.
D. Flame rate finish.
B. Interior lining.
211
The design and construction process is a serious and expensive business. Many people are involved and many decisions must be made. The erection of buildings involves several branches of engineering and all of the building trades. Foundation design falls within which of the engineering branches?
A. Civil engineering.
B. Fire protection engineering.
C. Mechanical engineering.
D. Structural engineering.
D. Structural engineering.
212
The forces on a building resulting from gravity, which were described earlier, are classified into two types, dead loads and live loads. The following are examples of live loads... the exception is:
A. Snow or rain on the roof.
B. Slabs or decks.
C. Occupants.
D. Building contents.
B. Slabs or decks. (Dead load)
213
As in the case with other building materials, several different types of glass are produced. _____ consists of two layers of glass with a transparent layer of vinyl bonded into the center. When the glass breaks, the inner core of vinyl holds the broken pieces of glass in place. This type of glass is also a good barrier to sound.
A. Annealed.
B. Tempered.
C. Laminated.
D. Heat-strengthened.
C. Laminated.
214
The forces on a building resulting from gravity, which were described earlier, are classified into two types, dead loads and live loads. The following are examples of dead loads... the exception is:
```
A. Roofs.
B. Floor slabs or decks.
C. Interior walls.
D. Stair systems.
E. Building contents.
F. Exterior walls.
G. Columns.
H. Elevator hoists.
I. Pumps.
```
E. Building contents. (Live load)
215
After erection, buildings will move either because of various unforeseen factors or because of construction defects. These movements may range from minor (and may only be cosmetically identifiable) to structurally significant. Movement which is upward in nature is referred to as:
```
A. Uniform settlement.
B. Heaving.
C. Lateral displacement.
D. Differential settlement.
E. Settlement.
```
B. Heaving.
216
After erection, buildings will move either because of various unforeseen factors or because of construction defects. These movements may range from minor (and may only be cosmetically identifiable) to structurally significant. Movement may be downward as in the case of:
```
A. Uniform settlement.
B. Heaving.
C. Lateral displacement.
D. Differential settlement.
E. Settlement.
```
E. Settlement. (two types: Uniform & Differential)
217
After erection, buildings will move either because of various unforeseen factors or because of construction defects. These movements may range from minor (and may only be cosmetically identifiable) to structurally significant. Movement may be outward as in the case of:
```
A. Uniform settlement.
B. Heaving.
C. Lateral displacement.
D. Differential settlement.
E. Settlement.
```
C. Lateral displacement.
218
After erection, buildings will move either because of various unforeseen factors or because of construction defects. These movements may range from minor (and may only be cosmetically identifiable) to structurally significant. In _____ , parts of a foundation settle at the same rate and misalignment between structural members is minor.
```
A. Uniform settlement.
B. Heaving.
C. Lateral displacement.
D. Differential settlement.
E. Settlement.
```
A. Uniform settlement.
219
After erection, buildings will move either because of various unforeseen factors or because of construction defects. These movements may range from minor (and may only be cosmetically identifiable) to structurally significant. _____ takes place when different parts of the foundation settle by different amounts. This is more troublesome because it can result in significant misalignment of structural members.
```
A. Uniform settlement.
B. Heaving.
C. Lateral displacement.
D. Differential settlement.
E. Settlement.
```
D. Differential settlement.
220
The most popular form of wood framing is known as light wood-frame construction. Light wood framing makes use of 2 inch nominal lumber such as 2x4's or 2x8's. The following statements are TRUE regarding light wood framing... the exception is:
A. In balloon frame construction, the exterior wall studs are continuous from the foundation to the roof.
B. Greater shrinkage occurs in a platform frame than in a balloon frame.
C. Greater vertical movement occurs in a platform frame than in a balloon frame.
D. A fire in a balloon frame building is generally easier to control than a fire in a platform frame building.
D. A fire in a balloon frame building is generally easier to control than a fire in a platform frame building. (FALSE)
221
There are three methods by which steel structural members can be used to support floors. These include open web joists, steel beams, and light gauge steel joists.
The open web steel joists are produced in three categories: standard, long span, and deep long span. The standard category members have depths of 8 to 30 inches and can be used for spans up to _____ .
A. 40 feet.
B. 60 feet.
C. 70 feet.
D. 80 feet.
B. 60 feet.
222
Several types of walls that are of interest to firefighters may be encountered in buildings. _____ are used to enclose vertical openings, such as stairwells, elevator shafts, and pipe chases, that extend from floor to floor in a building. The purpose of _____ is to block the vertical spread of fire through a building and, in the case of a stairwell, to protect a means of egress.
```
A. Enclosure walls.
B. Party walls.
C. Fire partitions.
D. Curtain walls.
E. Fire walls.
```
A. Enclosure walls.
223
Several types of walls that are of interest to firefighters may be encountered in buildings. _____ are interior walls used to subdivide a floor or area of a building that do not qualify as fire walls. _____ may not extend continuously through a building; They are usually erected from a floor to the underside of the floor above. They are typically not required to have as much fire resistance as a fire wall.
```
A. Enclosure walls.
B. Party walls.
C. Fire partitions.
D. Curtain walls.
E. Fire walls.
```
C. Fire partitions.
224
Several types of walls that are of interest to firefighters may be encountered in buildings. _____ are fire-rated walls with a specific degree of fire resistance, built of fire-resistant materials and usually extending from the foundation up to and through the roof of a building, that is designed to limit the spread of a fire within a structure or between adjacent structures.
```
A. Enclosure walls.
B. Party walls.
C. Fire partitions.
D. Curtain walls.
E. Fire walls.
```
E. Fire walls.
225
Several types of walls that are of interest to firefighters may be encountered in buildings. _____ are nonbearing exterior walls attached to the outside of a building with a rigid steel frame. Usually the front exterior wall of a building intended to provide a certain appearance.
```
A. Enclosure walls.
B. Party walls.
C. Fire partitions.
D. Curtain walls.
E. Fire walls.
```
D. Curtain walls.
226
Pitched roofs have inclined surfaces. Pitched roofs are designed in a number of styles that are determined by climates, function, and aesthetic considerations. The _____ slope in two directions, but there will be a break in the slope on each side. _____ are popular for residential construction because the space created under the roof can be used as an attic or living space.
A. Gambrel roofs.
B. Mansard roofs.
C. Butterfly roofs.
D. Sawtooth roofs.
A. Gambrel roofs.
227
A movable window is designed in several common configurations. A _____ window swings outward at the top or bottom and slides upward or downward in grooves. The _____ window usually is operated by a push bar that is notched to hold the window in place.
A. Awning.
B. Jalousie.
C. Projecting.
D. Pivoting.
C. Projecting.
228
Building codes make use of the flame-spread ratings of materials to establish some control over interior finishes. Typical use of the classifications of materials is to restrict the materials in vertical exits and exit corridors to those with low-flame spreads and to permit materials with a higher flame-spread in other areas. Therefore, materials with a _____ rating are required in the vertical exits of most occupancies.
A. Class D.
B. Class C.
C. Class B.
D. Class A.
D. Class A.
229
Installations with more than one elevator in a common shaft are known as multiple hoistways. A large building may contain more than one multiple hoistway, but each hoistway is limited by codes to no more than _____ elevators. The elevator cars within a given hoistway usually are not separated by any sort of wall or partition.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
D. 4
230
An explosion can be defined as an event that produces a rapid release of high-pressure gas. What distinguishes an explosion from other occurrences, such as ordinary combustion, is the speed with which the process occurs. The damage and explosion may inflict on a structure depends on the maximum pressure developed, the rate of pressure rise, the duration of the peak pressure, and the strength of the confining or restrict instructor. The following statement is TRUE regarding the deflagrations.
A. Deflagrations are explosions in which the combustion proceeds through the medium at a speed greater than the speed of sound.
B. Deflagrations impart a much greater impact on structural members than detonations and caused greater damage.
C. Explosion venting is designed to quickly relieve the pressure produced by a deflagration before it causes excessive damage.
D. It usually is not practical to attempt to design buildings to limit the amount of damage that can be caused by a deflagration because of the speed with which they occur.
C. Explosion venting is designed to quickly relieve the pressure produced by a deflagration before it causes excessive damage. (TRUE)
________________________________
A. "Deflagrations" are explosions in which the combustion proceeds through the medium at a speed greater than the speed of sound. (FALSE - detonation)
B. "Deflagrations" impart a much greater impact on structural members than "detonations" and caused greater damage. (FALSE - opposite)
D. It usually is not practical to attempt to design buildings to limit the amount of damage that can be caused by a deflagration because of the speed with which they occur. (FALSE)
231
Experienced firefighters understand the fundamental need to ventilate the products of combustion to the outside by the shortest and fastest means. In addressing the problem of smoke movement in buildings, two terms are encountered - smoke management and smoke control. Which of the following is an example of smoke control?
A. Smoke vents.
B. Mechanical fans.
C. Smoke shafts.
D. Compartmentation.
B. Mechanical fans. (Smoke control)
232
_____ means the use of mechanical equipment to produce pressure differences across smoke barriers to inhibit, limit, or direct smoke movement.
A. Smoke management.
B. Smoke control.
C. Smoke filtration.
D. Smoke pressurization.
B. Smoke control.
233
In 1990, the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law. Title III of the act requires that public facilities be accessible to persons with disabilities. To provide accessibility for disabled individuals, the Act requires the removal of architectural barriers. Drinking fountains must be designed so that the spout is no more than _____ above the floor so that it is accessible to a person and a wheelchair.
A. 24 inches.
B. 30 inches.
C. 36 inches.
D. 42 inches.
C. 36 inches.
234
In 1990, the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law. Title III of the act requires that public facilities be accessible to persons with disabilities. To provide accessibility for disabled individuals, the Act requires the removal of architectural barriers. For example, manual fire alarm stations must be not more than _____ and not less than _____ above the floor level so they can be reached from a wheelchair.
A. 4 feet - 2 feet.
B. 4 1/2 feet - 3 1/2 feet.
C. 3 1/2 feet - 2 1/2 feet.
D. 4 feet - 3 feet.
B. 4 1/2 feet - 3 1/2 feet.
235
A _____ is a structural member that can carry loads perpendicular to its longitudinal dimension. Larger structural systems can be constructed from several basic structural components. _____ can be made of wood, steel, or reinforced concrete. The primary design consideration of _____ is their ability to resist bending resulting from the applied loads.
A. Columns.
B. Trusses.
C. Beams.
D. Arches.
C. Beams.
236
_____ is a structural member subjected to loads, usually vertical, perpendicular to its length.
```
A. Beams.
B. Columns.
C. Arches.
D. Cables.
E. Trusses.
F. Space frames.
G. Connectors.
```
A. Beams.
237
_____ are vertical supporting members, designed to support an axial compressive load.
```
A. Beams.
B. Columns.
C. Arches.
D. Cables.
E. Trusses.
F. Space frames.
G. Connectors.
```
B. Columns.
238
_____ are curved structural members in which the interior stresses are primarily compressive. They produce incline forces at there end supports, which the supports must resist. _____ are used to carry loads across a distance and have application as support for roofs and entrances in masonry buildings.
```
A. Beams.
B. Columns.
C. Arches.
D. Cables.
E. Trusses.
F. Space frames.
G. Connectors.
```
C. Arches.
239
_____ can be thought of as flexible structural members that can be used to support roofs, brace tents, and restrain pneumatic structures. Although _____ can be used in applications where they are essentially straight, some used to support loads over a distance will assume the shape of a "parabola". The stresses in _____ are tension stresses.
```
A. Beams.
B. Columns.
C. Arches.
D. Cables.
E. Trusses.
F. Space frames.
G. Connectors.
```
D. Cables.
240
_____ are framed structural units made up of a group of triangles in one plane.
```
A. Beams.
B. Columns.
C. Arches.
D. Cables.
E. Trusses.
F. Space frames.
G. Connectors.
```
E. Trusses.
241
_____ are truss structures that are developed in three dimension. They offer many of the advantages of two-dimensional in terms of economic use of material. They are well-suited to support uniformly distributed loads. The design is more complicated than with two-dimensional trusses because the forces must be analyzed in three dimensions.
```
A. Beams.
B. Columns.
C. Arches.
D. Cables.
E. Trusses.
F. Space frames.
G. Connectors.
```
F. Space frames.
242
The _____ in truss assemblies are a critical part of the trust. Depending on the materials in which the truss is constructed, _____ can be of different means and materials including: pins, bolts, gusset plates, adhesives, brackets, metal straps, rivets, or welds. Failure of the _____ will result in failure of the truss.
```
A. Beams.
B. Columns.
C. Arches.
D. Cables.
E. Trusses.
F. Space frames.
G. Connectors.
```
G. Connectors.
243
Over the period of the last four decades, gypsum board has become a widely used interior finish material. Several types of gypsum board are produced for different purposes. _____ used in fire rated assemblies is produced with glass fibers, which act as reinforcing. The glass fibers provide tensile strength for the inner gypsum core and prevent its deterioration when exposed to fire.
A. Water-resistant gypsum board.
B. Coreboard.
C. Foil-backed gypsum board.
D. Type-X gypsum board.
D. Type-X gypsum board.
244
The type of foundation required depends on the type of building and the soil conditions at the site. For example, a small garage or shed requires only a simple foundation, high-rise buildings require a foundation that extends 100 feet or more. In some cases where soil strength is low, a type of foundation known as _____ maybe used. With a _____, the volume of earth excavated will approximately equal the weight of the building supported. By this means, the total weight supported by the soil beneath the foundation remains the same and settlement is minimized.
A. Mat foundation.
B. Floating foundation.
C. Deep foundation.
D. Shallow foundation.
B. Floating foundation.
245
Masonry be used for a variety of purposes in architecture including primary decorative function, such as masonry fence or stonework trim. Masonry can be used to construct bearing walls, that provide the basic structural support of a building, or it can be used for non-loadbearing curtainwalls or partition walls. All of the following materials can be used for load-bearing walls... the exception is:
A. Brick.
B. Concrete block.
C. Combination of brick and block.
D. Gypsum block and lightweight concrete block.
D. Gypsum block and lightweight concrete block. (FALSE)
246
Some building occupancies, such as hospitals and laboratories, require extensive mechanical equipment above the ceiling. Such a design is known as an interstitial ceiling space. The following statements are FALSE regarding interstitial ceiling space... exception is:
A. The space within this area is not high enough for a person to stand upright and walk through.
B. The amount of combustibles in an interstitial space is usually high.
C. Over a period of time, combustible materials may accumulate in the space.
D. In fire-resistive buildings automatic sprinklers usually are provided in the space.
C. Over a period of time, combustible materials may accumulate in the space. (TRUE)
247
_____ are the inclined to joists used to support some types of pitched roofs. _____ are the usual supports used in shed, cable, hip, gambrel, and mansard style roofs.
A. Rafters.
B. Joists.
C. Beams.
D. Girders.
A. Rafters.
248
There are a number of design options regarding fire doors. A _____ is motor driven and requires electrical power for operation. A signal from a smoke detector or fire alarm system initiates the door closing. A battery powers the motor if the regular power supplies interrupted. This type of door is frequently used where a fire rated partition is required, and the designer does not wish to provide a fixed wall to create an unobstructed floor plan. An example of this would be a corridor separation in the lobby of a health care facility.
A. Swinging fire door.
B. Horizontal sliding fire door.
C. Horizontal folding fire door.
D. Overhead rolling steel fire door.
C. Horizontal folding fire door.
249
The following statements are FALSE in regards to explosions... the exception is:
A. It is usually not practical to attempt to design buildings to limit the amount of damage that can be caused by a detonation because of the speed with which they occur.
B. Detonations are explosions in which the combustion proceeds through the medium at a speed less than the speed of sound.
C. Explosion venting is designed to quickly relieve the pressure produced by a detonation before it causes excessive damage.
D. Deflagrations impart a much greater impact on structural members than detonations and caused greater damage.
C. Explosion venting is designed to quickly relieve the pressure produced by a detonation before it causes excessive damage. (TRUE)
250
To prevent the recirculation of smoke through the HVAC system to facilitate exhausting the smoke, the system can be switched from its normal operating mode to fire mode. The transfer from normal operating mode to fire mode can be accomplished either automatically or manually. Which of the following statements is an advantage of a manual smoke control system?
A. Provision must be made for the situation in which smoke detectors operate in more than one zone.
B. Elimination of system distribution due to false alarms.
C. The automatic control should take priority over the manual control.
D. Manual smoke control is relatively fast and will be activated during nighttime hours when occupants may be asleep.
B. Elimination of system distribution due to false alarms.
251
_____ are constructed of interlocking steel slates with other operating components including a releasing device, governor, counterbalance mechanism, and wall guides. Ordinarily closes under the force of gravity when a fusible link melts but motor driven doors are also available. Often used to protect an opening in a firewall in industrial occupancies.
_____ can also create dangerous conditions for firefighters including: being struck by the overhead closing door; trapping firefighters; restrict water through pinched hoselines.
A. Rolling steel fire doors.
B. Horizontal sliding fire doors.
C. Swinging fire doors.
D. Horizontal folding fire doors.
A. Rolling steel fire doors.
252
_____ are often found in older industrial buildings. These doors are usually held open by fusible link and slide into position along a track either by gravity or by the force of a counterweight.
A. Rolling steel fire doors.
B. Horizontal sliding fire doors.
C. Swinging fire doors.
D. Horizontal folding fire doors.
B. Horizontal sliding fire doors.
253
_____ are very common doors for such applications as stairwell enclosures and corridors. Although _____ has the disadvantage of requiring a clear space around the door to ensure closure, it is a good choice where the door is frequently closed and provision must be made for pedestrian traffic. They are required to swing in the direction of exit travel. Available with ratings of 3 hours to 20 minutes.
A. Rolling steel fire doors.
B. Horizontal sliding fire doors.
C. Swinging fire doors.
D. Horizontal folding fire doors.
C. Swinging fire doors.
254
_____ are frequently used where a fire rated partition is required and the designer does not wish to provide a fixed wall to create an unobstructed floor plan. These doors are motor driven and require electrical power for operation. A signal from a smoke detector or fire alarm initiates the door closing. A battery power back-up is used if the regular power supply is interrupted.
A. Rolling steel fire doors.
B. Horizontal sliding fire doors.
C. Swinging fire doors.
D. Horizontal folding fire doors.
D. Horizontal folding fire doors.
255
A fire load does not necessarily result in an equivalent structural load. A toy store would have a _____ structural load but a _____ fire load because most toys are combustible with combustible packaging.
A. Moderate, high.
B. High, moderate.
C. Moderate, low.
D. Low, moderate.
A. Moderate, high.
256
In Type I or fire-resistive construction, the structural members are of noncombustible materials that have a specified fire resistance. Generally, bearing walls, columns, and beams are required to have a fire resistance of:
A. 0 or 1 hours.
B. 1 or 2 hours.
C. 2 or 3 hours.
D. 3 or 4 hours.
D. 3 or 4 hours.
| Book gives conflicting info, 2-4 hours also acceptable p55
257
In the fields of fire protection and building code enforcement, buildings are grouped into five major classifications. Type I would be considered:
```
A. Fire-resistive.
B. Noncombustible or protected noncombustible.
C. Exterior protected (masonry).
D. Heavy timber.
E. Wood frame.
```
A. Fire-resistive.
258
In the fields of fire protection and building code enforcement, buildings are grouped into five major classifications. Type II would be considered:
```
A. Fire-resistive.
B. Noncombustible or protected noncombustible.
C. Exterior protected (masonry).
D. Heavy timber.
E. Wood frame.
```
B. Noncombustible or protected noncombustible.
259
In the fields of fire protection and building code enforcement, buildings are grouped into five major classifications. Type III would be considered:
```
A. Fire-resistive.
B. Noncombustible or protected noncombustible.
C. Exterior protected (masonry).
D. Heavy timber.
E. Wood frame.
```
C. Exterior protected (masonry).
| Often referred to as "ordinary construction"
260
In the fields of fire protection and building code enforcement, buildings are grouped into five major classifications. Type IV would be considered:
```
A. Fire-resistive.
B. Noncombustible or protected noncombustible.
C. Exterior protected (masonry).
D. Heavy timber.
E. Wood frame.
```
D. Heavy timber.
261
In the fields of fire protection and building code enforcement, buildings are grouped into five major classifications. Type V would be considered:
```
A. Fire-resistive.
B. Noncombustible or protected noncombustible.
C. Exterior protected (masonry).
D. Heavy timber.
E. Wood frame.
```
E. Wood frame.
262
NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, details the requirements for each of the classifications and subclassification. In NFPA 220, each classification is designated by a three digit code number. For example, Type I construction can be either 4-4-3 or 3-3-2. The first digit refers to the fire-resistance rating (in hours) of:
A. Exterior bearing walls.
B. Structural frames or columns and girders that support loads of more than one floor.
C. Floor construction.
D. Roof construction.
```
A. Exterior bearing walls. (1st digit)
________________________________
B. Structural frames or columns and girders that support loads of more than one floor. (2nd digit)
C. Floor construction. (3rd digit)
D. Roof construction. (FALSE)
```
263
NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, details the requirements for each of the classifications and subclassification. In NFPA 220, each classification is designated by a three digit code number. For example, Type I construction can be either 4-4-3 or 3-3-2. The second digit refers to the fire-resistance rating (in hours) of:
A. Exterior bearing walls.
B. Structural frames or columns and girders that support loads of more than one floor.
C. Floor construction.
D. Roof construction.
B. Structural frames or columns and girders that support loads of more than one floor. (2nd digit)
264
NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, details the requirements for each of the classifications and subclassification. In NFPA 220, each classification is designated by a three digit code number. For example, Type I construction can be either 4-4-3 or 3-3-2. The third digit refers to the fire-resistance rating (in hours) of:
A. Exterior bearing walls.
B. Structural frames or columns and girders that support loads of more than one floor.
C. Floor construction.
D. Roof construction.
C. Floor construction. (3rd digit)
265
NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, details the requirements for each of the classifications and subclassification. In NFPA 220, each classification is designated by a three digit code number. For example, Type I construction can be either 4-4-3 or 3-3-2. The three digits refer to all of the following... the exception is:
A. Exterior bearing walls.
B. Structural frames or columns and girders that support loads of more than one floor.
C. Floor construction.
D. Roof construction.
D. Roof construction. (FALSE)
266
A fundamental fire concern with _____ construction is the combustible concealed spaces that are created between floor and ceiling joists and between studs partition walls when they are covered with interior finish materials. The spaces provide combustible paths for the communication of fire through a building. It is essential, therefore, that the concealed spaces in _____ construction be properly firestopped.
