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D3 KID > Burgundy: Cote d'Or, Cote Chalonnaise, Maconnais > Flashcards

Burgundy: Cote d'Or, Cote Chalonnaise, Maconnais Flashcards

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1
Q

Climate in Cote d’Or, Cote Chalonnaise and Maconnais

A

Moderate continental

Cold winters, warm summers

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2
Q

Short summers in Cote d’Or useful why?

A

Suitable for early-ripening Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

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3
Q

What protects Cote d’Or from rainfall?

A

Morvan hills (to the west)

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4
Q

Maconnais climate vs Cote d’Or?

A

Typically slightly drier and warmer

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5
Q

What does a cool vintage mean for Pinot Noir?

A

Under-ripe tannins in the finished wines

So promoting ripeness of skins and seeds is a priority

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6
Q

What accounts for variations in yield and quality in Burgundy?

A

Northerly location so vineyard site and weather of given vintage
Variable weather = marked vintage variation

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7
Q

Recent warmer vintages increase threat of what in Burgundy?

A

Damage from spring frost

Warmer weather = earlier budbreak = threat if frost then hits

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8
Q

When is hail an issue in Burgundy?

A

Throughout season
April-May: damage to early growth reduces yields/loses all crop
Later: fruit damage, particularly to exposed grapes (risk of grey rot)

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9
Q

Hail netting allowed in Burgundy?

A

Historically no

Since 2018: limited anti-hail netting allowed

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10
Q

Preventative action for hail?

A

Silver iodide cannons

Induce precipitation some distance from vyds

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11
Q

Examples of villages badly affected by hail in Burg: when and where?

A

2012-2015
Volnay and Pommard
localised hail

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12
Q

Cote d’Or hills run what direction, at what altitudes?

A

Oriented north-south

Elevations 200-400m

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13
Q

Main ridge of Cote d’Or faces which direction?

A

East

But there are a range of aspects including southeast and south

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14
Q

Why is mid-slope best on Cote d’Or?

A

Well-draining shallowe soils
Good sunlight interception
Comparative frost protection
better ripening potential

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15
Q

Disadvantage of vineyards at top of slope Cote d’Or?

A

Very poor thin soil

Exposed to cooling winds

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16
Q

Disadvantage of vineyards at bottom of slope Cote d’Or

A

Deeper soils

Vulnerable to frost

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17
Q

Coolest sites on Cote d’Or used for what?

A

Aligoté

Cremant de Bourgogne

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18
Q

Are aspects more or less varied in Cote Chalonnaise and Maconanis than Cote d’Or?

A

More varied in CC and Maconnais

Less varied in Cote d’Or

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19
Q

Best sites of Pouilly-Fuissé face which direction?

A

Slopes faceing south

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20
Q

Best sites in Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Southeast facing slopes
Bouzeron
Rully

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21
Q

Soils in Cote d’Or, CC and Maconnais generally?

A

Mix of various limestones and clay, varying proportion

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22
Q

Dominant soil in Cote de Nuits

A

Limestone (Pinot Noir good)