```
A. Type I.
B. Type II.
C. Type III.
D. Type IV.
E. Type V.
```
C. Type III.
267
Glass is present in most buildings. As in the case with other building materials, several different types of glass are produced. _____ is described as "About four times stronger than ordinary glass. It is used in windows that might be subject to high wind forces and to exterior doors that people might walk into. It is produced by cooling the exterior surfaces with air while allowing the inner core to cool more slowly":
A. Tempered glass.
B. Annealed glass.
C. Laminated glass.
D. Heat strengthened glass.
A. Tempered glass.
268
After erection, buildings will move either because of various unforeseen factors or because of construction defects. These movements may range from minor to structurally significant. While settlement of foundations is the most frequent building movement, lateral displacement will result in _____ movement.
A. Upward.
B. Inward.
C. Outward.
D. Downward.
C. Outward.
269
The most popular form of wood framing is known as light wood-frame construction. The two basic types of light wood framing are balloon framing and platform framing. The following statement is TRUE regarding light wood framing.
A. A fire in platform frame buildings is generally more difficult to control than one in a balloon framed building.
B. Firestopping must be provided in addition to the structural members in platform framed buildings.
C. Balloon frame buildings are easier to erect than platform frame buildings.
D. In a platform frame building, the plate installed on the top of the studs provides a fire stop that tends to block the spread of fire from floor to floor within the walls.
D. In a platform frame building, the plate installed on the top of the studs provides a fire stop that tends to block the spread of fire from floor to floor within the walls. (TRUE)
________________________________
A. A fire in "platform" frame buildings is generally more difficult to control than one in a "balloon" framed building. (FALSE)
B. Firestopping must be provided in addition to the structural members in "platform" framed buildings. (FALSE - balloon)
C. "Balloon" frame buildings are easier to erect than platform frame buildings. (FALSE - Platform)
270
The open web steel joists are produced in three categories: standard, long span, and deep long span. The standard category members have depths of 8 to _____ and can be used for spans up to 60 feet.
A. 20 inches.
B. 24 inches.
C. 30 inches.
D. 48 inches.
C. 30 inches.
271
The devices that operate fire doors are listed as door closers, door holders, and door operators. The door operator is intended for use with _____ that are mounted on either a level or incline track. This device consists of an electric operator that opens and closes the door for normal usage. A fusible link disconnects the door from the operator under fire conditions and allows it to close by means of a spring powered door closer or a system of suspended weights.
A. Swinging fire doors.
B. Horizontal folding fire doors.
C. Rolling steel fire doors.
D. Sliding fire doors.
D. Sliding fire doors. (aka Horizontal sliding doors.)
| ________________________________
272
To performance its function, a fire door must be closed when a fire occurs. Fire doors can either be automatic or self-closing. An _____ is normally held open and closes automatically under fire conditions when an operating device is activated.
A. Automatic door.
B. Self-closing door.
A. Automatic door.
273
To performance its function, a fire door must be closed when a fire occurs. Fire doors can either be automatic or self-closing. A _____ is normally closed and will return to the closed position if it is opened and released.
A. Automatic door.
B. Self-closing door.
B. Self-closing door.
274
The devices that operate fire doors include door closers, door holders, and door operators. _____ is used for either swinging or sliding fire doors. It can incorporate a hold-open devices or can be self-closing. A common hold-open _____ device used on swinging fire doors incorporates a fusible link that holds the door open and releases the door under fire conditions. Self-closing _____ are commonly used for such applications as stairwell doors and doors that separate hotel rooms from corridors. One commonly used self-closer uses a spring hinge to close the door when released.
A. Fire door closers.
B. Door holders.
C. Door operators.
A. Fire door closers. (p.174)
275
The devices that operate fire doors include door closers, door holders, and door operators. A _____ can be used with swinging, sliding, or rolling fire doors. It is intended to be used with a suitable door closer. The electromagnetic _____ can be used in conjunction with a smoke detector that releases the holder. The smoke detectors are sufficiently sensitive that the doors quickly close under fire conditions. Electromagnetic _____ are often used in healthcare occupancies where they can be released by operation of a fire alarm system.
A. Fire door closers.
B. Door holders.
C. Door operators.
B. Door holders. (p.174)
276
The devices that operate fire doors include door closers, door holders, and door operators. A _____ is intended for use with sliding fire doors that are mounted on either a level or inclined track. This device consists of an electric operator that opens and closes the door for normal use. Under fire conditions, a fusible link disconnects the door from the _____ and allows it to close by means of a spring power door closer or a system of suspended weights.
A. Fire door closers.
B. Door holders.
C. Door operators.
C. Door operators.
277
Building codes make use of the flame spread ratings of materials to establish some control over interior finishes. Typical use of the classifications of materials is to restrict the materials in vertical exits and exit corridors to _____ materials with a flame spread rating of (0 -25).
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
```
A. Class A. (0-25)
________________________________
B. Class B. (26-75)
C. Class C. (76-200)
D. Class D. (Doesn't exist)
```
278
Building codes make use of the flame spread ratings of materials to establish some control over interior finishes. Materials with a _____ rating are required in corridors that provide exit access.
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
```
B. Class B. (26-75)
________________________________
A. Class A. (0-25)
B. Class B. (26-75)
C. Class C. (76-200)
D. Class D. (Doesn't exist)
```
279
Building codes make use of the flame spread ratings of materials to establish some control over interior finishes. Rooms in occupancies, other than healthcare and assembly occupancies, would be permitted to have _____ materials. Building codes generally allow an increase in flame spread rating of interior finish materials and buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler system. The maximum flame spread rating allowed, however, is 200.
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
```
C. Class C. (76-200)
________________________________
A. Class A. (0-25)
B. Class B. (26-75)
C. Class C. (76-200)
D. Class D. (Doesn't exist)
```
280
Elevators may be controlled with either Phase I operations or Phase II operations. The following statements are TRUE regarding Phase II operations... the exception is:
A. The floor selection button is operable, while the elevator call button on the floor remains inoperable.
B. The elevator doors are required to be operable only from within the car during this phase.
C. The elevator cars emergency stop and floor selection buttons are rendered inoperable so that the car occupants who are unaware of the fire or emergency cannot stop the car anywhere but at the terminal floor.
D. The electric eye safety, which prevents the car door from closing if there is a person or smoke in the doorway, is disabled, so that the car doors can be closed and the car moved if it inadvertently stops at a smoke-filled floor.
C. The elevator cars emergency stop and floor selection buttons are rendered inoperable so that the car occupants who are unaware of the fire or emergency cannot stop the car anywhere but at the terminal floor. (FALSE - Phase I)
281
An atrium is a vertical opening usually extending through several floors of the building. In an architectural sense, an atrium can have either a roof or a ceiling or simply be open to the atmosphere. Typically requirements are that a building with an atrium be provided with a sprinkler system. Codes usually make provisions for elimination of the one hour enclosure for up to _____ when certain conditions are met.
A. 2 stories.
B. 3 stories.
C. 4 stories.
D. 5 stories.
B. 3 stories.
282
To prevent the recirculation of smoke through the HVAC system and to facilitate exhausting the smoke, the smoke control system can be switched from its normal operating mode to fire mode. The transfer from normal operating mode to fire mode can be accomplished either automatically or manually. Buildings can be designed with either dedicated (automatic) or nondedicated (manual) smoke control systems. An advantage of a nondedicated smoke control system is:
A. It takes up more space.
B. Greater system reliability because system components are more likely to receive prompt maintenance because they are in daily use.
C. It drives up building cost.
D. It is a more complex system.
B. Greater system reliability because system components are more likely to receive prompt maintenance because they are in daily use.
283
Fires frequently occur in the upper floors of high-rise construction projects. It may be necessary for use of the construction elevator to gain access to the upper floors in a high-rise project. A construction elevator is a temporary elevator usually erected on the outside of the building for use by construction workers. The following statements are TRUE regarding construction elevators... the exception is:
A. During nonworking hours an operator is not provided. It is common to find that the construction site watchman is unfamiliar with the operation of the construction elevator and will be unable to assist firefighters in its operation.
B. If a fire occurs at the very top of a construction project, it will be necessary to use stairs beyond the elevator to reach the fire. Firefighters may have to use temporary construction stairs or construction ladders to reach the fire.
C. During normal work hours, an operator is stationed on the car, and the construction elevator can be used by firefighters to reach the upper floors.
D. Material hoists may be used to transport firefighters if the construction elevator is not available.
E. It is also common to find the power to the construction elevator disconnected during non-construction hours.
D. Material hoists may be used to transport firefighters if the construction elevator is not available. (FALSE - Likewise, the scaffolding systems used during construction are also NOT designed to be used by firefighters to gain access to upper floors.)
284
When wind encounters a fixed object, it exerts a force. One of the basic forces that wind exerts on a building is negative pressure. Negative pressure is:
A. The impact of the wind on a surface.
B. The fluid effect of the wind as it moves along the surface.
C. A suction effect produced on the downwind side of the building.
D. Do to variations in the wind velocity.
C. A suction effect produced on the downwind side of the building.
________________________________
A. The impact of the wind on a surface. (Direct pressure)
B. The fluid effect of the wind as it moves along the surface. (Aerodynamic drag)
C. A suction effect produced on the downwind side of the building. (Negative pressure)
D. Do to variations in the wind velocity. (Rocking effects)
285
When air is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy. We feel this kinetic energy as wind. When the wind encounters a fixed object, it exerts a force. _____ is the impact affect the wind has on a surface. This force may be reduced by streamlining the surface encountered.
```
A. Direct pressure.
B. Aerodynamic drag.
C. Negative pressure.
D. Rocking effects.
E. Vibration.
F. Clean-off effect.
```
A. Direct pressure.
286
When air is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy. We feel this kinetic energy as wind. When the wind encounters a fixed object, it exerts a force. _____ is when wind encounters an object, it's fluid nature causes it to flow around the object. This exerts a drag effect on the object.
```
A. Direct pressure.
B. Aerodynamic drag.
C. Negative pressure.
D. Rocking effects.
E. Vibration.
F. Clean-off effect.
```
B. Aerodynamic drag.
287
When air is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy. We feel this kinetic energy as wind. When the wind encounters a fixed object, it exerts a force. _____ is a suction effect produced on the downwind side of the building resulting in an outward pressure.
```
A. Direct pressure.
B. Aerodynamic drag.
C. Negative pressure.
D. Rocking effects.
E. Vibration.
F. Clean-off effect.
```
C. Negative pressure.
288
When air is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy. We feel this kinetic energy as wind. When the wind encounters a fixed object, it exerts a force. _____ is a secondary effect of wind, it is a back-and-forth effect do to variations in the velocity of the wind.
```
A. Direct pressure.
B. Aerodynamic drag.
C. Negative pressure.
D. Rocking effects.
E. Vibration.
F. Clean-off effect.
```
D. Rocking effects.
289
When air is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy. We feel this kinetic energy as wind. When the wind encounters a fixed object, it exerts a force. _____ is a secondary effect if wind, it may happen when wind passing over a surface such as a roof causes _____ of the surface depending on the velocity of the wind and the harmonic characteristics of the surface.
```
A. Direct pressure.
B. Aerodynamic drag.
C. Negative pressure.
D. Rocking effects.
E. Vibration.
F. Clean-off effect.
```
E. Vibration.
290
When air is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy. We feel this kinetic energy as wind. When the wind encounters a fixed object, it exerts a force. _____ is a secondary effect of wind, it is the tendency of wind to dislodge objects from a building.
```
A. Direct pressure.
B. Aerodynamic drag.
C. Negative pressure.
D. Rocking effects.
E. Vibration.
F. Clean-off effect.
```
F. Clean-off effect.
291
The most common method of protecting steel is through the use of an insulating material. In older buildings, the steel column encased in 3 inches of concrete with a siliceous aggregate would have a fire-resistance rating of _____ .
A. 2 hours.
B. 3 hours.
C. 4 hours.
D. 5 hours.
C. 4 hours.
292
Open web joists are produced and are available with depths of up to 6 feet and span up to 144 feet. However, they are more frequently found with depths of less than 2 feet and spans of _____ .
A. 75 feet.
B. 60 feet.
C. 55 feet.
D. 40 feet.
D. 40 feet.
293
Steel beams are frequently used to support precast concrete slabs. A fairly recent development in construction is the use of light gauge steel joists to support flooring. The light gauge joists are produced from cold rolled steel and are available in several cross-sections. The steel joists are available with depths of 6 to 12 inches and are spaced 16 to _____ apart depending on the span and the load to be supported.
A. 24 inches.
B. 32 inches.
C. 36 inches.
D. 48 inches.
D. 48 inches.
294
When ducts for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems penetrating firewalls that have a fire-resistance rating of two hours or greater, the ducts must be equipped with fire dampers within the duct. If firewall is required to have a fire resistance of four hours _____ rated dampers must be provided.
A. 2 - 3 hour.
B. 1 - 3 hour.
C. 2 - 2 hour.
D. 1 - 4 hour.
A. 2 - 3 hour.
295
Roof decks can be constructed with a wide variety of materials. Corrugated steel used in roof decking ranges from 29 gauge, the thinnest, to 12 gauge, the thickest. The overall depth varies from 3/4 to ____ .
A. 2 inches.
B. 3 inches.
C. 4 inches.
D. 6 inches.
A. 2 inches. (p.318)
296
A movable window is designed in several common configurations. A _____ window swings outward at the top or bottom and slides upward or downward in grooves. The _____ window usually is operated by a push bar that is not notched to hold the window in place.
A. Swinging.
B. Projecting.
C. Double hung.
D. Pivoting.
B. Projecting.
297
The three common types of hoistways are single, multiple, and blind. Blind hoistways, whether single or multiple, are used for express elevators that serve only upper floors of tall buildings. In single-car hoistways, however, access doors are provided for rescue purposes. Generally, these are found every:
A. Four floors.
B. Three floors.
C. Two floors.
D. Floor.
B. Three floors.
298
Underground facilities are not built in the same way as aboveground buildings. Structural damage may occur in underground structures when a fire has been of long duration. An example of this is the failure of steel support columns in a fire in a subway station. The maximum available fire resistant protection is typically _____ ; therefore fires exceeding _____ are a serious threat.
A. 5 hours.
B. 4 hours.
C. 3 hours.
D. 2 hours.
B. 4 hours.
299
Buildings can be designed with either dedicated or nondedicated smoke control systems. A dedicated smoke control system is provided only for the purpose of smoke control. It is separate from the buildings normal HVAC system. An advantage of a dedicated smoke control system is:
A. It is a relatively simple system.
B. It adds to the building cost.
C. It takes up more space.
D. It is less likely to be maintained because it is used infrequently.
A. It is a relatively simple system.
300
A construction elevator is a temporary elevator erected on the outside of the building for use by construction workers. It is removed when the project is finished. The following statements are FALSE regarding construction elevators... the exception is:
A. Material hoists are intended only to transport material. They do not have the same safety features as a construction elevator and should never be used to transport personnel.
B. During normal working hours, an operator never stays at the car, and the construction elevator cannot be used by firefighters to reach the upper floors.
C. It is common to find a watch man who is familiar with the operation of the construction elevator, and who is willing to assist firefighters in its operation.
D. Firefighters will not be able to use temporary construction stairs or construction ladders.
A. Material hoists are intended only to transport material. They do not have the same safety features as a construction elevator and should never be used to transport personnel. (TRUE)
301
Fire load can be used as an estimate of the total potential heat release to which a building may be subjected if full involvement of all combustibles occurred. A fire load does not necessarily result and equivalent structural load. A warehouse containing cast iron radiators would have a _____ fire load but a _____ structural load due to the cast iron.
A. Large, light.
B Moderate, high.
C. High, moderate.
D. Light, large.
D. Light, large.
302
Type IV construction is commonly known as "heavy timber" construction. It is similar to Type III construction in that:
A. Concealed spaces are not permitted between structural members.
B. The exterior walls are normally of masonry construction and the interior structural members are combustible.
C. Roofs are constructed from solid or laminated wood of similar dimension.
D. Floors are constructed from solid wood of smaller dimension than that used for Type III.
B. The exterior walls are normally of masonry construction and the interior structural members are combustible. (TRUE)
________________________________
A. Concealed spaces are not permitted between structural members. (FALSE - Type IV only)
C. Roofs are constructed from solid or laminated wood of "similar" dimension. (FALSE - Type IV greater than Type III)
D. Floors are constructed from solid wood of "smaller" dimension than that used for Type III. (FALSE - greater)
303
The most recent development in protection of steel is the use of intumescent coatings. Intumescent coatings are materials that expand when exposed to heat of a fire to create an insulating barrier. These coatings can be applied in thickness of a fraction of an inch and provide fire-resistance ratings up to:
A. 4 hours.
B. 3 hours.
C. 2 hours.
D. 1 hour.
B. 3 hours.
| Not in 3rd edition p.274
304
_____ materials undergo a chemical reaction when exposed to the heat of a fire. A(n) _____ coating will char, foam, and expand when heated. The coating material will expand to 15 to 30 times its original volume. The expanded coating then acts as an insulating material to protect the steel.
A. Intumescent.
B. Mastic.
C. Spray-applied fire-resistive materials (SFRMs).
D. Gypsum.
A. Intumescent.
305
_____ coatings function in a manner similar to intumescent coatings except they are based on a more complex organic materials and their reaction to heat is more complex.
A. Intumescent.
B. Mastic.
C. Spray-applied fire-resistive materials (SFRMs).
D. Gypsum.
B. Mastic.
306
_____ coatings are applied as a paint. They have an applied thickness of 0.03 to 0.4 inches which is less than the thickness of other fire-resistant coating materials. Because they have the appearance of paint, it can be difficult to visually establish a fire-resistant coating has been applied to steal members.
A. Intumescent.
B. Mastic.
C. Spray-applied fire-resistive materials (SFRMs).
D. Gypsum.
A. Intumescent.
307
_____ are efficient and inexpensive. The most commonly used _____ are mineral fiber or expanded aggregate coatings such as vermiculite or perlite. The degree of fire-resistance provided will depend not only on the material but also on the thickness of the application.
A. Intumescent.
B. Mastic.
C. Spray-applied fire-resistive materials (SFRMs).
D. Gypsum.
C. Spray-applied fire-resistive materials (SFRMs).
308
_____ can be used as an insulating material either in a form of flat boards or a plaster. Is available as regular or type X. Regular _____ has no special additives to enhance its fire resistance, although it will provide some degree of fire protection. Type X _____ contains additives to increase its fire resistance and is usually required where is specified fire resistance is desired.
A. Intumescent.
B. Mastic.
C. Spray-applied fire-resistive materials (SFRMs).
D. Gypsum.
D. Gypsum.
309
Flame spread rating of some interior finishes, most notably wood materials, can be reduced through the use of fire retardant coatings. Different types of coatings behave in different ways. For example, the _____ expand upon exposure to heat to create a thick, puffy coating that insulates the wood surface from heat and excludes oxygen from the wood.
A. Intumescent paints.
B. Mastics.
C. Gas-forming paints.
D. Cementitous and mineral fiber coatings.
A. Intumescent paints.
310
Flame spread rating of some interior finishes, most notably wood materials, can be reduced through the use of fire retardant coatings. Different types of coatings behave in different ways. For example, the _____ coating forms a thick, noncombustible coating over the surface of the wood.
A. Intumescent paints.
B. Mastic.
C. Gas-forming paints.
D. Cementitous and mineral fiber coatings.
B. Mastic.
311
Most fire spray-applied fire-resistive materials (SFRMs) can be applied in varying thicknesses to achieve desired fire resistant ratings. The applied fireproofing can vary from 7/8 to 1 7/8 inches to produce a fire-resistance rating of:
A. 1-4 hours.
B. 2-4 hours.
C. 3-4 hours.
D. 4 hours.
A. 1-4 hours.
312
Low-density SFRMs mineral fiber materials are relatively soft and can be easily dislodged from the steel. Low-density fiber materials are not suitable for exterior use. More durable mineral fiber products with densities greater than _____ lb/cu ft. can endure conditions of limited weather exposure and high humidity such as might exist in parking facilities.
A. 20 lb/cu ft.
B. 40-80 lb/cu ft.
C. 15-50 lb/cu ft.
D. 100 lb/cu ft.
A. 20 lb/cu ft.
313
High-density SFRMs that use magnesium oxychloride have densities ranging from ____ to ____ lb/cu ft.
A. 20 lb/cu ft.
B. 40-80 lb/cu ft.
C. 15-50 lb/cu ft.
D. 100 lb/cu ft.
B. 40-80 lb/cu ft.
314
Cementitous materials are produced in various formulations. Ingredients can include Portland cement, gypsum, perlite, and vermiculite. Some manufacturers use magnesium oxychloride, or oxysulfate, calcium aluminate, phosphate, or ammonium sulfate. The cementitious materials have densities varying from ____ to ____ lb/cu ft.
A. 20 lb/cu ft.
B. 40-80 lb/cu ft.
C. 15-50 lb/cu ft.
D. 100 lb/cu ft.
C. 15-50 lb/cu ft.
315
After buildings are constructed, they will move either because of various unforeseen factors or as a result of construction defects. These movements may range from minor (and may be only cosmetically identifiable) to structurally significant. Movement it may be downward as in the case of (1)_____ , upward as in the case of (2)_____ , or outward as in the case of (3)_____ . Settlement of foundations of the most frequent building movement.
A. Heaving.
B. Lateral displacement.
C. Settlement.
D. Shoring.
1. ) C. Settlement. (Downward)
2. ) A. Heaving. (Upward)
3. ) B. Lateral displacement. (Outword)
316
After buildings are constructed, they will move either because of various unforeseen factors or as a result of construction defects. These movements may range from minor (and may be only cosmetically identifiable) to structurally significant. Movement it may be (1)_____ as in the case of settlement, (2)_____ as in the case of heaving, or (3)_____ as in the case of lateral displacement. Settlement of foundations of the most frequent building movement.
A. Inward.
B. Outward.
C. Upward.
D. Downward.
1. ) D. Downward. (Settlement)
2. ) C. Upward. (Heaving)
3. ) B. Outward. (Lateral displacement)
317
Post and beam framing is a form of wood-frame construction which columns (termed posts) and the beams are of dimensions less than those used in heavy timber framing but greater than those used in light frame construction. The post usually are spaced at 4 to 12 feet. The posts usually are a minimum of _____ inches.
A. 2x2
B. 4x4
C. 6x8
D. 10x10
B. 4x4
318
A very common design uses a floor of lightweight concrete having minimum thickness of 2 inches supported by corrugated steel decking. The corporate steel is in turn supported by open web joists. The open web steel joists are produced in three categories: standard, long span, and deep long span. The standard category members have depths of 8 to 30 inches and can be used for spans up to:
A. 100 feet.
B. 80 feet.
C. 60 feet.
D. 40 feet.
C. 60 feet.
319
When a building is constructed using a structural frame for its main structural support, the exterior wall functions only to enclose the building and is known as a curtain wall. The following statements are FALSE regarding curtain walls... the exception is:
A. Curtain walls must also be designed to control heat loss, noise transmission, and solar radiation.
B. Curtain walls are limited to buildings with steel frames.
C. Some curtain wall assemblies, such as those made of aluminum and glass, have fire resistance.
D. Curtain walls that are fire resistive frequently extend from the floor of one level to the ceiling.
A. Curtain walls must also be designed to control heat loss, noise transmission, and solar radiation. (TRUE)
________________________________
B. Curtain walls "are limited" to buildings with steel frames. (FALSE - are not limited)
C. Some curtain wall assemblies, such as those made of aluminum and glass, "have fire resistance". (FALSE - have no fire resistance)
D. Curtain walls that "are" fire resistive frequently extend from the floor of one level to the ceiling. (FALSE - are not)
320
Pitched roofs have inclined surfaces. Pitched roofs are designed in a number of styles that are determined by climate, function, and aesthetic considerations. _____ slope in two directions, but there will be a break in the slope on each side. They are popular for residential construction because the space created under the roof can be used as an added or living space.
A. Gambrel roofs.
B. Gable roofs.
C. Mansard roofs.
D. Hip roofs.
A. Gambrel roofs.
321
The term interior finish is generally applied to the materials used for the exposed surfaces of the walls and ceilings of a building. It can include _____ . Interior finish may or may not be the structural materials.
A. Draperies and curtains.
B. Countertops.
C. Wallpaper that is no thicker than 1/28 inch.
D. Ceiling tiles.
D. Ceiling tiles.
________________________________
(Interior finishes can include such materials as: plaster, gypsum wallboard, wood paneling, ceiling tiles, plastic, fiberboard, and other wall coverings.)
322
Although the letter designations that have been used to classify fire doors actually were meant to describe the type of opening for which a door is intended, the letters have historically been used to describe the door itself. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. A "Class B" is used in openings in vertical shafts such as stairwells and openings in:
A. 1 hour rated partitions.
B. 2 hour rated partitions.
C. 3 hour rated partitions.
D. 4 hour rated partitions.
B. 2 hour rated partitions.
323
Although the letter designations that have been used to classify fire doors actually were meant to describe the type of opening for which a door is intended, the letters have historically been used to describe the door itself. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. A _____ are for openings in fire walls.
```
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class D
E. Class E
```
A. Class A
324
Although the letter designations that have been used to classify fire doors actually were meant to describe the type of opening for which a door is intended, the letters have historically been used to describe the door itself. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. A _____ are for openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour-rated partitions.
```
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class D
E. Class E
```
B. Class B
325
Although the letter designations that have been used to classify fire doors actually were meant to describe the type of opening for which a door is intended, the letters have historically been used to describe the door itself. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. _____ are for openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building.
```
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class D
E. Class E
```
D. Class D
326
Although the letter designations that have been used to classify fire doors actually were meant to describe the type of opening for which a door is intended, the letters have historically been used to describe the door itself. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. _____ are openings for between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of one hour or less.
```
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class D
E. Class E
```
C. Class C
327
Although the letter designations that have been used to classify fire doors actually were meant to describe the type of opening for which a door is intended, the letters have historically been used to describe the door itself. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. _____ are for openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside.
```
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class D
E. Class E
```
E. Class E
328
_____ are often found as grand stairs or convenience stairs serving only two levels. The minimum width of the run is usually 10 inches. The differential of both the riser heights and threads widths within any flight of stairs is often limited to 3/8 inch.
A. Circular stairs.
B. Scissor stairs.
C. Return stairs.
D. Straight run stairs.
A. Circular stairs.
329
Circular Stairs VS Spiral Stairs:
1.) _____ are often found as grand stairs or convenience stairs serving only two levels. The minimum width of the run is usually 10 inches. A special requirement for these stairs is that the small radius is not less than twice the width of the stairway.
VS.
2.) _____ allows stairs to be placed in a very small space. The stairs consist of a series of steps spiraling around a single column. Each thread is tapered and connects to the column at the threads narrow end. Typically found in private homes, however, they may also be found in commercial occupancies for limited use. Difficult to transverse, may be allowed as part of the means of egress only within residences.
1.) Circular stairs
VS.
2.) Spiral stairs
330
The covered mall or simply "the shopping mall" usually consists of a building with numerous individual tenants that face a common covered pedestrian way. Codes require individual stores within a shopping mall to have _____ fire-resistant separations from each other. However, one characteristic of covered malls is that the individual storefronts are not separated from the mall itself by any type of fire resistant construction. Storefronts usually are separated from the mall only by a security gate or sliding glass doors.
A. 1 hour.
B. 2 hour.
C. 3 hour.
D. 4 hour.
A. 1 hour.
331
To prevent the recirculation of smoke through the HVAC system and to facilitate exhausting the smoke, the system can be switched from its normal operating mode to fire mode. The transfer from normal operating mode to fire mode can be accomplished either automatically or manually. The transfer of an HVAC system to the fire mode can be accomplished manually through controls provided for this purpose. An advantage to manual control is:
A. Manual control should take priority over the automatic control.
B. Limitation of system distribution due to false alarms.
C The activation of a smoke control system should be by means of the manual pull station on the building fire alarm system.
D. The FSCS, when one is provided, should have complete system monitoring and control capability.
B. Limitation of system distribution due to false alarms. (TRUE)
________________________________
A. Manual control should take priority over the automatic control. (TRUE - but not an advantage)
C The activation of a smoke control system "should be" by means of the manual pull station on the building fire alarm system. (FALSE - should not be)
D. The FSCS, when one is provided, should have complete system monitoring "and control capability".(FALSE - second part is false)
332
The design and construction process is a serious and expensive business. Many people are involved and many decisions must be made. The erection of buildings involves several branches of engineering and all the building trades. Which branch of engineering includes water supply, sanitary sewers, surveying, site preparation and excavation, roadways, and storm water drainage:
```
A. Civil engineering.
B. Structural engineering.
C. Mechanical engineering.
D. Electrical engineering.
E. Fire protection engineering.
```
A. Civil engineering.
333
The design and construction process is a serious and expensive business. Many people are involved and many decisions must be made. The erection of buildings involves several branches of engineering and all the building trades. Which branch of engineering includes determination of loads, foundation design, structural behavior, structural members, and structural erection:
```
A. Civil engineering.
B. Structural engineering.
C. Mechanical engineering.
D. Electrical engineering.
E. Fire protection engineering.
```
B. Structural engineering.
334
The design and construction process is a serious and expensive business. Many people are involved and many decisions must be made. The erection of buildings involves several branches of engineering and all the building trades. Which branch of engineering includes heating - ventilation - and air conditioning (HVAC), pumping systems, elevators, and plumbing systems:
```
A. Civil engineering.
B. Structural engineering.
C. Mechanical engineering.
D. Electrical engineering.
E. Fire protection engineering.
```
C. Mechanical engineering.
335
The design and construction process is a serious and expensive business. Many people are involved and many decisions must be made. The erection of buildings involves several branches of engineering and all the building trades. Which branch of engineering includes lighting, power, and communications:
```
A. Civil engineering.
B. Structural engineering.
C. Mechanical engineering.
D. Electrical engineering.
E. Fire protection engineering.
```
D. Electrical engineering.
336
The design and construction process is a serious and expensive business. Many people are involved and many decisions must be made. The erection of buildings involves several branches of engineering and all the building trades. Which branch of engineering includes automatic sprinklers, standpipes, fire alarm, smoke control, and code compliance:
```
A. Civil engineering.
B. Structural engineering.
C. Mechanical engineering.
D. Electrical engineering.
E. Fire protection engineering.
```
E. Fire protection engineering.
337
Several types of gypsum board are produced for different purposes. _____ is described as: "Produced with glass fibers, which acts as reinforcing. The glass fibers provide tensile strength for the inner gypsum core and prevent its deterioration when exposed to fire."
A. Gypsum backing board.
B. Coreboard.
C. Foil-backed gypsum board.
D. Type-X gypsum board.
D. Type-X gypsum board.
338
Precast concrete can be produced as slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels. Slabs can be cast in standard shapes that include solid slabs, hollow-core slabs, single-tee slabs, and double-tee slabs. Solid slabs are used for short spans up to approximately ______ .
A. 30 feet.
B. 60 feet.
C. 90 feet.
D. 120 feet.
A. 30 feet.
339
Precast concrete can be produced as slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels. Slabs can be cast in standard shapes that include solid slabs, hollow-core slabs, single-tee slabs, and double-tee slabs. Solid slabs are used for short spans, while the tee slabs can be used for spans up to ______ .
A. 30 feet.
B. 60 feet.
C. 90 feet.
D. 120 feet.
D. 120 feet.
340
In ordinary masonry and wood-frame construction, the wood floors are of less substantial construction and are typically supported by joists. The joists very from 2 x 6" to two 2 x 14" spaced _____ on center, depending on the live load to be supported.
A. 12 to 16 inches.
B. 16 to 24 inches.
C. 12 to 24 inches.
D. 16 to 48 inches.
B. 16 to 24 inches.
341
All door openings in firewalls must be protected by either automatic or self-closing fire doors. If a firewall is required to have a fire resistance rating of four hours, the openings frequently will be protected with a:
A. Three hour fire door.
B. Four hour fire door.
C. Two hour fire door on each side.
D. Three hour fire door on each side.
D. Three hour fire door on each side.
342
A _____ roof is described as: "A very common roof style that consists of two inclined surfaces that meet at their high side and form a "ridge".
A. Gable roof.
B. Gambrel roof.
C. Shed roof.
D. Hip roof.
A. Gable roof.
343
A complete window consists of a frame, one or more sashes, and all necessary hardware to make a complete unit. There are a variety of types of movable windows. The window type described as: "Has a side-hinged sash that is usually installed to swing outward. It may contain one or two operating sashes and can be opened fully for ventilation" is known as:
A. Awning.
B. Casement.
C. Projecting.
D. Pivoting.
B. Casement.
344
The flame-spread rating of some interior finishes, most notably wood materials, can be reduced through the use of retardant coatings. _____ expand upon exposure to heat to create a thick, puffy coating that insulates the surface beneath the wood.
A. Mastics.
B. Cementitous and mineral-fiber coatings.
C. Intumescent paints.
D. Gas-forming paints.
C. Intumescent paints.
345
Typically, in Phase II elevator operations, a firefighter must insert a key in a three-position switch within the car to place that particular car in fire service. During this phase, many of the cars control features are manually operable from this car only. The following statement is TRUE regarding Phase II operations:
A. The electric eye safety, which prevents the doors from closing if there is a person or smoke in the doorway, is enabled during Phase II operations.
B. The floor-select button is inoperable.
C. The elevator doors are required to be operable only from within the car during this phase.
D. The elevator call button on the floor remains operable.
C. The elevator doors are required to be operable only from within the car during this phase. (TRUE)
________________________________
A. The electric eye safety, which prevents the doors from closing if there is a person or smoke in the doorway, is "enabled" during Phase II operations. (FALSE - disabled)
B. The floor-select button is inoperable. (FALSE - Phase I)
D. The elevator call button on the floor remains "operable". (FALSE - inoperable)
346
Air-supported structures have been used for sporting facilities such as golf driving ranges, baseball fields, and ice skating rinks. Air-supported structures have several limitations. The following statement is TRUE regarding air-supported structures.
A. To comfortably accommodate human occupancy, the interior pressure can only be slightly less than outside pressure.
B. Normal entrance and exit to air-supported structures is through regular doors.
C. They are obviously limited to one story.
D. Conventional ventilation of an air supported building is possible because firefighters can easily open the roof.
C. They are obviously limited to one story. (TRUE)
________________________________
A. To comfortably accommodate human occupancy, the interior pressure can only be slightly "less" than outside pressure. (FALSE - greater)
B. Normal entrance and exit to air-supported structures is through "regular doors". (FALSE - airlocks or revolving doors)
D. Conventional ventilation of an air supported building "is possible" because firefighters "can" easily open the roof. (FALSE - is not possible / can't)
347
Addressing the problem of smoke movement in buildings, two terms are encountered - smoke management and smoke control. The term smoke-control is used to describe systems that use:
A. Mechanical fans.
B. Compartmentation.
C. Barrier devices.
D. Pressurization.
A. Mechanical fans.
348
On large, long duration construction projects, some level of temporary fire protection must be provided. Temporary fire protection most commonly takes the form of:
A. Fire hydrants.
B. Fire pump.
C. Automatic sprinklers.
D. Standpipes and outlets.
D. Standpipes and outlets.
349
In the fields of fire protection and building codes enforcement, buildings are grouped into five major classifications. These classifications are commonly referred to as Type I through Type V. Type I construction may have a fire resistance rating of floor construction as high as _____ .
A. 1 hour.
B. 2 hour.
C. 3 hour.
D. 4 hour.
C. 3 hour.
(Type I construction can be either 4-4-3 or 3-3-2)
1st digit = Exterior bearing walls.
2nd digit = Structural frames or columns and girders that supports loads of more than one floor.
3rd digit = Floor construction.
350
The air that makes up the atmosphere is a gas that, like all substances, has mass. When this gas is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy. We feel this kinetic energy as wind. When the wind encounters a fixed object, it exerts a force. One of the basic forces exerted on a building is aerodynamic drag. Aerodynamic drag is described as:
A. The tendency of the moving air to blow objects off buildings.
B. The impact affect of wind as it moves along a surface.
C. The fluid effect of the wind as it moves along a surface.
D. A suction effect produced on the downwind side of a building.
C. The fluid effect of the wind as it moves along a surface. (Aerodynamic drag)
________________________________
A. The tendency of the moving air to blow objects off buildings. (Clean-off effect)
B. The impact affect of wind as it moves along a surface. (Direct pressure)
D. A suction effect produced on the downwind side of a building. (Negative pressure)
351
_____ glass consists of two layers of glass with a transparent layer of vinyl bonded into the center. When the glass breaks, the inner core of vinyl holds the broken pieces of glass in place. This glass is a good barrier to sound and therefore, can be used to reduce noise transmission.
A. Ordinary.
B. Tempered.
C. Laminated.
D. Heat-strengthened.
C. Laminated.
352
Heavy timber framing evolves from hand-hewn wooded timbers that were painstakingly cut from logs. In a heavy timber design, the basic structural support is provided by a framework of beams and columns that are made of wooden timbers. In heavy timber design, the beams (except roof beams) are not less than _____ .
A. 8x8
B. 4x6
C. 8x10
D. 6x10
D. 6x10 (Type IV - Beams)
________________________________
Type IV - Heavy Timber:
Columns = 8x8 or more
Beams = 6x10 or more
Roof beams = 6x8 or more
353
Several types of walls that are of interest to firefighters may be encountered in buildings. _____ are used to enclose vertical openings, such as stairwells, elevator shafts, and pipe chases, that extend from floor to floor in a building. The purpose of _____ is to block the vertical spread of fire through a building and, in the case of stairwells, to protect a means of egress.
A. Enclosure walls.
B. Party walls.
C. Fire partitions.
D. Curtain walls.
A. Enclosure walls.
354
In a _____ the individual members would be wood 2x4s or 2x6s, and the individual trusses would be spaced 2 to 4 feet apart.
A. Howe truss.
B. Fink truss.
C. Bowstring truss.
D. Pratt truss.
B. Fink truss.
355
There are several components layers in a flat roof. The _____ is designed to reduce the diffusion of interior moisture into the insulation layer. It consists of a continuous sheet of plastic, aluminum foil, craft paper laminated with asphalt, asphalt saturated roofing felt, or other materials resistant to the passage of water.
A. Roofing membrane.
B. Vapor barrier.
C. Drainage layer.
D. Roof decking.
B. Vapor barrier.
356
Fire doors protect the openings in fire rated walls. The use of fire doors to block the spread of fire is an established fire protection technique. Fired doors can be found in industrial buildings that date back to the end of the 19th century. A _____ is often found in older industrial buildings. This door is usually held open by fusible link and slides into position along a track either by gravity or by the force of a counterweight.
A. Swinging fire door.
B. Horizontal fire door.
C. Rolling steel fire door.
D. Horizontal folding fire door.
B. Horizontal fire door.
357
The term interior finish is generally applied to the materials used for the exposed surfaces of the walls and ceilings of a building. It can include... the exception is:
```
A. Ceiling tiles.
B. Gypsum wallboard.
C. Window frames.
D. Wall coverings.
E. Plaster.
F. Wood paneling.
G. Plastic.
H. Fiberboard.
```
C. Window frames. (FALSE p.153)
358
Building codes make use of the flame spread ratings of materials to establish some control over interior finishes. Materials with a _____ rate are required in the vertical exits of most occupancies.
A. Class D.
B. Class C.
C. Class B.
D. Class A.
D. Class A.
359
Stairs are the basic architectural feature of buildings that provide access to different levels of the structure. A _____ have an intermediate landing between floors and reverse direction at that point. _____ may have more than one landing where the space between the floors is greater than normal.
A. Return stairs.
B. Straight run stairs.
C. Scissor stairs.
D. Circular stairs.
A. Return stairs.
360
Usually, building codes require that the mall be a minimum of _____ in width. This permits the use of open storefronts while still allowing for pedestrian exit.