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23
Q

Dominant soil in Cote de Beaune

A

More clay
Deeper soils
Chardonnay

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24
Q

Dominant soil(s) in Cote Chalonnaise and Maconnais

A

Mixed

Limestone and clay

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25
Erosion in Burgundy
Depth of soil above bedrock varies significant due to movement of soils down slopes by erosion Different plots of Clos de Vougeot (gentle slope) varied: thinner soils at higher elevations, deeper ones at bottom
26
Clos Vougeot: why is soil at bottom of slope more fertile?
Erosion means soil deeper here, with more clay Greater fertility = more vigour = increased danger of shading Grapes less ripe in these areas
27
Which Cote Chalonnaise village known for Aligote?
Bouzeron
28
Chardonnay buds early or late?
Early | Spring forst
29
Chardonnay ripes early or late
Early | Suitable for cool eg Burgundy
30
Can Chardonnay take high yields?
Yes without losing quality
31
Chardonnay prone to what diseases?
Grey rot Powdery Milelrandage Grapevine yellows
32
Best Burgundy soils for Chardonnay?
Limestone and clay
33
Chardonnay in Chablis style (cool climate)
Apple, pear, lemon and lime, wet stone | Light to medium bod, high acidity
34
Chardonnay in Cote d'Or style (moderate climate)
Ripe citrus, melon, stone fruit Medium to medium (+) body Medium (+) to high acid
35
In good growing seasons, what is the biggest challenge for growing quality Chardonnay in Burgundy?
Vigour management = avoid excess yield and shading, which would reduce quality
36
Pinot Noir buds early or late
Early | Spring forst
37
Pinot Noir ripens early or late
Early | Good for cool climate
38
Can Pinot Noir take high yields?
No, yields need to be limited to make quality wines
39
Pinot Noir is prone to what diseases etc?
``` Millerandage Downy Powdery Botrytis bunch rot Fan leaf Leaf roll ```
40
What happens to Pinot Noir in warm climates?
Ripens too fast (reduce intensity of aroma) | Berries shrivel, sunburn
41
Main concern when growing Pinot Noir in Burg?
Whether fruit will ripen sufficiently for ripeness of tannin, colour and flavour
42
Pinot Noir clones in Burg from where?
University of Burgundy in Dijon
43
Different Pinot clones in Burg do what?
Yield, disease tolerance, speed of ripening, fruit character
44
Burg Pinot Noir style
Strawberry, raspberry, red cherry Village wines and above have light oak smoke, clove Low to medium tannins (GC have medium + tannins) Medium alc High acidity Witha get: earth, game and mushroom
45
Poussard-Guyot
Soft method of cane pruning Maintains the same sap route from one year to next Pruning wounds only on upper part of cordon Reduce pruning wounds, cut down Esca and other trunk diseases
46
Training systems in Burgundy
Cordon eg Cordon de Royat (limits vigour, yields; lots of old wood can = disease) Guyot (traditionally, popular again now) Poussard-Guyot (soft pruning, same sap route, good for esca etc)
47
Vine density in Burg
typically 8,000-10,000 v/ha | Some higher
48
Why is denser planting good in Burgundy?
Encourage root competition | Better quality fruit, smaller berries with higher flavour intensity
49
When does de-budding take place? What can it do?
Before flowering | Manage and reduce yields
50
When does green harvest take place? What can it do?
Late in the season | Manage and reduce yields
51
Advantages and disadvantages of de-budding?
(+) promote good balance in the vine | (-) reduce yield potential early in season, a big risk if hail, frost of fungal comes
52
Adv and disadvg of green harvest?
(+) assess the size, shape and position of bunches before deciding to sacrifice any take into account unpredictable weather events (-) can lead to changes in vine development, compensation via excessive growth dilution in grapes
53
Yields in Burgundy, generally
Moderate for regional appellations | Reduce steadily as you go up the pyramid
54
Regional AOCs in Burg: yields
red: 69hl/ha white: 75hl/ha
55
Village AOCs in Burg: yields
red: 40-45hl/ha white: 45-47hl/ha
56
Grand Cru AOCs in Burg: yields
red: 35hl/ha white: 40hl/ha (seems that it varies a bit)
57
Grape moths controlled how in Burg?
Pheromone capsules
58
Fungal diseases (powdery, downy) managed how in Burg?
Canopy management | Spraying
59
Why is timing of Burg harvest important?
Marginal climate Storms around harvest time = dilution and fruit damage Judgement: ahrvest early to preserve acid but maybe unripe; harvest late for softer wine but risk weather