A. 20 to 30 feet.
B. 30 to 40. feet.
C. 40 to 50 feet.
D. 50 to 60 feet.
A. 20 to 30 feet.
361
An explosion can be defined as an event that produces a rapid release of high-pressure gas. What distinguishes an explosion from other occurrences, such as ordinary combustion, is the speed with which the process occurs. Explosions that involve combustion such as the explosion of a flammable vapor and air mixture, are divided into two types: detonations and deflagrations. The following statement is TRUE regarding deflagrations.
A. Explosions in which the combustion proceeds through the medium at a speed greater than the speed of sound.
B. It's is usually not practical to attempt to design buildings to limit the amount of damage that can be caused by a deflagration.
C. Deflagrations cause less impact on structural members than do detonations.
D. Deflagration cause less damage than detonation.
C. Deflagrations cause less impact on structural members than do detonations. (TRUE)
________________________________
362
Fire door is rated for its fire resistance in a manner somewhat similar to that used for fire-resistive structural assemblies. Existing fire doors, however, have been classified by using either a letter designation, and hourly rating, or a combination of both. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. An opening in vertical shafts such as stairwells and openings into 2-hour rated partitions are designated:
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
B. Class B.
363
In engineering, failure is said to have occurred when a part is no longer capable of performing it's required function in a satisfactory manner. Potential sources of building failure under fire conditions can include all of the following... the exception is:
A. Structural integrity.
B. Building systems.
C. Building classification.
D. Design deficiencies.
C. Building classification. (FALSE)
364
An _____ is applied to the center of the cross-section of the structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section.
A. Dead load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Torsional load.
D. Axial load.
D. Axial load. - (TRUE - Center of cross-section and perpendicular to that cross-section)
________________________________
B. Eccentric load. (Perpendicular to the cross-section but does not pass through the center of the cross-section)
C. Torsional load. (Offset from the center of cross-section and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section)
365
An automatic fire protection system, especially an automatic sprinkler system, is the _____ in a building. If the sprinkler system is properly designed and maintained, incipient fires will be promptly detected and controlled.
A. First line of offense.
B. Last line of offense.
C. First line of defense.
D. Last line of defense.
C. First line of defense.
366
Interior finish relates to a fire in four ways: the exception is:
A. It affects the rate of fire growth to a flashover condition.
B. It contributes to fire extension by flame spread over its surface.
C. It adds to the intensity of a fire by contributing additional fuel.
D. It produces less smoke and toxic gas that can contribute to the life hazard.
D. It produces "less" smoke and toxic gas that can contribute to the life hazard. (FALSE - more)
367
Building codes may exclude from the definition of interior finish such surfaces such as... the exception is:
```
A. Countertops.
B. Doors.
C. Ceiling tiles.
D. Window frames.
E. Movable partitions (such as those often used to subdivide a banquet facility).
```
C. Ceiling tiles. (FALSE - is considered interior finish)
***The rest of the answers are NOT considered interior finish p.154***
368
To provide accessibility for disabled individuals, the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires the removal of architectural barriers. This imposes on the architect an additional set of requirements in the design process. Some of the specific building elements that must be designed to accommodate individuals with disabilities include... the exception is:
```
A. Building entrances.
B. Parking and passenger loading zone.
C. Drinking fountains.
D. Elevator operation.
E. Toilet facilities.
F. Alarms (visible and/or audible).
G. Telephones.
H. Automated teller machines.
I. Means of egress.
```
D. Elevator "operation". (FALSE - Elevators themselves but not their operation)
369
NFPA 229 Standard on Types of Building Construction designates each classification by a three digit number code. The first number in a Type 1 443 designation would indicate:
A. The fire resistance rating of the exterior bearing walls.
B. The fire resistance rating of the structural frame.
C. The fire resistant rating of the columns and girders.
D. The fire resistance rating of the floor construction.
A. The fire resistance rating of the exterior bearing walls. (1st digit)
________________________________
B. The fire resistance rating of the structural frame. (2nd digit)
C. The fire resistant rating of the columns and girders. (2nd digit)
D. The fire resistance rating of the floor construction. (3rd digit)
370
In addition to the manner in which loads are applied externally to structural members. It is important to be aware of the forces within the material that result from external loads.
1) Compression is a force that tends to pull material apart.
2) Tension is a force that tends to slide one plane of a material past and adjacent plane.
3) Shear is a force that tends to squeeze the material together.
A. #1 & #2 are false.
B. #2 & #3 are false.
C. All three are true.
D. All three are false.
D. All three are false.
371
A(n) _____ is supported at each end and is free to rotate at the ends.
A. Beam.
B. Cantilever beam.
C. Simple supported beam.
D. I-beam.
C. Simple supported beam. (An example would be a wood joist resting on a masonry wall)
372
Building codes usually classified interior finish materials according to their flame spread rating. Interior finish with a flame spread rating of 26-75 would be classified as:
A. Class D.
B. Class C.
C. Class B.
D. Class A.
C. Class B.
373
The _____ is the weight of the structure, structural members, building components, and any other feature that is permanently fixed in location and accurately known.
A. Impact load.
B. Static load.
C. Dead load.
D. Live load.
C. Dead load.
374
The type of foundation required depends on the soil conditions. The foundation may need to be designed to resist other forces such as... the exception is:
A. Wind loads.
B. Soil pressure.
C. Type of building.
D. Seismic forces.
E. Uplifting forces from underground water.
F. Thrusts resulting from the support of arches, domes, and vaults.
C. Type of building. (FALSE)
375
Trusses are framed structural units made of a group of triangles in one plane. There are a number of common roof trusses used in building construction... the exception is:
A. King post.
B. Parabolic curve.
C. Fink.
D. Sawtooth.
B. Parabolic curve. (FALSE - cable)
376
_____ have an intermittent landing between floors and reverse direction at that point. Where the height between floors is greater than normal, they will have more than one intermittent landing. They are frequently used in modern construction.
A. Straight run stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Access stairs.
D. Scissor stairs.
B. Return stairs.
377
_____ are loads that are applied slowly and remain nearly constant. For example, the filling of a water tank.
A. Impact load.
B. Static load.
C. Dead load.
D. Live load.
B. Static load.
378
Deep foundations penetrate the layers of soil directly under a building to reach soil at a greater depth that can support the weight of the building. _____ are driven into the ground and develop their load carrying ability either through friction with the surrounding soil or by being driven into contact with rock or a load bearing soil layer.
A. Piles.
B. Piers.
C. Footings.
D. Mat foundations.
A. Piles.
379
When a structural frame is used for the primary support, the exterior walls provide only the buildings enclosure and are termed _____ .
A. Curtain wall not cladding.
B. Cladding but not curtain wall.
C. Curtain wall or cladding.
D. Neither curtain walls nor cladding.
C. Curtain wall or cladding.
380
Class is present in most buildings. The most commonly encountered glass types are... the exception is:
A. Wired glass.
B. Tempered glass.
C. Ordinary glass.
D. Heat strengthened glass.
A. Wired glass.
381
Prestressing is widely used in concrete structures. There are two methods of prestressing concrete, pretensioning and post tensioning.
1) In pretensioned concrete, steel strands are stretched between anchors producing a tensile force in the steel. Concrete is then placed around the steel strands and allowed to harden. When the concrete has hardened sufficiently, the force applied to the steel strands is released. As the force on the steel strands is released, strands exerts a compressive force in the concrete.
2) When concrete is post-tensioned, the reinforcing steel is not tensioned until after the concrete has hardened. The reenforcing strands are placed in framework and covered with grease or a plastic tubing to prevent binding with the concrete. When the concrete has hardened, strands are anchored against one end of the concrete member, and a jack is positioned at the other end. The jack is used to apply a large tensile force to the steel that stretches the steel and results in a compressive force in the concrete.
A. Only #1 is true.
B. Only #2 is true.
C. Both #1 & #2 are true.
D. Both #1 & #2 are false.
C. Both #1 & #2 are true.
382
Concrete structural systems have fire resistance ratings from 1 to 4 hours. The fire resistance of concrete assembly is affected by... the exception is:
```
A. Concrete density.
B. Concrete temperature.
C. Concrete thickness.
D. Load supported by concrete.
E. Concrete quality.
F. Depth of concrete cover over the reinforcing bars.
```
B. Concrete temperature. (FALSE)
383
A _____ is a beam over an opening in a masonry wall. _____ frequently are steel angles but also can be reinforced concrete or reinforced masonry. Wood _____ have been using the past but are not used in modern practice because of shrinkage problems.
A. Parapet.
B. Lintel.
C. Pilaster.
D. Flying buttress.
B. Lintel.
384
An elevator hoistway is the vertical shaft which the elevator car travels and includes the elevator pit. Installations with more than one elevator in a common shaft are known as multiple-hoistways. A large building may contain more than one multiple hoistway, but each hoistway is limited by code to no more than ____ elevators.
```
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
E. 8
```
C. 4
385
The forces on a building resulting from gravity are classified into two types; dead loads and live loads.
1) A dead load is any load that is not fixed or permanent.
2) A live load is the weight of any permanent part of the building.
A. #1 is true.
B. #2 is true.
C. #1 and #2 are true.
D. #1 and #2 are false.
D. #1 and #2 are false.
386
In mill construction:
1) Wood columns are usually 8" x 8" minimum.
2) Beams and girders are 6" x 10" minimum.
A. #1 is true.
B. #2 is true.
C. #1 and #2 are true.
D. #1 and #2 are false.
C. #1 and #2 are true.
*** Except for roof beams they can be 6x8 ***
387
Lead-acid batteries have many different names that include all of the following except:
```
A. Wet cell.
B. Gel cell.
C. Dry cell.
D. Sealed cell.
E. Starved electrolyte cell.
F. Maintenance free cell.
G. Flooded cell.
```
C. Dry cell. (FALSE)
*** The rest are all TRUE p145 ***
388
Fire-resistive would be considered which type of construction:
```
A. Type I.
B. Type II.
C. Type III.
D. Type IV.
E. Type V.
```
A. Type I.
389
Noncombustible would be considered which type of construction:
```
A. Type I.
B. Type II.
C. Type III.
D. Type IV.
E. Type V.
```
B. Type II.
390
Masonry would be considered which type of construction:
```
A. Type I.
B. Type II.
C. Type III.
D. Type IV.
E. Type V.
```
C. Type III.
391
Ordinary would be considered which type of construction:
```
A. Type I.
B. Type II.
C. Type III.
D. Type IV.
E. Type V.
```
C. Type III.
392
Heavy timber would be considered which type of construction:
```
A. Type I.
B. Type II.
C. Type III.
D. Type IV.
E. Type V.
```
D. Type IV.
393
Wood frame would be considered which type of construction:
```
A. Type I.
B. Type II.
C. Type III.
D. Type IV.
E. Type V.
```
E. Type V.
394
Protected noncombustible would be considered which type of construction:
```
A. Type I.
B. Type II.
C. Type III.
D. Type IV.
E. Type V.
```
B. Type II.
395
Exterior protected would be considered which type of construction:
```
A. Type I.
B. Type II.
C. Type III.
D. Type IV.
E. Type V.
```
C. Type III.
396
Mill would be considered which type of construction:
```
A. Type I.
B. Type II.
C. Type III.
D. Type IV.
E. Type V.
```
D. Type IV.
397
_____ construction is a type of masonry construction in which the exterior walls are constructed of brick and the interior structural framing is of solid or laminated wood. _____ construction is also commonly known as heavy timber construction; however, it should not be confused with the heavy timber "wood-frame" construction. _____ construction is classified as Type IV construction.
```
A. Ordinary.
B. Noncombustible.
C. Fire resistive.
D. Mill.
E. Exterior protected.
F. Protected noncombustible.
G. Wood frame.
```
D. Mill.
398
_____ are large, uncontrollable fires covering a considerable area and crossing natural fire barriers such as streets; usually involves buildings in more than one block and causes a large fire loss. Forest fires can also be considered _____ .
A. Exposures.
B. Configurations.
C. Conflagrations.
D. Wildland/Urban interface.
C. Conflagrations.
| ________________________________
399
Line, area, or zone where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with undevelopedh wildland or vegetative fuels:
A. Exposures.
B. Configurations.
C. Conflagrations.
D. Wildland/Urban interface.
D. Wildland/Urban interface.
400
The term _____ in this text (Building Construction) refers to a failure to provide a level of fire safety appropriate to the ultimate use of the building.
A. Building failure.
B. Structural integrity.
C. Design deficiencies.
D. Accessibility.
C. Design deficiencies.
401
A building code will "typically" require that columns supporting the floors in a fire-resistive building have a fire resistance rating of _____ hours.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
B. 3
402
The building code in fire-resistant buildings will "typically" require that the walls enclosing an exit stairwell, which may or may not be load bearing, "typically" must have a fire resistance ratings of ___ or ___ hours to protect the stairwell.
A. 1 or 2 hours.
B. 2 or 3 hours.
C. 3 or 4 hours.
D. 4 or 5 hours.
A. 1 or 2 hours.
403
Some building codes contain a provision to omit the fire-resistance rating for a roof construction for some occupancies when the roof is located more than _____ feet above the floor. This exception can create a situation in which a building is classified under a building code as a Type I (fire-resistive) building but has a roof that is actually constructed as a Type II (noncombustible) building.
```
A. 10 feet.
B. 15 feet.
C. 20 feet.
D. 25 feet.
E. 30 feet.
```
C. 20 feet.
404
Type I Construction - Generally, bearing walls, columns, and beams are required to have a fire resistance of (1)_____ , depending on the code and the construction classification. Floor construction is required to have a fire resistance of (2)_____ . The roof deck and construction supporting the roof must have a fire resistance of (3)_____ . In addition, interior partitions enclosing stairwells and corridors are required to be fire resistant as specified by the local code, usually (4)_____ . Partitions that separate occupancies or tenants may also be required to be fire resistant depending on the code.
A. 2 to 4 hours.
B. 2 or 3 hours.
C. 1 to 2 hours.
D. 1 or 2 hours.
1) A. 2 to 4 hours.
2) B. 2 or 3 hours.
3) C. 1 to 2 hours.
4) D. 1 or 2 hours.
405
The interior structural members of Type III (ordinary) construction may be protected or unprotected. Type III construction has two subclassifications:
1) Type III-A construction is required to have a one hour fire-resistive rating for interior members.
2) Type III-B construction has no fire resistant requirements for the interior members.
A. Only #1 is true.
B. Only #2 is true.
C. Both #1 & #2 are true.
D. Both #1 & #2 are false.
C. Both #1 & #2 are true.
406
There are two major occupancy classification codes: NFPA and IBC. The building codes group building occupancies into occupancy classifications. The _____ contains 10 major occupancy classifications: Assembly; business; educational; factories; high hazard; institutional; mercantile; Residential; storage; utility & miscellaneous (each classification could also be identified as Group A through Group U).
A. The International Building Code (IBC).
B. NFPA 5000 Building construction and Safety code.
C. NFPA 101 Life Safety Code.
D. The International Residential Code (IRC).
A. The International Building Code (IBC).
407
The _____ contains a total of 26 subgroups within the 10 major occupancy classifications.
A. The International Building Code (IBC).
B. NFPA 5000 Building construction and Safety code.
C. NFPA 101 Life Safety Code.
D. The International Residential Code (IRC).
A. The International Building Code (IBC).
408
In the _____, residential occupancies (occupancy Group R) are subdivided into four subgroups: R-1 through R-4. Similarly, assembly occupancies are subdivided into five subgroups: A-1 through A-5).
A. The International Building Code (IBC).
B. NFPA 5000 Building construction and Safety code.
C. NFPA 101 Life Safety Code.
D. The International Residential Code (IRC).
A. The International Building Code (IBC).
409
_____ make use of 12 major occupancy classifications: Assembly, educational, daycare, healthcare, Ambulatory healthcare, Detention and correctional, residential, residential board and care, Mercantile, business, industrial, storage.
A. The International Building Code (IBC).
B. NFPA 5000 Building construction and Safety code & NFPA 101 Life Safety Code.
C. The International Residential Code (IRC).
D. Municipal fire code.
B. NFPA 5000 Building construction and Safety code & NFPA 101 Life Safety Code.
410
One method that has received considerable attention in recent years is "base isolation". The basic concept of base isolation is to isolate the building from the horizontal movement of the earth surface (seismic forces). The following two isolation methods have been used:
1) Elastomeric bearings - Create a layer between the building and the foundation, which has a low horizontal stiffness. The bearings are made of either natural rubber or neoprene. The bearings change the fundamental vibration frequency of the building. Several buildings in the U.S. have been built or retrofitted with these bearings, including the City Hall of Oakland, California.
2) Sliding Systems - Make use of special plates sliding on each other (a less common method of building isolation). These systems isolate the building from the horizontal shear force created by an earthquake.
A. Only #1 is true.
B. Only #2 is true.
C. Both #1 & #2 are true.
D. Both #1 & #2 are false.
C. Both #1 & #2 are true.
411
As the _____ outside a building changes, the structural members at the periphery of the building expand and contract. The structural members inside the building are less subject to expansion and contraction because the interior _____ of a building is more consistent. The differing rates of expansion and contraction between the structural members cause the members to exert forces on each other.
A. Temperature.
B. Vibration.
C. Shrinkage.
D. Seismic.
A. Temperature.
412
_____ forces are some of the most complex forces exerted on a building, they are developed from earthquakes.
A. Temperature.
B. Vibration.
C. Shrinkage.
D. Seismic.
D. Seismic.
413
_____ can arise from sources within a building such as rotating machinery. An example would be blower motors for the ventilation system. _____ can also arise from sources outside a building such as the passing of a freight train.
A. Temperature.
B. Vibration.
C. Shrinkage.
D. Seismic.
B. Vibration.
414
_____ can occur in wood structural members as of the lumber dries over time. This can result in tensile forces at connections between the members.
A. Temperature.
B. Vibration.
C. Shrinkage.
D. Seismic.
C. Shrinkage.
415
The distinctive characteristic of post and beam framing is the spacing of the vertical posts and cross-sectional dimension of the members. The vertical post maybe spaced up to (1)_____ apart, unlike wall stud construction with the studs are (2)_____ apart.
A. 12 to 16 inches.
B. 12 to 24 inches.
C. 24 inches.
D. 36 inches.
1) C. 24 inches.
| 2) A. 12 to 16 inches.
416
Typical dimensions for the posts in post and beam construction are _____ when supporting roofs only. Post and beam construction requires the addition of other members such as diagonal braces to withstand lateral loads.
A. 4x4 inches.
B. 6x4 inches.
C. 6x8 inches.
D. 6x10 inches.
C. 6x8 inches.
417
When the joists between a column and beam are reinforced so bending stresses can be transmitted through the joints, the structural system is known as a _____ . The peak of the roof is usually provided with a hinged connection to allow for slight movement between the two halves of the frame. This type of _____ can be constructed of steel, laminated wood, or reinforced concrete.
A. Steel Stud Wall Framing.
B. Rigid Frame.
C. Truss Frames.
D. Slab and Column Frames.
B. Rigid Frame.
418
_____ are most frequently encountered in concrete structures. The floors of a multistory, reinforced concrete building are concrete slabs, which can be designed by several methods, depending on the loads to be supported. These floors are supported by concrete columns.
A. Steel Stud Wall Framing.
B. Rigid Frame.
C. Truss Frames.
D. Slab and Column Frames.
D. Slab and Column Frames.
419
Building codes have traditionally required a minimum of one smokeproof stair enclosure for stairs serving buildings _____ or higher, and more recently, stairs serving floor levels more than 30 feet below the level of exit discharge.
A. 4 stories.
B. 5 stories.
C. 6 stories.
D. 7 stories.
B. 5 stories.
420
The two most common types of elevator power are hydraulic and electric. Electric elevators are subdivided into two categories. _____ are older style elevators which a hoisting cable is wound by a drum. The drum is located in a motor room directly over the hoistway. These elevators have practical height limitations because of the size of the drum required in tall buildings.
A. Drum elevators.
B. Traction elevators.
C. Hydraulic elevators.
D. Service elevators.
A. Drum elevators.
421
The two most common types of elevator power are hydraulic and electric. Electric elevators are subdivided into two categories. _____ are the most common type of elevator in buildings over six stories because it is very fast and does not have height limitations. Hoist cables attached to the elevator car run up and over the drive sheave at the top of the hoistway and then down the back wall of the hoistway to connect to removable counterweights. The hoist cables do not wind around the drive sheave - they merely pass over it.
A. Drum elevators.
B. Traction elevators.
C. Hydraulic elevators.
D. Service elevators.
B. Traction elevators.
422
The two most common types of elevator power are hydraulic and electric. _____ involves a fluid being forced under pressure into a cylinder containing a piston or ram. These elevators do not have brakes, they are slowed and stopped, raised and lowered by controlling the flow of fluid.
A. Drum elevators.
B. Traction elevators.
C. Hydraulic elevators.
D. Service elevators.
C. Hydraulic elevators.
423
For many years _____ where only practical in building heights of about six stories. However, some hydraulic elevators installed in taller buildings now a days use a multistage cylinder rather than a single stage ram. This reduces the overall length of a cylinder as well as the depth of the well that needs to be provided.
A. Drum elevators.
B. Traction elevators.
C. Hydraulic elevators.
D. Service elevators.
C. Hydraulic elevators.
424
_____ is another term used to describe elevators and often is defined as a passenger elevator that has been designed to carry freight.
A. Drum elevators.
B. Traction elevators.
C. Hydraulic elevators.
D. Service elevators.
D. Service elevators.
425
Of the following safety protection systems designed for elevators, which one is designed to stop a freefalling car?
```
A. Terminal device.
B. Buffers.
C. Speed-reducing switch.
D. Overall speed switch.
E. Car safeties.
```
E. Car safeties.
426
A _____ is an electrical switch designed to stop and elevator car by removing power before it reaches the upper or lower limits of the hoistway.
```
A. Terminal device.
B. Buffers.
C. Speed-reducing switch.
D. Overall speed switch.
E. Car safeties.
```
A. Terminal device.
427
_____ are large springs or hydraulic cylinders and pistons located at the bottom of the elevator pit that acts as shock absorbers should the terminal switch fail. _____ cannot safely stop a freefalling car, they only stop one traveling at its normal rate of speed.
```
A. Terminal device.
B. Buffers.
C. Speed-reducing switch.
D. Overall speed switch.
E. Car safeties.
```
B. Buffers.
428
A _____ is also known as the speed governor. This switch slows the drive motor when an elevator starts to exceed a safe speed. If the car continues to accelerate, it applies the car safeties and trips the overspeed switch.
```
A. Terminal device.
B. Buffers.
C. Speed-reducing switch.
D. Overall speed switch.
E. Car safeties.
```
C. Speed-reducing switch.
429
An _____ is also connected to the speed governor. This switch is activated if the speed-reducing switch fails to slow the elevator car sufficiently.
```
A. Terminal device.
B. Buffers.
C. Speed-reducing switch.
D. Overall speed switch.
E. Car safeties.
```
D. Overall speed switch.
430
_____ are tapered sets of steel jaws that wedge against the guide rails and bring the elevator to a stop. Elevator _____ are designed to stop a freefalling elevator car.
```
A. Terminal device.
B. Buffers.
C. Speed-reducing switch.
D. Overall speed switch.
E. Car safeties.
```
E. Car safeties.
431
A _____ is a type of enclosure that makes use of a vestibule between the corridor and the stairwell that is open to the atmosphere. Smoke that enters the vestibule from the corridor is exhausted to the atmosphere and the stairwell remains free of smoke. _____ are effective and simple but they take up otherwise usable floor space.
A. Smokeproof towers.
B. Pressurized stairwell.
C. Automatic smoke control.
D. Manual smoke control.
A. Smokeproof towers.
432
A _____ utilizes a blower or fan to provide a slightly greater pressure in the stairwell than the corridor to prevent the infiltration of smoke from the corridor into the stairwell.
A. Smokeproof towers.
B. Pressurized stairwell.
C. Automatic smoke control.
D. Manual smoke control.
B. Pressurized stairwell.
433
The speed of flame spread over interior finish is influenced by such factors as the following... exception is:
A. The composition of the material.
B. The shape of the space in which the material is installed.
C. Ventilation.
D. Whether the finish material is applied to the ceiling or wall.
E. Weather conditions.
E. Weather conditions. (FALSE)
434
_____ is the material used in the Steiner Tunnel Test and is assigned a flame spread rating of 100. According to the test protocol, the flame will travel along the _____ flooring 24 feet in 5 1/2 minutes. The flames spread of other materials during the test is compared to that of _____ . Obviously, the higher the flame spread rating, the more rapidly flame will spread.
A. Gypsum wallboard.
B. Douglas fir.
C. Red oak.
D. Walnut plywood.
C. Red oak.
435
In addition to the flame spread rating, the tunnel test provides an additional measure of flammability: the "smoke developed rating". This rating is a measure of the relative visual obscurity created by the smoke from a tested material. As with the flame spread rating, _____ is used as a standard testing material and has been assigned a smoke developed rating of 100. Therefore, under test conditions, a material with a "smoke developed rating" of 200 produces smoke that is twice as visually obscuring as _____ . Code limit the maximum smoke developed to 450.
A. Gypsum wallboard.
B. Douglas fir.
C. Red oak.
D. Walnut plywood.
C. Red oak.
436
Building codes determine the fire protection rating of fire doors that are required. Codes typically require 4 or 3 hour rated doors in firewalls of greater than a _____ rating. Doors rated at 1 1/2 hours are normally required for _____ rated vertical enclosures. One-hour doors are used for one hour vertical shaft enclosures and exit enclosures.
A. 1 hour.
B. 2 hour.
C. 3 hour.
D. 4 hour.
B. 2 hour.
437
A few apparent inconsistencies may be encountered in fire door protection and fire officials should be aware of them. For example, a code may permit an opening in a 2 hour stairwell enclosure to be protected with a _____ fire door rather than a 2 hour door.
A. 1/2 hour.
B. 1 hour.
C. 1 1/2 hour.
D. 3 hour
C. 1 1/2 hour.
438
A few apparent inconsistencies may be encountered in fire door protection and fire officials should be aware of them. For example, code may require the use of _____ fire doors to protect an opening in a 4 hour wall and not permit a 3 hour door to be used in combination with a 1 1/2 hour door to satisfy the requirement.
A. 3 hour.
B. 4 hour.
C. 2 - 3 hour.
D. 2 - 2 hour.
C. 2 - 3 hour.
439
Until recently, only fire doors with the ratings up to 1 1/2 hours were permitted to have glass panels but now doors with ratings up to 3 hours can be equipped with them. There are restrictions on the allowable area of glass in fire doors. Fire doors with ratings of 1, 1 1/2, and 3 hours can have glass panels up to _____ in area per door.
A. 10 in.².
B. 12 in.².
C. 100 in.².
D. 120 in.².
C. 100 in.².
440
Wood panel products are graded for their structural use in their exposure durability. The span rating of 32/16 indicates that the panel maybe used as:
A. Roof sheathing on rafters 32 inches apart or as subflooring on joist 16 inches apart.
B. Subflooring on joists 32 inches apart or as roof sheathing on rafters 16 inches apart.
C. Wall paneling on studs 32 inches apart or as decking on joist 16 inches apart.
D. Decking on beams 32 inches apart or as wall paneling on studs 16 inches apart.
A. Roof sheathing on rafters 32 inches apart or as subflooring on joist 16 inches apart.
(1st digit is roof; 2nd digit is floor)
441
_____ is the thermal decomposition of wood and it begins at a temperature somewhere below approximately 392°F. There is some evidence that _____ and ignition can occur at temperatures lower than normally required if the wood is subjected to a temperature higher than the ambient but lower than the ignition temperature. For example, framing in a wall close to a woodstove chimney may not ignite for years, but may eventually ignite after exposure to heat at a temperature that is below the original ignition temperature.
A. Pyrolysis.
B. Heat of combustion.
C. Fuel load.
D. Structural load.
A. Pyrolysis.
442
A number of fire retardant chemicals are available. The fire retardant chemicals most commonly used our combinations of inorganic or organic salts. Any of the following chemicals maybe used in the treatment... the exception is:
```
A. Ammonium phosphate.
B. Ammonium sulfate.
C. Boric acid.
D. Zinc chloride.
E. Sodium dischromate.
F. Borax.
G. Sulfuric acid.
```
G. Sulfuric acid. (FALSE)
443
The overall integrity of woodframe systems is affected by the methods used to join the joists, beams, and columns. In the design of connections for heavy timber construction, the engineer must take into account factors that are unique to wood. These include the following... the exception is:
A. Specific gravity of the wood.
B. Shrinkage of the wood.
C. Cure time of the wood.
D. Position of fasteners, such as bolts, relative to the grain of the wood.
E. Relative size of the wood members and the fasteners.
C. Cure time of the wood. (FALSE)
444
Older timber construction made use of a type of joint known as a mortise and tenon joint. _____ is the notch, hole, or space cut into a piece of timber to receive the projecting part of another piece of timber.
A. Mortise.
B. Tenon.
C. Strap holds.
D. Fire cut.
A. Mortise.
445
Older timber construction made use of a type of joint known as a mortise and tenon joint. _____ is the projecting member in a piece of wood or other material for insertion into a mortise to make a joint.
A. Mortise.
B. Tenon.
C. Strap holds.
D. Fire cut.
B. Tenon.
446
In many applications such as residential and small commercial buildings, wood joist or beams simply rest on the masonry wall in and indentation known as a _____ . The _____ is several inches deep to provide an adequate bearing surface for the beam. A metal strap may be provided to function as a horizontal tie between the masonry in the end of the beam.
A. Tie rod.
B. Beam pocket.
C. Fire cut.
D. Mortise and tenon.
B. Beam pocket.
447
The end of a wood joist or beam will be cut at a slight angle. This angle is known as a _____ . The purpose of a ____ is to allow the beam to fall away freely from the wall in the case of structural collapse without acting as a lever to push against the masonry. However, _____(s) in joists do not totally preclude the collapse of a masonry wall.
A. Tie rod.
B. Beam pocket.
C. Fire cut.
D. Mortise and tenon.
C. Fire cut.
448
Ideally the curing of concrete should be done between 50° and 70°F. Theoretically, properly cured concrete continues to harden indefinitely at a gradual rate; however, normal design strength is reached after _____ .
A. 28 hours.
B. 28 days.
C. 28 months.
D. 28 years.
B. 28 days.
449
The _____ concrete frame is a simple system that consists of a concrete slab supported by concrete columns. The slab of concrete varies in thickness from 6 to 12 inches.
A. Flat slab.
B. Slab and beam.
C. Waffle.
A. Flat slab.
450
A _____ frame consists of a concrete slab supported by concrete beams. This framing system is extremely lightweight and is best suited for buildings with light floor loads. Slabs in this type of construction can sometimes be as thin as 2 inches.
A. Flat slab.
B. Slab and beam.
C. Waffle.
B. Slab and beam.
451
Roof decks can be constructed of plywood, wood planks, corrugated steel, precast gypsum or concrete planks,, poured gypsum, poured concrete, and cement planks. Corrugated steel using roof decking is usually 22 gauge minimum thickness with an overall depth range of 1/2 inches to _____ .
A. 5 inches.
B. 7 inches.
C. 9 inches.
D. 3 inches.
B. 7 inches.
452
The design and construction process is a serious and expensive business. Many people are involved and many decisions must be made. In addition to the architect, there are a number of major technical specialties involved in the project. _____ would be responsible for the plumbing systems in the project.
```
A. Civil engineering.
B. Structural engineering.
C. Mechanical engineering.
D. Fire protection engineering.
E. Electrical engineering.
```
C. Mechanical engineering.
| HVAC, plumbing/pumping systems, elevators
453
Type III construction is also commonly referred to as ordinary construction. Unlike Type I and Type II construction, it is possible for a significant fire to develop in a vacant Type III building with fire being fueled by:
A. Combustible exterior walls.
B. Combustible beams, columns, floors, and roofs.
C. Larger dimension lumber used in construction.
D. Lack of concealed spaces between structural members.
B. Combustible beams, columns, floors, and roofs.
454
The forces on a building resulting from gravity, which were described earlier, are classified into two types, dead loads and live loads. An example of a dead load is:
A. Roofs, floor slabs or decks.
B. Snow melting on a roof.
C. Office furniture.
D. Occupants.
A. Roofs, floor slabs or decks.
455
A fire load is frequently discussed in terms of weight and combustible material per square-foot. A fire load can be used as an estimate of the total potential heat release to which a building may be subjected. A fire load does not necessarily result in an equivalent structural load. The following statement is TRUE regarding fire load and structural load.
A. A warehouse containing cast iron radiators would have a very large fire load but a light structural load.
B. A toy store would have a low structural load but a high fire load.
C. A toy store would have a high structural load but a low fire load.
D. A warehouse containing cast iron radiators would have a light fire load but a very large structural load.
D. A warehouse containing cast iron radiators would have a light fire load but a very large structural load. (TRUE)
________________________________
A. A warehouse containing cast iron radiators would have a "very large" fire load but a "light" structural load. (FALSE - opposite)
B. A toy store would have a "low" structural load but a high fire load. (FALSE - "moderate")
C. A toy store would have a "high" structural load but a "low" fire load. (FALSE - "moderate" ; "high")
456
Situations that may arise where it is necessary to strengthen and stabilize an existing foundation. The need for such strengthening may be due to excessive settlement because of an inadequate foundation, an increase in the load on a foundation or erosion from soil under or around foundation. _____ refers to permanent supports.
A. Shoring.
B. Underpinning.
C. Piles.
D. Piers.
B. Underpinning.
457
Gypsum board consists of a core of calcined gypsum, starch, water and other additives that are sandwiched between two paper faces. Coreboard is used for:
A. Most applications.
B. Fire rated assemblies.
C. Shaft walls and solid partitions.
D. To eliminate the vapor barrier in outside walls.
E. Produced with a water-repellent paper facing for use where it may be exposed to moisture.
F. Used as a backing layer in multilayer assemblies.
C. Shaft walls and solid partitions. (Core board)
________________________________
A. Most applications. (Regular gypsum board)
B. Fire rated assemblies. (Type X or Type C gypsum board)
C. Shaft walls and solid partitions. (Coreboard)
D. To eliminate the vapor barrier in outside walls. (Foil-backed gypsum board)
E. Produced with a water-repellent paper facing for use where it may be exposed to moisture. (Water-resistant gypsum board)
F. Used as a backing layer in multilayer assemblies. (Gypsum backing board)
458
Firewalls are typically constructed of masonry although other fire resistant materials, such as concrete, can be used. Firewalls are usually required to have a fire resistance of four hours. However, some building codes will permit firewalls with ratings of three or two hours for certain occupancies. When ducts for heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems penetrating firewalls that have a fire resistance rating of two hours or greater, the ducts must be equipped with fire dampers within the duct. If the firewall is required to have a fire resistance of four hours:
A. Two 2-hour rated dampers must be provided.
B. Two 1 1/2-hour rated dampers must be provided.
C. One 3-hour rated damper must be provided.
D. Two 3-hour rated dampers must be provided.
D. Two 3-hour rated dampers must be provided.
459
Fire partitions can be constructed from a wide variety of materials including lath and plaster, gypsum wallboard, concrete block, and combinations of materials. Movable interior partition walls make it possible to subdivide the interior of a building to suit different needs. A large hotel banquet room, for example, can be subdivided with movable partitions to accommodate different size functions. Movable partitions extend from floor to ceiling and are constructed in whatever length is necessary to meet the desired function. Movable fire resistive partitions are available with ratings of:
A. 1/2 or 1 hour.
B. 1 or 2 hours.
C. 2 or 3 hours.
D. 3 or 4 hours.
B. 1 or 2 hours.
460
Large structural systems can be constructed from several basic structural components. Columns are structural members designed to support:
A. An axial load.
B. A tensile load.
C. An axial compressive load.
D. An eccentric tensile load.
C. An axial compressive load.
461
Buildings are constructed with structural systems that use bearing walls formed from cast-in-place concrete. However, a more typical design is to construct a concrete frame. A number of common cast-in-place structural systems are used. _____ is defined as : "The pattern results from the placement of square forms over which the wet concrete is placed. This design provides a thicker slab while eliminating the weight of unnecessary concrete in the bottom half of the slab. Reinforcing steel placed in the bottom of the framework provides reinforcement in two directions, and slabs of this type are also known as two-way slabs".
A. Flat-slab concrete frame.
B. Slab and beam frame.
C. Waffle construction.
D. Precast concrete.
C. Waffle construction.
462
Buildings are constructed with structural systems that use bearing walls formed from cast-in-place concrete. However, a more typical design is to construct a concrete frame. A number of common cast-in-place structural systems are used. _____ is defined as : "a simple system that consists of a concrete slab supported by concrete columns. The slab of concrete varies in thickness from 6 to 12 inches".
A. Flat-slab concrete frame.
B. Slab and beam frame.
C. Waffle construction.
D. Precast concrete.
A. Flat-slab concrete frame.
463
Buildings are constructed with structural systems that use bearing walls formed from cast-in-place concrete. However, a more typical design is to construct a concrete frame. A number of common cast-in-place structural systems are used. _____ is defined as : "Consists of a concrete slab supported by concrete beams. This framing system is extremely lightweight and is best suited for buildings with light floor loads. Slabs in this type of construction can sometimes be as thin as 2 inches.".
A. Flat-slab concrete frame.
B. Slab and beam frame.
C. Waffle construction.
D. Precast concrete.
B. Slab and beam frame.
464
Buildings are constructed with structural systems that use bearing walls formed from cast-in-place concrete. However, a more typical design is to construct a concrete frame. A number of common cast-in-place structural systems are used. _____ is defined as : "Due to the thin slab, the concrete beams must be closely spaced in order to provide adequate support. The spacing often gives the appearance similar to wood joists and is sometimes referred to as concrete joist construction. When the concrete beams run mainly in one direction, the framing is known as one-way reinforced slap. When the framing features concrete beams running in two directions, it is known as two-way slab construction. The two-way framing system is used where spans are short and floor loadings are high".
A. Flat-slab concrete frame.
B. Slab and beam frame.
C. Waffle construction.
D. Precast concrete.
B. Slab and beam frame.
________________________________
Note: Buildings using slab and beam systems are often highly susceptible to fire damage due to their thin nature.
465
A fire door is rated for its fire resistance in a manner somewhat similar to that used for fire resistive structural assemblies. Existing fire doors, however, having been classified by using either a letter designation, and hourly rating, or a combination of both. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. Openings in vertical shafts such as stairwells and openings in 2-hour rated partitions are designated:
```
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
E. Class E.
```
B. Class B.
466
Letter designations in fire door classifications are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. The designation "Class A" fire door is used for:
A. Openings in fire walls.
B. Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions.
C. Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less.
D. Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building.
E. Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside.
A. Openings in fire walls. (Class A)
________________________________
B. Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions. (Class B)
C. Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less. (Class C)
D. Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building. (Class D)
E. Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside. (Class E)
467
Letter designations in fire door classifications are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. The designation "Class B" fire door is used for:
A. Openings in fire walls.
B. Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions.
C. Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less.
D. Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building.
E. Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside.
B. Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions. (Class B)
________________________________
A. Openings in fire walls. (Class A)
B. Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions. (Class B)
C. Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less. (Class C)
D. Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building. (Class D)
E. Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside. (Class E)
468
Letter designations in fire door classifications are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. The designation "Class C" fire door is used for:
A. Openings in fire walls.
B. Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions.
C. Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less.
D. Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building.
E. Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside.
C. Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less. (Class C)
________________________________
A. Openings in fire walls. (Class A)
B. Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions. (Class B)
C. Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less. (Class C)
D. Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building. (Class D)
E. Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside. (Class E)
469
Letter designations in fire door classifications are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. The designation "Class D" fire door is used for:
A. Openings in fire walls.
B. Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions.
C. Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less.
D. Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building.
E. Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside.
D. Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building. (Class D)
________________________________
A. Openings in fire walls. (Class A)
B. Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions. (Class B)
C. Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less. (Class C)
D. Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building. (Class D)
E. Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside. (Class E)
470
Letter designations in fire door classifications are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. The designation "Class E" fire door is used for:
A. Openings in fire walls.
B. Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions.
C. Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less.
D. Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building.
E. Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside.
E. Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside. (Class E)
________________________________
A. Openings in fire walls. (Class A)
B. Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions. (Class B)
C. Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less. (Class C)
D. Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building. (Class D)
E. Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside. (Class E)
471
A fire door is rated for its fire resistance in a manner somewhat similar to that used for fire resistive structural assemblies. Existing fire doors, however, having been classified by using either a letter designation, and hourly rating, or a combination of both. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. Openings in firewalls are designated:
```
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
E. Class E.
```
A. Class A.
472
A fire door is rated for its fire resistance in a manner somewhat similar to that used for fire resistive structural assemblies. Existing fire doors, however, having been classified by using either a letter designation, and hourly rating, or a combination of both. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions are designated:
```
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
E. Class E.
```
B. Class B.
473
A fire door is rated for its fire resistance in a manner somewhat similar to that used for fire resistive structural assemblies. Existing fire doors, however, having been classified by using either a letter designation, and hourly rating, or a combination of both. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less are designated:
```
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
E. Class E.
```
C. Class C.
474
A fire door is rated for its fire resistance in a manner somewhat similar to that used for fire resistive structural assemblies. Existing fire doors, however, having been classified by using either a letter designation, and hourly rating, or a combination of both. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building are designated:
```
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
E. Class E.
```
D. Class D.
475
A fire door is rated for its fire resistance in a manner somewhat similar to that used for fire resistive structural assemblies. Existing fire doors, however, having been classified by using either a letter designation, and hourly rating, or a combination of both. These letter designations are no longer used, but they are included here because they may be encountered in a historical perspective or in existing installations. Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside are designated:
```
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
E. Class E.
```
E. Class E.
476
1/2- hour and 1/3-hour fire doors are primarily used:
A. In smoke barriers and openings to corridors.
B. In vertical shaft enclosures.
C. In exit enclosures.
D. In stairwell enclosures.
A. In smoke barriers and openings to corridors.
477
Building codes determine the fire protection rating of fire doors that are required for various openings. Codes typically require ____ or ____ rated doors in fire walls of greater than a 2-hour rating.