60
Maximum enrichment (chaptalisation) in Burg?
+1.5-2% | Recent warmer vintages: chaptalisation less necessary
61
Clarification in premium white Burgundy
Yes Sedimentation Level of solids remaining down to winemaker's view
62
Hyperoxidation in premium white Burgundy?
Sometimes yes Protect from oxidation May be a response to premox
63
Burg: ambient or cultured yeast?
Depends Ambient for premium Cultured for volume
64
Fermentation for inexpensive white Burgundy: vessels and temperature
stainless steel or concrete 16-18C want to avoid banana flavours of cooler temp
65
Premium white Burg ferment: vessels and temp
Barrel (some new) | 20C
66
New oak in white Burgundy?
Regional: not much Village: 20-25% new Premier Cru: 30-50% Grand Cru: 50%+ (some 100%)
67
Standard barrel size/name in Burgundy
228L | Piece
68
Impact of using larger barrel than "piece" in Burgundy?
Piece is 228L Some use 500-600L larger barrels Surface-to-volume ratio is lower = subtler impact both of oak flavours and oxidation
69
MLF in white Burg?
Yes and no. Usually yes though. If fresh style: MLF blocked Otherwise: MLF in neutral vessels or oak
70
White Burg filtered?
Usually yes, more so than red = cloudiness easily visible to consumer
71
When was premox first noticed?
Early 2000s | 1996 vintage and after
72
Suggested causes for premox
``` Changes in vineyard practice = higher yields, different chemical composition of grapes Warmer vintages Later picking times Over-clean musts Overzealous batonnage Lower levels of SO2 at bottlings Quality of corks Changes in cork treatment ```
73
Who is credited with popularity of destemmed (rather than whole bunches) fruit for red Burg?
Henri Jayer | 1980s
74
Supposed benefits of whole bunch for red Burg?
Aids aeration of the must Add perfume, freshness and fine tannins But if stems are unripe, green astringent tannins And lower acidity not welcome in warm vintages
75
What does whole bunch do to acidity?
Lwoers it
76
Why cold soak Pinot Noir?
It's low in anthocynains = maximise extraction of colour
77
Why are small open-topped fermentation vessels desirable for red Burg?
``` Facilitiates 2 most common cap management techniques: Pumping over (remontage) Punching down (pigeage) ```
78
Why important to break up the cap for red Burg during ferment?
Introduce oxygen (essential for yeast metabolism) Avoid reduction Avoid producing reductive sulfur compounds Avoid acetic acid Extract colour, tannin and flavour Regulate temperature in the wine
79
Length of post-ferment maceration for red Burg
Depends but high quality can be 2-3 weeks
80
Presses used in red Burg
Horizontal pneumatic press | Vertical basket press
81
High end red Burg: maturation time
12-20 months in 228L barrels
82
MLF in red Burg
Usually spontaneous | Spring following harvest when cellars warm up again after cold winter
83
Much of current vyd hierarchy in Burgundy was classified when?
1930s
84
Examples of some Premiers Crus in Burg
Pommard Premier Cru Les Rugiens | Vosne Romanée PC Aux Malconsorts
85
Examples of some Grands Crus in Burg
Richebourg Grand Cru | Batard-Montrachet Grand Cru
86
Volume breakdown in Burg of qualtiy levels
Grand Cru: 1% Village and Premier Cru: 47% Regional: 52%
87
Are there Grands Crus in Cote Chalonnaise?
No, stops at Premier Cru
88
How many appellations in Burgundy (excluding Beaujolais)?
84 | of which 33 grands crus, 44 village and 7 regional
89
How many Grand Cru appellations in Burg?
33
90
How many village appelaltions in Burg?
44
91
Are Premier Crus their own AOCs in Burg?
No, part of the village AOC eg Aux Malconsorts is part of Vosne-Romanée AOC (but Richebourg Grand Cru is its own AOC)
92
Examples of AOC with additional geographical denomination
Macon + village name | Grand Cru + additional climate eg Corton-les Bressandes
93
Clos de Vougeot land under vine
just over 50ha
94
Musigny Grand Cru land under vine
10ha
95
Smallest Grand Cru vineyard?
La Romanée | 0.84ha
96
La Romanéé land under vine
0.84ha | smallest Grand Cru
97
Name of road through the Cote d'Or
D974
98
What divides village level Cote d'Or vyds from generic Bourgogne vineyards?
D974 road
99
6 key villages of Cote de Nuits (North to South)
``` Gevrey-Chambertin Morey-St Denis Chambolle-Musigny Vougeot Vosne-Romanée Nuits-St Georges ``` Gimme More Cheese. Very Very Nice.
100
Gevrey-Chambertin AOC
Red wine only Largest village in CdN Grands Crus: Charmes Chambertin; Chambertin Clos de Beze Henri Rebourseau
101
Morey-St Denis AOC