A. 4- or 3-hour.
B. 3- or 2-hour.
C. 2- or 1-hour.
D. 2- or 1 1/2-hour.
A. 4- or 3-hour.
478
Building codes determine the fire protection rating of fire doors that are required for various openings. Doors rated at _____ are normally required for 2-hour rated vertical enclosures.
```
A. 4-hours.
B. 3-hours.
C. 2-hours.
D. 1 1/2-hours.
E. 1-hour.
```
D. 1 1/2-hours.
479
Building codes determine the fire protection rating of fire doors that are required for various openings. _____ doors are used for one hour vertical shaft enclosures and exit enclosures.
```
A. 4-hour.
B. 3-hour.
C. 2-hour.
D. 1 1/2-hour.
E. 1-hour.
```
E. 1-hour.
480
Building codes determine the fire protection rating of fire doors that are required for various openings. A few apparent inconsistencies maybe encountered in this area of fire protection and the fire official should be aware of them. For example, a code may permit an opening in a 2-hour stairwell enclosure to be protected with a _____ fire door.
```
A. 4-hour.
B. 3-hour.
C. 2-hour.
D. 1 1/2-hour.
E. 1-hour.
```
D. 1 1/2-hour. (instead of a 2-hour rated door.)
481
Building codes determine the fire protection rating of fire doors that are required for various openings. A few apparent inconsistencies maybe encountered in this area of fire protection and the fire official should be aware of them. For example, a code may require _____ fire doors to protect an opening in a 4-hour wall.
```
A. Two 4-hour.
B. Two 3-hour.
C. Two 2-hour.
D. Two 1 1/2-hour.
E. Two 1-hour.
```
B. Two 3-hour. (and not permit a 3-hour door to be used in combination with a 1 1/2-hour door to satisfy the requirement.)
482
The requirement for _____ doors on a 4-hour fire wall may at first seem like an overkill. However, some authorities view it as a means for increasing the reliability of the protection for the wall opening in that the requirement increases the probability that at least one of the doors will close.
```
A. Two 4-hour.
B. Two 3-hour.
C. Two 2-hour.
D. Two 1 1/2-hour.
E. Two 1-hour.
```
B. Two 3-hour.
483
A fire door may also be found with a combination classification, such as a _____ rating. This designation means that the door is intended to protect an opening in a vertical shaft and has a 1 1/2-hour rating.
A. Class A 1 1/2-hour.
B. Class B 1 1/2-hour.
C. Class A 1-hour.
D. Class B 1-hour.
B. Class B 1 1/2-hour.
484
Building codes determine the fire protection rating of fire doors that are required for various openings. Codes typically require 4- or 3-hour rated doors in fire walls of greater than a _____ rating.
```
A. 4-hour.
B. 3-hour.
C. 2-hour.
D. 1 1/2-hour.
E. 1-hour.
```
C. 2-hour.
485
Building codes determine the fire protection rating of fire doors that are required for various openings. Doors rated at 1 1/2-hours are normally required for _____ rated vertical enclosures.
```
A. 4-hour.
B. 3-hour.
C. 2-hour.
D. 1 1/2-hour.
E. 1-hour.
```
C. 2-hour.
486
Building codes determine the fire protection rating of fire doors that are required for various openings. 1-hour doors are used for _____ vertical shaft enclosures and exit enclosures.
```
A. 4-hour.
B. 3-hour.
C. 2-hour.
D. 1 1/2-hour.
E. 1-hour.
```
E. 1-hour.
487
Building codes determine the fire protection rating of fire doors that are required for various openings. A few apparent inconsistencies maybe encountered in this area of fire protection and the fire official should be aware of them. For example, a code may permit an opening in a _____ stairwell enclosure to be protected with a 1 1/2-hour rated fire door rather than a _____ door.
```
A. 4-hour.
B. 3-hour.
C. 2-hour.
D. 1 1/2-hour.
E. 1-hour.
```
C. 2-hour.
488
Building codes determine the fire protection rating of fire doors that are required for various openings. A few apparent inconsistencies maybe encountered in this area of fire protection and the fire official should be aware of them. For example, a code may require two 3-hour fire doors to protect an opening in a _____ wall.
```
A. 4-hour.
B. 3-hour.
C. 2-hour.
D. 1 1/2-hour.
E. 1-hour.
```
A. 4-hour.
| and NOT permit a 3-hour door to be used in combination with a 1 1/2-hour door to satisfy the requirement.
489
The requirement for two 3-hour doors on a _____ fire wall may at first seem like an overkill. However, some authorities view it as a means for increasing the reliability of the protection for the wall opening in that the requirement increases the probability that at least one of the doors will close.
```
A. 4-hour.
B. 3-hour.
C. 2-hour.
D. 1 1/2-hour.
E. 1-hour.
```
A. 4-hour.
490
Fire doors are rated as:
A. 4 hours, 3 hours, 1 1/2 hours, 1 hour, 3/4 hour, 1/2 hour, and 20 minutes.
B. 4 hours, 3 hours, 2 hours, 1 1/2 hours, 1 hour, 3/4 hour, 1/2 hour, and 20 minutes.
C. 4 hours, 3 hours, 2 1/2 hours, 2 hours, 1 1/2 hours, 1 hour, 3/4 hour, 1/2 hour, and 20 minutes.
D. 4 hours, 3 1/2 hours, 3 hours, 2 1/2 hours, 2 hours, 1 1/2 hours, 1 hour, 3/4 hour, 1/2 hour, and 20 minutes.
A. 4 hours, 3 hours, 1 1/2 hours, 1 hour, 3/4 hour, 1/2 hour, and 20 minutes. (TRUE)
491
Exiting fire doors, classified by using a letter designation, may be classified:
A. A,B,& C.
B. A,B,C,& D.
C. A,B,C,D,& E.
D. A,B,C,D,E,& F.
C. A,B,C,D,& E. (True)
492
The Steiner Tunnel Test is the most commonly used method for evaluating the surface burning characteristics of materials. It produces a numerical evaluation of the flammability of interior materials, which is known as the flame-spread rating. It also provides the smoke developed rating. The smoke developed rating is:
A. An indication of the toxicity of the products of combustion.
B. A measurement of completely transparent products of combustion.
C. A measurement of the combined effects of heat, irritation, and toxicity.
D. A measure of the relative visual obscurity created by the smoke.
D. A measure of the relative visual obscurity created by the smoke.
493
Exterior loads can be classified according to the manner in which they are applied. These different loads create different stresses with the material. An eccentric load is defined as:
A. Offset from the center of the cross-section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section.
B. A load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section.
C. A load that involves motion. They include forces arising from the wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, firefighters, and falling objects.
D. A load that is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section.
E. A load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually. They include the dead load of a building, the snow load, and many live loads.
D. A load that is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section. (Eccentric load)
________________________________
A. Offset from the center of the cross-section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section. (Torsional load)
B. A load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section. (Axial load)
C. A load that involves motion. They include forces arising from the wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, firefighters, and falling objects. (Dynamic loads)
E. A load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually. They include the dead load of a building, the snow load, and many live loads. (Static load)
494
Exterior loads can be classified according to the manner in which they are applied. These different loads create different stresses with the material. A dynamic load is defined as:
A. Offset from the center of the cross-section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section.
B. A load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section.
C. A load that involves motion. They include forces arising from the wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, firefighters, and falling objects.
D. A load that is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section.
E. A load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually. They include the dead load of a building, the snow load, and many live loads.
C. A load that involves motion. They include forces arising from the wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, firefighters, and falling objects. (Dynamic loads)
________________________________
A. Offset from the center of the cross-section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section. (Torsional load)
B. A load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section. (Axial load)
C. A load that involves motion. They include forces arising from the wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, firefighters, and falling objects. (Dynamic loads)
D. A load that is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section. (Eccentric load)
E. A load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually. They include the dead load of a building, the snow load, and many live loads. (Static load)
495
Exterior loads can be classified according to the manner in which they are applied. These different loads create different stresses with the material. An axial load is defined as:
A. Offset from the center of the cross-section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section.
B. A load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section.
C. A load that involves motion. They include forces arising from the wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, firefighters, and falling objects.
D. A load that is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section.
E. A load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually. They include the dead load of a building, the snow load, and many live loads.
B. A load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section. (Axial load)
________________________________
A. Offset from the center of the cross-section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section. (Torsional load)
B. A load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section. (Axial load)
C. A load that involves motion. They include forces arising from the wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, firefighters, and falling objects. (Dynamic loads)
D. A load that is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section. (Eccentric load)
E. A load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually. They include the dead load of a building, the snow load, and many live loads. (Static load)
496
Exterior loads can be classified according to the manner in which they are applied. These different loads create different stresses with the material. A static load is defined as:
A. Offset from the center of the cross-section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section.
B. A load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section.
C. A load that involves motion. They include forces arising from the wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, firefighters, and falling objects.
D. A load that is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section.
E. A load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually. They include the dead load of a building, the snow load, and many live loads.
E. A load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually. They include the dead load of a building, the snow load, and many live loads. (Static load)
________________________________
A. Offset from the center of the cross-section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section. (Torsional load)
B. A load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section. (Axial load)
C. A load that involves motion. They include forces arising from the wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, firefighters, and falling objects. (Dynamic loads)
D. A load that is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section. (Eccentric load)
E. A load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually. They include the dead load of a building, the snow load, and many live loads. (Static load)
497
Exterior loads can be classified according to the manner in which they are applied. These different loads create different stresses with the material. A torsional load is defined as:
A. Offset from the center of the cross-section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section.
B. A load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section.
C. A load that involves motion. They include forces arising from the wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, firefighters, and falling objects.
D. A load that is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section.
E. A load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually. They include the dead load of a building, the snow load, and many live loads.
A. Offset from the center of the cross-section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross-section. (Torsional load)
________________________________
B. A load applied to the center of the cross-section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section. (Axial load)
C. A load that involves motion. They include forces arising from the wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, firefighters, and falling objects. (Dynamic loads)
D. A load that is perpendicular to the cross-section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross-section. (Eccentric load)
E. A load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually. They include the dead load of a building, the snow load, and many live loads. (Static load)
498
Most stairs provide a dual role as a building system. First, they enable occupants to access various levels of the structure. Second, they serve as basic components of building egress during an emergency. _____ extend in a straight line for their entire length. Landings maybe found, breaking up the stairs vertical travel at intervals specified by codes.
```
A. Convenience stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Straight-run stairs.
D. Scissor stairs.
E. Circular stairs.
F. Folding stairs.
G. Spiral stairs.
```
C. Straight-run stairs.
499
Most stairs provide a dual role as a building system. First, they enable occupants to access various levels of the structure. Second, they serve as basic components of building egress during an emergency. _____ have an intermediate landing between floors and reverse direction at that point. They may have more than one landing where the height between floors is greater than normal. This type of stair design is common in modern construction.
```
A. Convenience stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Straight-run stairs.
D. Scissor stairs.
E. Circular stairs.
F. Folding stairs.
G. Spiral stairs.
```
B. Return stairs.
500
Most stairs provide a dual role as a building system. First, they enable occupants to access various levels of the structure. Second, they serve as basic components of building egress during an emergency. _____ are two separate sets of stairs constructed in a common shaft; each set serves every floor but on alternately opposite sides of the stair shaft.
```
A. Convenience stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Straight-run stairs.
D. Scissor stairs.
E. Circular stairs.
F. Folding stairs.
G. Spiral stairs.
```
D. Scissor stairs.
501
Most stairs provide a dual role as a building system. First, they enable occupants to access various levels of the structure. Second, they serve as basic components of building egress during an emergency. _____ are often found as grand stairs or convenience stairs serving only two levels. The minimum width of the run is usually 10 inches, a special requirement for theses stairs is that the small radius is is not less than twice the width of the stairway.
```
A. Convenience stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Straight-run stairs.
D. Scissor stairs.
E. Circular stairs.
F. Folding stairs.
G. Spiral stairs.
```
E. Circular stairs.
502
Most stairs provide a dual role as a building system. First, they enable occupants to access various levels of the structure. Second, they serve as basic components of building egress during an emergency. _____
are typically found in dwellings where they are used to provide access to an attic space that does not have a permanent access stair.
```
A. Convenience stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Straight-run stairs.
D. Scissor stairs.
E. Circular stairs.
F. Folding stairs.
G. Spiral stairs.
```
F. Folding stairs.
503
Most stairs provide a dual role as a building system. First, they enable occupants to access various levels of the structure. Second, they serve as basic components of building egress during an emergency. _____
allows stairs to be placed in a very small space. Consists of a series of steps around a single column; each thread is tapered and connects the column at the threads narrow end.
```
A. Convenience stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Straight-run stairs.
D. Scissor stairs.
E. Circular stairs.
F. Folding stairs.
G. Spiral stairs.
```
G. Spiral stairs.
504
Most stairs provide a dual role as a building system. First, they enable occupants to access various levels of the structure. Second, they serve as basic components of building egress during an emergency. _____ are typically open and are limited by code to connecting only two levels. They are not part of the means of egress.
```
A. Convenience stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Straight-run stairs.
D. Scissor stairs.
E. Circular stairs.
F. Folding stairs.
G. Spiral stairs.
```
A. Convenience stairs.
505
The ductwork associated with a forced-air HVAC system can provide a path for communication of heat and smoke through a building. In addition, the ducts must frequently penetrate fire-rated assemblies where they can create an opening that can destroy the integrity of the assembly. HVAC ducts often travel vertically up through a multistory building. With a few minor exceptions, the codes require that HVAC ducts be enclosed in a fire-rated shaft enclosure. For example, NFPA 90A requires that the enclosure be _____ rated for buildings "less than four stories" in height.
A. 4-hour.
B. 3-hour.
C. 2-hour.
D. 1-hour.
D. 1-hour.
506
The ductwork associated with a forced-air HVAC system can provide a path for communication of heat and smoke through a building. In addition, the ducts must frequently penetrate fire-rated assemblies where they can create an opening that can destroy the integrity of the assembly. HVAC ducts often travel vertically up through a multistory building. With a few minor exceptions, the codes require that HVAC ducts be enclosed in a fire-rated shaft enclosure. For example, NFPA 90A requires that the enclosure be _____ rated for buildings "greater than four stories" in height.
A. 4-hour.
B. 3-hour.
C. 2-hour.
D. 1-hour.
C. 2-hour.
507
Transformers are used to convert high-voltage electricity, as supplied by the electric utility service, to an appropriate voltage for use in the building. Transformers generate heat, and the method of cooling the unit directly affects the hazard presented to emergency response personnel. Transformers are located in rooms or vaults that may be inside or outside the building. When transformers are located inside the building, they are generally located at or near grade. However, they may also be located on upper levels in high-rise buildings. When transformers are inside, the transformer rooms or vaults are required by code to be enclosed in _____ rated construction if not protected by automatic sprinklers.
A. 1-hour.
B. 2-hour.
C. 3-hour.
D. 4-hour.
C. 3-hour. (Non-sprinkler protected)
508
Transformers are used to convert high-voltage electricity, as supplied by the electric utility service, to an appropriate voltage for use in the building. Transformers generate heat, and the method of cooling the unit directly affects the hazard presented to emergency response personnel. Transformers are located in rooms or vaults that may be inside or outside the building. When transformers are located inside the building, they are generally located at or near grade. However, they may also be located on upper levels in high-rise buildings. When transformers are inside, the transformer rooms or vaults are required by code to be enclosed in _____ rated construction if they are protected by automatic sprinklers.
A. 1-hour.
B. 2-hour.
C. 3-hour.
D. 4-hour.
A. 1-hour. (Sprinkler protected)
509
Foundations are divided into two types: shallow and deep. A shallow foundation transfers the weight of the building to the soil at the base of the building. Deep foundations penetrate the layers of soil directly under the building to reach soil at a greater depth that can support the weight of the building. A footing is described as:
A. A thick slab beneath the entire area of the building.
B. That part of the building that rests on the bearing soil and is wider than the foundation wall.
C. The volume of earth excavated will approximately equal the weight of the building supported.
D. Timber, steel, or precast concrete members driven into the ground and develop their load-carrying ability either through friction with the surrounding soil or by being driven into contact with rock, or a load-bearing soil layer.
B. That part of the building that rests on the bearing soil and is wider than the foundation wall. (Footing)
________________________________
A. A thick slab beneath the entire area of the building. (Mat foundation)
C. The volume of earth excavated will approximately equal the weight of the building supported. (Floating foundation)
D. Timber, steel, or precast concrete members driven into the ground and develop their load-carrying ability either through friction with the surrounding soil or by being driven into contact with rock, or a load-bearing soil layer. (Piles)
510
Thermoplastic composite lumber is a wood-like product produced from woodfiber and polyvinylchloride (PVC). It is a product developed as an alternative to preservative-treated lumber. The main application of thermoplastic composite lumber is:
A. In the construction of exterior corner and trim boards.
B. In the construction of structural framing of a building such as beams and studs.
C. In the construction of outside decks and railings.
D. In the construction of trusses.
C. In the construction of outside decks and railings.
511
Thermoplastic composite lumber is a combustible product with a flame spread rating of _____ . Firefighters need to be aware that decks constructed of thermoplastic composite lumber may look at first glance like wood but under fire conditions will melt like plastic.
A. 80.
B. 100.
C. 120.
D. 140.
A. 80.
512
Steel is a strong and noncombustible building material. Steel is used in applications varying from heavy beams and columns to door frames and nails. The firefighter must understand that the behavior of steel under fire conditions depends on the mass of the steel and the degree of fire resistance provided. To the fire service, the most significant characteristic of steel is:
A. It is the strongest of the building materials.
B. Consistent quality due to controlled industrial process used in its manufacture.
C. The deterioration of the strength of steel at elevated temperatures.
D. The tendency to rust when exposed to air and moisture.
C. The deterioration of the strength of steel at elevated temperatures.
513
Steel is basically an alloy of iron and carbon. Common structural steel has less than 0.3% carbon. Cast iron, by contrast, has a carbon content of 3 - 4%. The higher carbon content of cast-iron produces a material that is hard but brittle. The lower carbon content of steel results in a material that is ductile rather than brittle. The basic properties of steel are as follows... the exception is:
A. Strongest of the building materials.
B. Non-rotting, resistant to aging, and dimensionally stable.
C. Consistent quality due to a controlled industrial process used in its manufacture.
D. Relatively inexpensive, but strength and variety of forms enable it to be used in smaller quantities than other materials.
D. Relatively "inexpensive", but strength and variety of forms enable it to be used in smaller quantities than other materials. (FALSE "expensive")
514
Steel possesses two inherent disadvantages... the exception is:
A. Tendency to rust when exposed to air and moisture.
B. Loss of strength when exposed to the heat of a fire.
C. Is a product that is hard but brittle.
C. Is a product that is hard but brittle. (FALSE - cast iron)
515
Precast concrete slabs for floor systems can be cast in standard shapes that include solid slabs, hollow-core slabs, single tee slabs, and double tee slabs. Tee slabs can be used for spans up to _____ .
A. 30 feet.
B. 60 feet.
C. 90 feet.
D. 120 feet.
D. 120 feet. (Tee slaps)
516
Precast concrete slabs for floor systems can be cast in standard shapes that include solid slabs, hollow-core slabs, single tee slabs, and double tee slabs. Solid slabs can be used for spans up to _____ .
A. 30 feet.
B. 60 feet.
C. 90 feet.
D. 120 feet.
A. 30 feet. (Solid slabs)
517
Pitched roofs have inclined surfaces. They may be categorized into low slope roofs and medium to high slope roofs. Pitched roofs are designed in a number of styles that are determined by climate, function, and aesthetic conditions. The _____ is described as: "A roof style that slopes in two directions - basically to shed roofs that meet after their eaves."
A. Butterfly roof.
B. Shed roof.
C. Gable roof.
D. Gambrel roof.
A. Butterfly roof.
518
The most significant and obvious feature of modern high-rise buildings is their height. Today, high-rise buildings are of fire resistant construction. Often a high-rise building will be constructed of a combination of reinforced concrete and protected steelframe. Typically, model building codes require a _____ fire resistance for floor construction.
A. 1-hour.
B. 2-hour.
C. 3-hour.
D. 4-hour.
B. 2-hour.
| & a 2- or 3-hour fire resistance for the structural frame
519
The most significant and obvious feature of modern high-rise buildings is their height. Today, high-rise buildings are of fire resistant construction. Often a high-rise building will be constructed of a combination of reinforced concrete and protected steel-frame. (According to BC) Typically, model building codes require a _____ fire resistance for a structural frame of a high-rise building depending on the number of stories and occupancy.
A. 2 or 4-hour.
B. 3 or 4-hour.
C. 2 or 3-hour.
D. 1 or 2-hour.
C. 2 or 3-hour. (According to BC p.343)
520
The common means of performing demolition includes both piecemeal and controlled collapse. Both means require a well-thought-out plan. Such planning is especially critical when the building being demolished is close to other structures. Piecemeal demolition is performed by using _____ and machines.
```
A. Demolition ball.
B. Hydraulic pusher arms.
C. Hand tools.
D. Explosives.
E. Wire rope pulling.
```
C. Hand tools.
521
The common means of performing demolition includes both piecemeal and controlled collapse. Both means require a well-thought-out plan. Such planning is especially critical when the building being demolished is close to other structures. Controlled collapse is performed by using the following... the exception is:
```
A. Crane with demolition ball.
B. Hydraulic pusher arms.
C. Wire rope pulling.
D. Explosives.
E. Hand tools and machines.
```
E. Hand tools and machines. (FALSE - Piecemeal)
522
Explosions whether accidental or deliberate frequently result in building collapse. Often, accidental explosions are the result of _____ within a building.
A. Terrorist activities.
B. Kitchen accidents.
C. Natural gas leaks.
D. HVAC systems.
C. Natural gas leaks.
523
Explosions whether accidental or deliberate frequently result in building collapse. Common sources of explosions in buildings include the following... the exception is:
```
A. Natural gas leaks.
B. Boiler furnaces.
C. Gasoline vapors.
D. Finely powdered dust.
E. Storage of fireworks or blasting agents.
F. Methamphetamine labs.
G. Kitchen accidents.
H. Rare, but increasing threat of terrorist activities throughout the world.
```
G. Kitchen accidents. (FALSE)
524
A fundamental fire concern with Type III construction is:
A. Combustible concealed spaces that are created between floor and ceiling joists.
B. Combustible concealed spaces that are created between studs in partition walls when they are covered with interior finish materials.
C. Combustible concealed spaces that are created between floor and ceiling joists and between studs in partition walls when they are covered with interior finish materials.
D. The creation of combustible voids and channels more extensive than found in Type V construction.
C. Combustible concealed spaces that are created between floor and ceiling joists and between studs in partition walls when they are covered with interior finish materials.
525
On large, long-duration projects, some level of temporary fire protection must be provided. The most common temporary fire protection measure is the installation of standpipes with outlets. The following statement is TRUE regarding standpipes:
A. The top hose outlet should be within two stories of the uppermost floor level having a secure floor.
B. The top hose outlet should be within one story of the uppermost floor level having a secure floor.
C. Building and fire codes typically require that standpipes be extended before the construction reaches 30 feet above the lowest level of fire department access.
D. Building and fire codes typically require that standpipes be extended before the construction reaches 35 feet above the lowest level of fire department access.
B. The top hose outlet should be within one story of the uppermost floor level having a secure floor.
________________________________
Building and fire codes typically require that standpipes be extended before the construction reaches 40 FEET above the lowest level of fire department access.
526
The common means of performing demolition include both piecemeal and controlled collapse. A primary goal of the demolition process must be to:
A. Protect against vandalism.
B. Prevention of explosions.
C. Protect from scavenging.
D. Protect nearby structures.
D. Protect nearby structures.
527
On large, long-duration projects, some level of temporary fire protection must be provided. The most common temporary fire protection measure is the installation of standpipes with outlets. Considers the following:
1) The most efficient method of providing fire protection on a construction project is to make use of the permanent fire protection system as they are installed.
2) Building and fire codes typically require that standpipes be extended before the construction reaches 40 feet above the lowest level of fire department access.
3) The top hose outlet should be within one story of the uppermost level having a secure floor.
```
A. #1 & #2 are true.
B. #1 & #3 are true.
C. #2 & #3 are true.
D. All three are true.
E. All three are false.
```
D. All three are true. :)
528
Type III construction has been commonly referred to as "ordinary construction". The following statement is TRUE regarding Type III construction:
A. Type III construction is frequently constructed with interior walls of masonry.
B. Type III construction is frequently constructed with combustible structural members.
C. From a technical standpoint any noncombustible material with the required fire resistance can be used for the exterior walls of Type III construction.
D. From a technical standpoint any noncombustible material can be used for the exterior walls of Type III construction.
C. From a technical standpoint any noncombustible material with the required fire resistance can be used for the exterior walls of Type III construction. (TRUE)
529
Fire partitions are interior walls used to subdivide a floor or area of a building that do not qualify as fire walls. If the 5/8 inch gypsum wallboard where applied to both sides of 2 x 4" wood studs (or both sides of 2 1/2" steel studs) the partitions would have a _____ hour fire resistance.
A. Zero.
B. One.
C. Two.
D. Three.
B. One.
530
Although letter designations are no longer used, they are included here because they may be encountered an existing building. The letter designation "Class C" is used for openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of:
A. 1/2 or less.
B. 1 hour or less.
C. 1 1/2 hour or less.
D. 2 hour or less.
B. 1 hour or less.
531
Although letter designations are no longer used, they are included here because they may be encountered an existing building. The letter designation "Class B" is used in openings in vertical shafts and openings in _____ rated partitions.
A. 4 hour.
B. 3 hour.
C. 2 hour.
D. 1 hour or less.
C. 2 hour.
532
As a building material, wood has some disadvantages. The following statement is TRUE regarding wood as a building material:
A. The fire-retardant treatment of wood will reduce its strength.
B. Particleboard is stronger and stiffer than oriented strand board.
C. Fire-retardant treatment of wood may use chemicals that are water water-soluble that can be used for exterior applications.
D. Fire-retardant treatments used in the 1980s have been found to cause wood to increase in strength as it reacts with moisture in the air and under conditions of elevated temperatures.
A. The fire-retardant treatment of wood will reduce its strength. (TRUE)
533
Test procedures contained in NFPA 256 are used to classify roof coverings. Class A roof coverings are effective against:
A. Light fire exposure from inside a building.
B. Light fire exposure from outside a building.
C. Severe fire exposure from inside the building.
D. Severe fire exposure from outside the building.
D. Severe fire exposure from outside the building. (Class A)
534
Test procedures contained in NFPA 256 (also in ASTM E-108) are used to classify roof coverings. The test simulates severe fire exposure conditions for fires originating "outside" a building. Class A roof coverings are effective against:
A. Severe fire exposure.
B. Moderate fire exposure.
C. Light fire exposure.
D. Not effective for fire exposure.
```
A. Severe fire exposure. (Class A)
________________________________
B. Moderate fire exposure. (Class B)
C. Light fire exposure. (Class C)
D. Not effective for fire exposure. (N/A)
```
535
Test procedures contained in NFPA 256 (also in ASTM E-108) are used to classify roof coverings. The test simulates severe fire exposure conditions for fires originating "outside" a building. Class B roof coverings are effective against:
A. Severe fire exposure.
B. Moderate fire exposure.
C. Light fire exposure.
D. Not effective for fire exposure.
```
B. Moderate fire exposure. (Class B)
________________________________
A. Severe fire exposure. (Class A)
B. Moderate fire exposure. (Class B)
C. Light fire exposure. (Class C)
D. Not effective for fire exposure. (N/A)
```
536
Test procedures contained in NFPA 256 (also in ASTM E-108) are used to classify roof coverings. The test simulates severe fire exposure conditions for fires originating "outside" a building. Class C roof coverings are effective against:
A. Severe fire exposure.
B. Moderate fire exposure.
C. Light fire exposure.
D. Not effective for fire exposure.
```
C. Light fire exposure. (Class C)
________________________________
A. Severe fire exposure. (Class A)
B. Moderate fire exposure. (Class B)
C. Light fire exposure. (Class C)
D. Not effective for fire exposure. (N/A)
```
537
In the NFPA 256 Standard Method of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings, also designated in ASTM E-108, Samples of roof coverings are attached to a wooden deck measuring 3 feet 4 inches by 4 feet 4 inches. The samples are then subjected to the required test procedures. There are six separate test procedures... the exception is:
```
A. Intermittent flame exposure test.
B. Burning brand test.
C. Flying brand test.
D. Rain test.
E. Weathering test.
F. Spread of flame test.
G. Wind resistance test.
```
G. Wind resistance test. (FALSE)
538
On large, long-duration projects, some level of temporary fire protection must be provided. The most common temporary fire protection measure is the installation of standpipes with outlets. The following statement is TRUE regarding standpipes:
A. The top hose outlets should be within two stories of the uppermost floor level having a secure floor.
B. The top most hose outlets should be within 3 stories of the uppermost floor level having a secure floor.
C. Building and fire codes typically require that standpipes be extended before the construction reaches 30 feet above the lowest level of the fire department access.
D. Building a fire codes typically require that standpipes be extended before the construction reaches 40 feet above the lowest level of fire department access.
D. Building a fire codes typically require that standpipes be extended before the construction reaches 40 feet above the lowest level of fire department access. (TRUE)
________________________________
The top hose outlets should be within one story of the uppermost floor level having a secure floor.
539
Land subsidence is similar to landslides in that the ground gives way, but usually in the form of gradual sinking. The primary cause of this phenomenon in North America is:
A. Earthquakes.
B. Depression formed by the collapse of a cavern roof.
C. Removal of large amounts of underground water.
D. Decomposition of vegetation.
C. Removal of large amounts of underground water.
540
Another form of ground collapse is the sinkhole. Like landslides, sinkholes are usually sudden events. While sinkholes more often occur in the Midwest and Eastern/southeastern states (especially Florida), they can occur in all states and throughout most of Canada. They are caused by:
A. Removal of large amounts of underground water.
B. The movement of rock, earth, or debris down a slope.
C. Pumping of oil over many years under built-up areas.
D. The collapse of the ground surface into a below-ground cavity.
D. The collapse of the ground surface into a below-ground cavity. (Sinkhole)
________________________________
A. Removal of large amounts of underground water. (Land subsidence)
B. The movement of rock, earth, or debris down a slope. (Landslide)
C. Pumping of oil over many years under built-up areas. (Land subsidence)
541
_____ are usually caused by cavities that are created by the interaction of groundwater with rock formations that are water soluble. However, they can occur over areas that have been subjected to underground mining, or more commonly in urban areas as a result of water-main breaks.
A. Landslides.
B. Earthquakes.
C. Land subsidence.
D. Sinkholes.
D. Sinkholes.
542
In the field of building fire protection there are two basic concepts that complement each other: active fire protection and passive fire protection. An example of passive fire protection is:
A. Automatic sprinkler system.
B. Fire alarm system.
C. Compartmentation.
D. Portable fire extinguisher.
C. Compartmentation. (Passive)
543
_____ consists of equipment such as an automatic sprinkler system or fire alarm system that require a power source for operation. This power source may be manual, such as in the case with portable fire extinguishers.
A. Active fire protection.
B. Passive fire protection.
C. Automatic fire protection.
D. Aggressive fire protection.
A. Active fire protection.
544
_____ relies on building construction and materials to contain fire or products of combustion. Examples include fire walls or stair enclosures.
A. Active fire protection.
B. Passive fire protection.
C. Automatic fire protection.
D. Aggressive fire protection.
B. Passive fire protection.
545
Consider the following about fire and smoke containment:
1) Active fire protection extinguishes or controls a fire.
2) While passive fire protection limits the spread of fire.
A. #1 is true.
B. #2 is true.
C. #1 & #2 are both true.
D. #1 & #2 are both false.
C. #1 & #2 are both true.
546
The following are examples of active fire protection... the exception is:
A. Fire doors.
B. Fire extinguishers.
C. Sprinkler system.
D. Fire alarm system.
A. Fire doors. (Passive)
547
The following are examples of passive fire protection... the exception is:
```
A. Smoke detectors.
B. Firewalls.
C. Fire partitions.
D. Enclosure walls.
E. Shaft walls.
F. Fire doors.
G. Compartmentation.
```
A. Smoke detectors. (Active)
548
The strength of wood varies significantly with species, grade, and direction of load with respect to grain. The following statement is FALSE regarding the strength of wood.
A. Wood is stronger in a direction parallel to the grain than against the grain.
B. As water leaves the wood, the wood begins to increase in strength.
C. Most structural lumber has a moisture content of 19% or less.
D. The allowable tensile strength of wood is comparable to steel.
D. The allowable tensile strength of wood is "comparable to steel". (FALSE - "700 psi")
-----------------------------------------
Per book: "On the basis of strength to unit weight, wood has a tensile strength comparable to steel. Typically defects in wood, however, greatly reduce this comparison, so the allowable tensile strength of wood is about 700 psi."
549
Non-reinforced masonry walls are usually limited to a maximum height of around _____ .
A. 8 stories.
B. 6 stories.
C. 4 stories.
D. 2 stories.
B. 6 stories.
550
Steel is basically an alloy of iron and carbon. Common structural steel has less than 3/10 of 1% carbon. Cast iron, by contrast has a carbon content of 3 to 4%. The following statement is TRUE regarding steel:
A. Manganese can be added to steel to increase its strength.
B. Consistent quality is due to controlled industrial process used in steel's manufacture.
C. Lower carbon content in steel results in a material that is brittle rather than ductile.
D. Steel is relatively inexpensive.
B. Consistent quality is due to controlled industrial process used in steel's manufacture. (TRUE)
551
The composition of steel can be altered by adding other materials. _____ , for example, can be added to increase strength.
A. Manganese.
B. Vanadium.
C. Molybdenum.
D. Lead.
```
C. Molybdenum. (Strength)
________________________________
A. Manganese. (Resistance to abrasion)
B. Vanadium. (Strength&Toughness)
C. Molybdenum. (Strength)
D. Lead. (N/A)
```
552
The composition of steel can be altered by adding other materials. _____ increases steel's strength and toughness.
A. Manganese.
B. Vanadium.
C. Molybdenum.
D. Lead.
```
B. Vanadium. (Strength&Toughness)
________________________________
A. Manganese. (Resistance to abrasion)
B. Vanadium. (Strength&Toughness)
C. Molybdenum. (Strength)
D. Lead. (N/A)
```
553
The composition of steel can be altered by adding other materials. _____ increases the resistance of steel to abrasion.
A. Manganese.
B. Vanadium.
C. Molybdenum.
D. Lead.
```
A. Manganese. (Resistance to abrasion)
________________________________
B. Vanadium. (Strength&Toughness)
C. Molybdenum. (Strength)
D. Lead. (N/A)
```
554
An automatic fire protection system, especially an automatic sprinkler system, is the _____ in a building. If the sprinkler system is properly designed and maintained, incipient fires will be promptly detected and controlled.
A. First line of offense.
B. Last line of offense.
C. First line of defense.
D. Last line of defense.
C. First line of defense.
555
In engineering, failure is said to have occurred when a part is no longer capable of performing its required function in a satisfactory manner. Potential sources of building failure under fire conditions can include all of the following... the exception is:
A. Structural integrity.
B. Building systems.
C. Building classification.
D. Building deficiencies.
C. Building classification. (FALSE)
556
To provide accessibility for disabled individuals, the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) requires the removal of architectural barriers. This imposes on the architect an additional set of requirements in the design process. Some of the specific building elements that must be designed to accommodate individuals with disabilities include... the exception is:
```
A. Building entrances.
B. Parking and passenger loading zone.
C. Drinking fountains. (36 inches)
D. Elevator operation.
E. Toilet facilities.
F. Alarms (visible and/or audible).
G. Telephones.
H. Automated teller machines.
I. Means of egress.
```
D. Elevator "operation". (FALSE)
- just "Elevators" is true, not their operation.
557
NFPA 220 standard on types of building construction designates each classification by a three digit number code. The first number in a Type I 443 designation would indicate:
A. The fire resistance rating of the exterior bearing walls.
B. The fire resistance rating of the structural frame.
C. The fire resistance rating of the columns and characters.
D. The fire resistance rating of the floor construction.
A. The fire resistance rating of the exterior bearing walls. (1st digit)
________________________________
B. The fire resistance rating of the structural frame. (2nd digit)
C. The fire resistance rating of the columns and characters. (2nd digit)
D. The fire resistance rating of the floor construction. (3rd digit)
558
NFPA 220 standard on types of building construction designates each classification by a three digit number code. In a Type I 443 designation:
1) The 1st digit refers to the fire-resistance rating (in hours) of exterior bearing walls.
2) The 2nd digit refers to the fire-resistance rating of structural frames or columns and girders that support loads of more than one floor.
3) The 3rd digit indicates the fire-resistance rating of the floor construction.
```
A. #1 & #2 are true.
B. #1 & #3 are true.
C. #2 & #3 are true.
D. All three are true.
E. All three are false.
```
D. All three are true.
559
The _____ is the weight of the structure, structural members, building components, and any other feature that is permanently fixed in location and accurately known.
A. Impact load.
B. Static load.
C. Dead load.
D. Live load.
C. Dead load.
560
_____ are loads that are applied slowly and remain nearly constant. For example, the filling of a water tank.
A. Impact load.
B. Static load.
C. Dead load.
D. Live load.
B. Static load.
561
_____ is any load that is not fixed or permanent. Although it can include wind and seismic loads, the term is usually applied to building contents, occupants, and the weight of snow or rain on the roof.
A. Impact load.
B. Static load.
C. Dead load.
D. Live load.
D. Live load.
562
_____ are loads that involve motion. They include the forces arising from winds, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, firefighters, and falling objects. They differ from other loads in that they are capable of delivering energy to a structure in addition to the weight of an object.
A. Impact load.
B. Static load.
C. Dead load.
D. Live load.
A. Impact load.
aka Dynamic load or Shock loading
563
In addition to the manner in which loads are applied externally to structural members, it is important to be aware of the forces within the material that result from external loads.
1) Compression is the force that tends to pull material part.
2) Tension is the force that tends to slide one plane of material past an adjacent plane.
3) Shear is a force that tends to squeeze the material together.
A. #1 & #2 are false.
B. #1 & #3 are false.
C. #2 & #3 are false.
D. All three are false
D. All three are false
________________________________
Correctly stated:
1) Compression is a force that tends to squeeze the material together.
2) Tension is the force that tends to pull material part.
3) Shear is the force that tends to slide one plane of material past an adjacent plane.
564
A(n) _____ is supported at each end and is free to rotate at the ends.
A. Beam.
B. Cantilever beam.
C. Simple supported beam.
D. I-beam.
C. Simple supported beam.
565
A(n) _____ is a structural member that can carry loads perpendicular to its longitudinal dimension.
A. Beam.
B. Cantilever beam.
C. Simple supported beam.
D. I-beam.
A. Beam.
566
A(n) _____ is supported at one end; are often used to support balconies.
A. Beam.
B. Cantilever beam.
C. Simple supported beam.
D. I-beam.
B. Cantilever beam.
567
A(n) _____ has top and bottom flanges. These top and bottom flanges support most of the load, any alteration or cut to them can greatly effective/reduce its strength.
A. Beam.
B. Cantilever beam.
C. Simple supported beam.
D. I-beam.
D. I-beam.
568
An _____ is applied to the center of the cross-section of the structural member and perpendicular to that cross-section.
A. Dead load.
B. Eccentric load.
C. Torsional load.
D. Axial load.
D. Axial load.
569
Trusses are framed structural units made of a group of triangles in one plane. There are a number of common roof trusses used in building construction... the exception is:
```
A. King post.
B. Parabolic curve.
C. Fink.
D. Sawtooth.
E. Inverted king post.
F. Inverted queen post.
G. Howe.
H. Pratt.
I. Chambered Fink.
J. Scissors.
K. Hammerbeam truss.
L. Warren trusses.
M. Bowstring.
N. K truss.
O. Truss with Monitor.
```
B. Parabolic curve. (FALSE)
570
Which of the following trusses is commonly used in mobile homes?
```
A. King post.
B. Parabolic curve.
C. Fink.
D. Sawtooth.
E. Inverted king post.
F. Inverted queen post.
G. Howe.
H. Pratt.
I. Chambered Fink.
J. Scissors.
K. Hammerbeam truss.
L. Warren trusses.
M. Bowstring.
N. K truss.
O. Truss with Monitor.
```
M. Bowstring.
571
_____ have an intermediate landing between floors and reverse direction at that point. Where the heights between floors are greater than normal, they will have more than one intermediate landing. _____ are very frequently used in modern construction.
A. Straight run stairs.
B. Return stairs.
C. Access stairs.
D. Scissor stairs.
B. Return stairs.
572
An elevator hoistway is the vertical shaft in which the elevator car travels and includes the elevator pit. Insulations with more than one elevator in a common shaft are known as multiple hoistways. A large building may contain more than one multiple-hoistway, but each hoistway is limited by code to no more than _____ elevators.
```
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
F. 8
```
C. 4
573
If the building contains _____ or fewer elevators, the codes permit them to be placed in one hoistway.
```
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
F. 8
```
B. 3
574
When _____ or more elevators are provided, codes require there must be a minimum of two separate hoistways.
```
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
F. 8
```
C. 4
575
When more than one hoistway is provided, up to _____ elevators may be located in one hoistway.