Almost all red Grand Cru: Clos de Tart; Clos de la Roche Domaine Clos de Tart
102
Chambolle-Musigny AOC
Red wines only for village Grand Cru: Bonnes Mares; Musigny Ghislaine Barthod
103
Vougeot AOC
Tiny village AOC (smaller than Clos de Vougeot AOC) Red and white Grand Cru: Clos de Vougeot Domaine de la Vougeraie
104
Vosne-Romanée AOC
Red only Grand Cru: La Tache, Romanée-Conti, La Romanée Grivot, DRC
105
Nuits-St Georges AOC
Almsot exclusively red No Grand Crus Important Premier Crus: Les St Georges, Les Vaucrains Domaine Thibault Liger-Belair
106
Marsannay
More rosé or red than white wine
107
Aloxe-Corton, Pernand-Vergelesses, Ladoix-Serrigny AOC
Clsutered round the hill of Corton Villages: mostly red Most famous vyd: Corton Charlemagne Grand Cru exclusively white Also: Corton Grand Cru
108
Where is the Hill of Corton located?
North of Beaune town But part of the Cote de Beaune AOCs of Aloxe-Corton, Pernand-Vergelesses, Ladoix-Serrigny
109
Three village AOCs around Hill of Corton
Aloxe-Corton Pernand-Vergelesses Ladoix-Serrigny
110
Beaune AOC
``` Cote de Beaune Mostly red wine, some white No Grands Crus Premier Cru: Clos des Mouches, Les Greves Benjamin Leroux, Camille Giroud ```
111
Pommard AOC
``` Cote de Beaune Red wine only No Grands Crus Premier Cru: Les Rugiens, Clos des Epeneaux Chateau de Pommard ```
112
Volnay AOC
``` Cote de Beaune Red wines only No Grands Crus Premier Cru: Clos des Chenes, Les Caillerets Michel Lafarge ```
113
Meursault AOC
``` Cote de Beaune Mostly whtie wines No Grands Crus Premier Cru: Perrieres, Genevrieres Domaine Fabien Coche, Coche Dury ```
114
Puligny-Montrachet AOC and Chassagne-Montrachet
Cote de Beaune Puligny all white Chassagne more white than red Grands Crus straddle both: Le Montrachet, Batard-Montrachet
115
St Aubin AOC
Cote de Beaune Mostly white wines No Grands Crus Premiers Crus: Sur le Sentier du Clou, En Remilly
116
"Value" villages in Cote de Beaune
St Romain (mostly white) Auxey-Duresses (mainly red) Santenay (mainly red)
117
"Value" villages in Cote de Nuits
Marsannay (more red/rose than white) | Fixin (mainly red)
118
Cote Chalonnaise: Premiers Crus tend to be located where?
Warmest, south, southeast and east facing Good sunlight interception Well drained limestone Riper fruit
119
Bouzeron AOC
Cote Chalonnaise 100% Aligote Best region for Aligote
120
Rully AOC
``` Cote Chalonnaise More white than red Premier Cru red and white 25% Premier Cru Cremant ```
121
Mercurey AOC
Largest in Cote Chalonnaise More red than white 25% Premier Cru
122
Givry AOC
Mostly red | 40% Premier Cru
123
Montagny AOC
White wines only | 2/3s Premier Cru
124
Macon AOC
Mostly red/rose
125
Macon-Villages AOC and Macon with named village (eg Macon-Lugny)
White wines only | Cave de Lugny
126
Named village AOCs in Maconnais examples
``` Pouilly-Fuissé St Veran Viré Clessé Pouilly-Vinzelles Pouilly-Loché ```
127
Why does Pouilly-Fuissé produce better wines than elsewhere in Maconnais?
Grapes can ripen more fully in amphitheatre of Fuissé: better sunlight and drainaige
128
How many Premiers Crus in Pouilly-Fuissé? Since when?
22 of 'em | Awarded 2020
129
Why is Marsannay cooler than the rest of the Cote d'Or?
It's at the northern end Less protection from cold winds from the south-west Only village in Cote d'Or making rose
130
Which CdN AOCs are best protected from wind? So what?
Gevrey-Chambertin and Nuits-St Georges Slightly higher alcohol, greater ripeness Red Grands Crus
131
Example of fruity, fragrant AOCs in Cote d'Or?
Volnay | Chambolle-Musigny
132
Example of fuller bodied AOCs in Cote d'Or
Pommard | Gevrey-Chambertin
133
Broad differences in style between Puligny-Montrachet and Meursault?
P-M: more floral, concenrated | Meursault: full body, power
134
Examples of high quality Burg negociants?
``` Albert Bichot Joseph Drouhin Faiveley Louis Jadot Bouchard Pere et Fils ```
135
Example of domaine and negcoiant as two separate businesses?
Domaine Dujac | Dujac Fils et Pere
136
Example of micro-negociants in Burg
Benjamin Leroux | Roisin Curley
137
Examples of co-ops in Burg
``` La Chablisienne (Chablis) Cave des Hautes-Cotes Nuiton-Beaunoy (Beaune and apparently Hautes-Cotes) ```
138
Factor leading to increased quality in Burg these days?
Better technical training for young wineamkers | Travel, open-minded
139
Domestic/export split for Burg
50-50
140
Export market for Burg EU/other
50% EU countires | 50& other
141
Largest Burg export markets by value
USA, UK, Japan

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