```
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
F. 8
```
C. 4
576
Hoistways containing express elevators serving only upper floors of tall buildings have no entrances to the hoistway shaft between the main entrance and the lowest floor served. Single elevator hoistways that only served upper levels have access doors for rescue purposes every _____ floors or so in that proportion without normal hoistway doors.
```
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
F. 8
```
B. 3
577
In very tall buildings, elevators are divided into zones, with one zone serving the lower floors and another zone serving the upper floors. A zone usually serves _____ floors. The upper zone cars operate express from the first floor to the lowest floor of the upper zone. In some buildings, there may be more than two zones.
A. 5 - 10 floors.
B. 10 - 20 floors.
C. 15 - 20 floors.
D. 20 - 25 floors.
C. 15 - 20 floors.
578
_____ are used for express elevators that serve the upper elevator zones in tall buildings. There will be no entrances to the hoistway on floors between the main floor and the lowest floor served. If a single car hoistway is used, however, access doors will be provided for rescue purposes (generally every three floors).
A. Express hoistways.
B. Multiple hoistways.
C. Blind hoistways.
D. Super hoistways.
C. Blind hoistways.
579
Hoistways are required to be constructed of fire-resistive materials and are equipped with fire-rated door assemblies. However, some hoistways, such as those located in an atrium, are not required to be enclosed. Elevator hoistway enclosures usually are required to be a fire-rated assembly with a ____ or ____ rating, depending on the particular situation.
A. 1- or 2-hour.
B. 2- or 3-hour.
C. 2- or 4-hour.
D. 3- or 4-hour.
A. 1- or 2-hour.
580
Hoistways present a potential for acting as a vertical chimney to spread fire and smoke throughout the building. If the hoistway is not vented at the top, the accumulated hot gases and smoke may tend to _____ or spread horizontally into the upper floors. To prevent this, building codes require venting at the top of practically every hoistway built today. The codes also require fire-rated vestibules, or equivalent, at each floor to prevent smoke and hot gases from moving throughout the building.
A. Blanket.
B. Thermal layer.
C. Mushroom.
D. Leak.
C. Mushroom.
aka "Mushrooming"
581
Lead-acid batteries contain sulfuric acid and lead. Lead-acid batteries have many different names that include all of the following... the exception is:
```
A. Wet cell.
B. Gel cell.
C. Dry cell.
D. Starved electrolyte cell.
E. Sealed cell.
F. Maintenance free cell.
G. Flooded cell.
```
C. Dry cell. (FALSE)
582
Emergency power supplies that require batteries commonly use lead-acid type storage batteries. Lead-acid batteries contain significant potential hazards. One of these hazards is _____ ; on skin contact causes injury and inhalation of the acid vapors can cause serious injury or death.
A. Sulfuric acid.
B. Hydrogen gas.
C. Thermal runaway.
D. Metallic lead.
A. Sulfuric acid.
583
The acid in lead-acid batteries can react with other materials and cause a fire through chemical reaction. The acid can also release flammable _____ during battery charging and also during contact with some metals.
A. Sulfuric acid.
B. Hydrogen gas.
C. Thermal runaway.
D. Metallic lead.
B. Hydrogen gas.
584
Lead-acid batteries can undergo unusual electrochemical reactions such as _____ or a battery fire, which may require an emergency response.
A. Sulfuric acid.
B. Hydrogen gas.
C. Thermal runaway.
D. Metallic lead.
C. Thermal runaway.
585
The _____ in lead-acid batteries is a toxic heavy metal. Both long-term and short-term exposure can cause heavy heavy-metal poisoning with potentially severe health effects.
A. Sulfuric acid.
B. Hydrogen gas.
C. Thermal runaway.
D. Metallic lead.
D. Metallic lead.
586
Interior finish relates to a fire in four ways... the exception is:
A. It affects the rate of fire growth (which can lead to flashover).
B. It contributes to a fire extension by flame spread over its surface.
C. It adds to the intensity of a fire by contributing additional fuel.
D. It produces less smoke and toxic gases that can contribute to the life hazard.
D. It produces "less" smoke and toxic gases that can contribute to the life hazard. (FALSE)
587
Building codes usually classify interior finish materials according to their flame spread rating. Interior finish with a flame spread rating of 26 to 75 would be classified as:
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class E.
```
B. Class B. (26-75)
________________________________
A. Class A. (0-25)
B. Class B. (26-75)
C. Class C. (76-200)
D. Class E. (N/A)
```
588
Building codes usually classify interior finish materials according to their flame spread rating. Interior finish with a flame spread rating of 76 to 200 would be classified as:
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class E.
```
C. Class C. (76-200)
________________________________
A. Class A. (0-25)
B. Class B. (26-75)
C. Class C. (76-200)
D. Class E. (N/A)
```
589
Building codes usually classify interior finish materials according to their flame spread rating. Interior finish with a flame spread rating of 0 to 25 would be classified as:
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class E.
```
A. Class A. (0-25)
________________________________
B. Class B. (26-75)
C. Class C. (76-200)
D. Class E. (N/A)
```
590
Building codes usually classify interior finish materials according to their flame spread rating. Materials with a _____ rating are required in the vertical exits of most occupancies.
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class E.
```
A. Class A. (0-25)
________________________________
B. Class B. (26-75)
C. Class C. (76-200)
D. Class E. (N/A)
```
591
Building codes usually classify interior finish materials according to their flame spread rating. Materials with a _____ rating are required in corridors that provide exit access.
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class E.
```
B. Class B. (26-75)
________________________________
A. Class A. (0-25)
B. Class B. (26-75)
C. Class C. (76-200)
D. Class E. (N/A)
```
592
Building codes usually classify interior finish materials according to their flame spread rating. Materials with a _____ rating would be permitted in rooms with the exception of rooms in health care and assembly occupancies.
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class E.
```
C. Class C. (76-200)
________________________________
A. Class A. (0-25)
B. Class B. (26-75)
D. Class E. (N/A)
```
593
The rooms of health care and assembly occupancies will require either Class A or Class B interior finish materials. Rooms in other occupancies would be permitted to have Class C materials. Building codes generally allow an increase in flame spread rating of interior finish materials in buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler system. The maximum flame spread rating allowed, however, is _____ .
A. 100.
B. 200.
C. 300.
D. 400.
B. 200.
594
The type of foundation required depends on the soil conditions. Naturally, a foundation must support the dead and live loads, but it may need to be designed to resist other forces such as... the exception is:
A. Wind loads.
B. Soil pressure.
C. Type of building.
D. Seismic forces.
E. Uplifting forces from underground water.
F. Thrusts resulting from the support of arches, domes, and vaults.
C. Type of building. (FALSE - not a "force")
595
The main factors that determine the type of foundation to be used for a building are the soil conditions and the structural configuration (type of building). Other factors include the following... the exception is:
```
A. The working space available.
B. Environmental factors.
C. Impact on adjacent property.
D. Building codes and regulations.
E. Fire-resistance level required.
```
E. Fire-resistance level required. (FALSE)
596
Deep foundations penetrate the layers of soil directly under a building to reach soil at a greater depth that can support the weight of the building. _____ are driven into the ground and develop their load carrying capability either through friction with the surrounding soil or by being driven into contact with rock or a load bearing soil layer.
A. Piles.
B. Piers.
C. Footings.
D. Mat foundations.
A. Piles.
597
Deep foundations penetrate the layers of soil directly under a building to reach soil at a greater depth that can support the weight of the building. _____ are constructed by first drilling or digging a shaft and then filling it with concrete.
A. Piles.
B. Piers.
C. Footings.
D. Mat foundations.
B. Piers.
aka Caissions.
More accurately, the "caisson" is the protective sleeve used to keep water out of the excavation for the pier.
598
In mill construction:
1) Wood columns are usually 8 inches x 8 inches minimum.
2) Beams and girders are 6 inches x 10 inches minimum.
A. #1 is true.
B. #2 is true.
C. #1 & #2 are true.
D. #1 & #2 are false.
C. #1 & #2 are true.
Heavy Timber Construction = Mill Construction.
599
Type I construction is commonly referred to as:
```
A. Fire-resistive construction.
B. Noncombustible construction.
C. Ordinary construction.
D. Mill construction.
E. Wood-frame construction.
```
A. Fire-resistive construction.
600
Type V construction is commonly referred to as:
```
A. Fire-resistive construction.
B. Noncombustible construction.
C. Ordinary construction.
D. Mill construction.
E. Wood-frame construction.
```
E. Wood-frame construction.
601
Type III construction is commonly referred to as:
```
A. Fire-resistive construction.
B. Noncombustible construction.
C. Ordinary construction.
D. Mill construction.
E. Wood-frame construction.
```
C. Ordinary construction.
602
Type II construction is commonly referred to as:
```
A. Fire-resistive construction.
B. Noncombustible construction.
C. Ordinary construction.
D. Mill construction.
E. Wood-frame construction.
```
B. Noncombustible construction.
603
Type IV construction is commonly referred to as:
```
A. Fire-resistive construction.
B. Noncombustible construction.
C. Ordinary construction.
D. Mill construction.
E. Wood-frame construction.
```
D. Mill construction.
| or Heavy-timber construction
604
A _____ is a beam over an opening in the masonry wall. They frequently are steel angles but also can be reinforced concrete or reinforced masonry. Wood ones have been used in the past but are not used in modern practice because of shrinkage problems.
A. Lintel.
B. Arch.
C. Corbeling.
D. Pilaster.
A. Lintel.
605
Lintels and, to a lesser extent _____ , are the most common methods of supporting loads over openings in masonry walls.
A. Lintel.
B. Arches.
C. Corbeling.
D. Pilasters.
B. Arches.
606
_____ is the least common method used in supporting loads over masonry walls, it is only used where the architectural style makes it attractive.
A. Lintel.
B. Arch.
C. Corbeling.
D. Pilaster.
C. Corbeling.
607
Steel trusses provide a structural member that can carry loads across greater spans more economically than beams can. Steel trusses are frequently used in three-dimensional space frames, in which case they are called _____ .
A. Open web joist.
B. Joist girder.
C. Delta trusses.
D. I-beams.
C. Delta trusses.
608
Steel trusses provide a structural member that can carry loads across greater spans more economically than beams can. _____ are mass-produced and are available in depths of up to 6 feet and spans up to 144 feet. However, there more frequently found with depth less than 2 feet and spans of 40 feet.
A. Open web joist.
B. Joist girder.
C. Delta trusses.
D. I-beams.
A. Open web joist.
609
Open web joists are mass produced and are available with depths up to _____ and spans up to 144 feet.
A. 2 feet.
B. 4 feet.
C. 6 feet.
D. 8 feet.
C. 6 feet.
610
Open web joists are more frequently found with depths less than _____ and spans of 40 feet.
A. 2 feet.
B. 4 feet.
C. 6 feet.
D. 8 feet.
A. 2 feet.
611
Open web joists are more frequently found with depths less than 2 feer and spans of _____ .
```
A. 40 feet.
B. 44 feet.
C. 50 feet.
D. 100 feet.
E. 144 feet.
F. 150 feet.
```
A. 40 feet.
612
Open web joists are mass produced and are available with depths up to 6 feet and spans up to _____ .
```
A. 40 feet.
B. 44 feet.
C. 50 feet.
D. 100 feet.
E. 144 feet.
F. 150 feet.
```
E. 144 feet.
613
The top and bottom chords of a web joist can be made from two angles, two bars, or a T-shaped member. The diagonal member can be made from flat bars welded to the top and bottom chords or they can be a continuous round bar bent back-and-forth and welded to the chords. When round bars are used for the diagonal members, the open web truss is known as a _____ .
A. Bar joist.
B. Delta truss.
C. Girder arch.
D. Joist Girder.
A. Bar joist.
614
_____ are heavy steel trusses used to take the place of steel beams as part of the primary structural frame.
A. Bar joists.
B. Delta trusses.
C. Girder arches.
D. Joist Girders.
D. Joist Girders.
615
Gabled steel rigid-frame buildings are widely used for the construction of one-story industrial buildings, farm buildings, and a variety of other applications. The top of the rigid frame is known as the "crown" and the points where the inclined members intersect the vertical members are known as the "knees". Steel rigid frames usually are used for spans from ____ to ____ and are fabricated by welding or bolting together steel shapes and plates.
A. 40 to 100 feet.
B. 40 to 144 feet.
C. 40 to 200 feet.
D. 40 to 300 feet.
C. 40 to 200 feet.
616
Steel arches are used to support roofs on buildings where large unobstructed floors are needed. These include occupancies such as gymnasiums and convention halls. Steel arches can be constructed to span distances in excess of _____ .
A. 100 feet.
B. 144 feet.
C. 200 feet.
D. 300 feet.
D. 300 feet.
617
Protected steel is one of two common methods of providing fire-resistive construction. The other method is reinforced concrete. Although building codes specify the degree of fire resistance required for various structural members, they do permit reductions under certain circumstances. One example is as follows:
A. Eliminating the fire-resistance rating for roof construction located more than 20 feet above the floor below for some occupancies.
B. Allowing dead-end corridors to be longer than would otherwise be permitted.
C. Allowing Class B interior finishes in vertical exits of most occupancies.
D. Allowing longer travel distances to exits then would otherwise be permitted.
E. Allowing a reduction of the required fire-resistance when an automatic sprinkler system is provided that is required by the provisions of the code.
A. Eliminating the fire-resistance rating for roof construction located more than 20 feet above the floor below for some occupancies. (PERMITTED)
________________________________
E. Allowing a reduction of the required fire-resistance when an automatic sprinkler system is provided that "is required" by the provisions code. (FALSE - "is not otherwise required" would be PERMITTED)
618
Protected steel is one of two common methods of providing fire-resistive construction. The other method is reinforced concrete. Although building codes specify the degree of fire resistance required for various structural members, they do permit reductions under certain circumstances. One example is as follows:
A. Eliminating the fire-resistance rating for roof construction located more than 30 feet above the floor below for some occupancies.
B. Allowing dead-end corridors to be longer than would otherwise be permitted.
C. Allowing Class B interior finishes in vertical exits of most occupancies.
D. Allowing longer travel distances to exits then would otherwise be permitted.
E. Allowing a reduction of the required fire-resistance when an automatic sprinkler system is provided that is not otherwise required by the provisions of the code.
E. Allowing a reduction of the required fire-resistance when an automatic sprinkler system is provided that is not otherwise required by the provisions of the code. (PERMITTED)
________________________________
A. Eliminating the fire-resistance rating for roof construction located more than "30 feet" above the floor below for some occupancies. (FALSE - "20 FEET" would be PERMITTED)
619
Prestressing is widely used in concrete structures. There are two methods of prestressing concrete, pre-tensioning and post-tensioning.
1) In pretensioned concrete, steel strands are stretched between anchors producing a tensile force in the steel. Concrete is then placed around the steel strands and allowed to harden. When the concrete has hardened sufficiently, the force applied to the steel strands is released. As the force on the steel strands is released, the strands exert a compressive force in the concrete.
2) When concrete is post tensioned, the reinforcing steel is not tensioned until after the concrete has hardened. The reenforcing strands are placed in framework and converted with grease or a plastic tubing to prevent binding with the concrete. When the concrete has hardened, the strands are anchored against one end of the concrete member, and a jack is positioned at the other end. The jack is used to apply a large tensile force to the steel that stretches the steel and results in a compressive force in the concrete.
A. #1 is true.
B. #2 is true.
C. #1 & #2 are true.
D. #1 & #2 are false.
C. #1 & #2 are true.
620
Concrete structural systems can have fire-resistance ratings from 1 to 4 hours. The fire-resistance of a concrete assembly is affected by... the exception is:
```
A. Concrete density.
B. Concrete temperature.
C. Concrete thickness.
D. Load supported by concrete.
E. Concrete quality.
F. Depth of concrete cover over the reinforcing bars.
```
B. Concrete temperature. (FALSE)
621
Roofs play an important role in structural firefighting. There are several fundamental safety points that must always be kept in mind regarding roofs. The following statements are TRUE regarding roofs... the exception is:
A. Many types of roof construction have inherent concealed spaces between the ceiling and the roof deck.
B. Over time, loads may be added to roofs for which they were not originally designed.
C. Roofs are subject to wear and deterioration from the elements.
D. Roofs are usually a strong as floors because they are typically designed to support the same load as floors.
D. Roofs are usually a strong as floors because they are typically designed to support the same load as floors. (FALSE)
622
The membrane of a roof consists of weatherproofing material that keeps out rain and snow from the interior of the building. The following statement is TRUE regarding a "single-ply membrane".
A. Uses several overlapping layers of roofing felt saturate with a bye bituminous material that may be either tar or asphalt.
B. The material is applied as a liquid and allowed to cure.
C. The materials used include neoprene, silicone, polyurethane, and butyl rubber.
D. The materials used include synthetic rubber, ethyl propylene diene monomer, polyvinylchloride, and chlorinated polyethylene.
D. The materials used include synthetic rubber, ethyl propylene diene monomer, polyvinylchloride, and chlorinated polyethylene. (Single-ply membrane)
________________________________
A. Uses several overlapping layers of roofing felt saturate with a bye bituminous material that may be either tar or asphalt. (Built-up membranes)
B. The material is applied as a liquid and allowed to cure. (Fluid-applied membranes)
C. The materials used include neoprene, silicone, polyurethane, and butyl rubber. (Fluid-applied membranes)
623
In this type of membrane roofing: "The roofing felt usually is supplied in rolls 3 feet wide. The number of layers of roofing felt used varies, but 4 layers is a common design. Usually last for 20 years. "
A. Built-up membranes.
B. Single-ply membrane.
C. Fluid-applied membranes.
A. Built-up membranes.
624
In this type of membrane roofing: "Uses several overlapping layers of roofing felt saturate with a bye bituminous material that may be either tar or asphalt. Layers of roofing felt are cemented together with hot bituminous roofing cement."
A. Built-up membranes.
B. Single-ply membrane.
C. Fluid-applied membranes.
A. Built-up membranes.
625
In this type of membrane roofing: "The membrane material comes in sheets 10 or 20 feet wide and up to 200 feet long. The membranes are very thin, typically 0.03 to 0.10 inches thick. The material can be stretched and consequently will accommodate shifting in buildings."
A. Built-up membranes.
B. Single-ply membrane.
C. Fluid-applied membranes.
B. Single-ply membrane.
626
In this type of membrane roofing: "The materials used include synthetic rubber, ethyl propylene diene monomer, polyvinylchloride, and chlorinated polyethylene."
A. Built-up membranes.
B. Single-ply membrane.
C. Fluid-applied membranes.
B. Single-ply membrane.
627
In this type of membrane roofing: "Are useful for buildings with curved roof surfaces such as domes that would be difficult to cover with other materials. The material is applied as a liquid and allowed to cure. Usually several coatings are applied."
A. Built-up membranes.
B. Single-ply membrane.
C. Fluid-applied membranes.
C. Fluid-applied membranes.
628
In this type of membrane roofing: "The materials used include neoprene, silicone, polyurethane, and butyl rubber."
A. Built-up membranes.
B. Single-ply membrane.
C. Fluid-applied membranes.
C. Fluid-applied membranes.
629
The use of elevators by emergency responders during a fire event is always dangerous. The decision to use the elevators must be made carefully and certain guidelines must be followed. The following statements are all guidelines of elevator use... the exception is:
A. Be aware that all elevator cars will be on emergency power.
B. Do not use an elevator to travel to the fire floor.
C. Never use a fire or heat damaged elevator.
D. Never use an elevator that has been exposed to water.
E. Maintain the ability to communicate by radio or other means at all times.
F. Know the visual signal on the elevator control panel that indicates an impending elevator problem.
G. Be aware that power may fail at any time during a fire.
H. Become familiar with the emergency procedures required to operate elevators by training on actual local systems.
A. Be aware that all elevator cars will be on emergency power. (FALSE)
________________________________
Note: High-rise buildings for many years have had a minimum of one elevator car on emergency power.
630
The elevator code requires a _____ where the elevator hoistway or elevator room is protected by automatic sprinklers. This arrangement will shut down the power to the elevator before a sprinkler discharges water on the elevator equipment. As a result the elevator could stop between floors.
A. Shunt trip.
B. Alarm.
C. Automatic shut-off.
D. Safety shut-off.
A. Shunt trip.
631
The construction process tends to be inherently chaotic. Fire hazards, such as temporary wiring and combustible debris, exists at construction projects that would never be tolerated in a finished building. The following statement is TRUE regarding fire hazards.
A. When carefully installed, temporary wiring is protected from mechanical damage from nearby work.
B. When propane is used as the fuel on a construction site, 100 pound size cylinders are commonly used and a number of extra cylinders are always stored inside the building.
C. It is not uncommon for a fire-watch to be omitted as an economy measure.
D. Large amounts of combustible debris is generated at construction sites. At large sites, several truckloads of debris may be removed, once a week.
C. It is not uncommon for a fire-watch to be omitted as an economy measure. (FALSE)
