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D3 KID > North-West Italy > Flashcards

North-West Italy Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Langhe is part of what province?

A

Cuneo Province

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2
Q

Most grown grape in Piedmont

A

Barbera

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3
Q

Most grown red and white grape in Piedmont

A

Red (and overall): Barbera

White: Moscato Bianco

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4
Q

Piedmont climate

A

Moderate continental
Cold winters
Hot summers

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5
Q

What protects Piedmont from cold north winds and excessive rainfall?

A

The Alps

Weather systems broguht from the Mediterranean by the Appennines

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6
Q

Weather risks in Piedmont?

A

Thunderstorms
Hail
Fog
Late frosts

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7
Q

Rainfall in Piedmont increases in late Sept, early Oct. So what?

A

Nebbiolo is late ripening

This is a threat to it!

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8
Q

Nebbiolo buds early or late?

A

Buds early

spring forst

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9
Q

Nebbiolo ripens early or late?

A

Ripens very late

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10
Q

Is Nebbiolo a vigorous variety?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Piedmont; Nebbiolo grown mostly in which province?

A

Cuneo province, esp. in Langhe

Also northern provinces

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12
Q

Nebbiolo wine style

A 
Pale ruby, turning garnet 3-5 yrs
Pronounced violet, rose, red cherry, red plum
Full body
High tannin
High acid
High alcohol
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13
Q

Nebbiolo gives best, most perfumed wines on what soils?

A

Calcareous marls

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14
Q

Why does Nebbiolo ahve to be pruned high?

A

First few buds are infertile, need more buds so some will bear fruit

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15
Q

Nebbiolo is vigorous. So what?

A 
Needs regular canopy management (avoid unripe fruit due to shading)
Trimming of the canopy
Cluster thinning (time consuming)
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16
Q

Nebbiolo clonal research: what was the aim? what is (arguably) the result?

A

Growers wanted deeper colour

Arguably have lost aromatic intensity

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17
Q

Massal selection for Nebbiolo, championed by who?

A

Gaja

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18
Q

Mass selection for Nebbiolo seeks what characteristics. So what?

A 
Low vigour (wines with more concentration)
Open bunches (reduce fungal disease)
Small berries (good depth of colour)
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19
Q

Barolo being “the wine of kings, the king of wines” associated with what royal family?

A

The House of Savoy

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20
Q

Exposition in Barolo DOCG

A

South- and south-west facing slopes

200-400m (like Cote d’Or)

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21
Q

Max yields in Barolo DOCG?

A

56hl/ha

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22
Q

Ageing requirement for Barolo DOCG

A

Aged for 3 years and 2 months after harvest (inc. 18 months in oak)

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23
Q

Ageing requirement for Barolo Riserva DOCG

A

Aged for five years and two months (inc. 18 months in oak)

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24
Q

Two contrasting soil-type/zones in Barolo?

A
  1. blue-grey marl in north and west (eg La Morra) => light, aromatic wines, drinkable after a few years
  2. less fertile, yellow-grey compacted sand and clay, in south and east (eg Serralunga d’Alba) => closed and tannic in youth, cellar for 10-15 years
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25
Tradition for blending Barolo from across the region, still championed by which notable producer?
Bartolo Mascarello
26
Barolo DOCG: example of prestigious single vineyards?
Cannubi | Vigna Rionda
27
Early champions of single vineyard wines in Barolo and Barbaresco?
Angelo Gaja | Bruno Giacosa
28
MGAs in Barolo can be three types of thing. What are they?
1. Entire village, eg La Morra 2. Specified single vineyards, eg Bussia, Cannubi 3. "a number of specified vyds now made into a single MGA" eg Via Nouva now included in Terlo MGA [not very clear tbh]
29
Barolo labels: "vigna" can only appear in what circumstance?
If the name of the associated MGA is stated
30
What is Barolo Chinato?
Barolo sweetened and infused with herbs and spices
31
Size of Barbaresco DOCG compared to Barolo DOCG?
Barbaresco around 1/3 the size of Barolo
32
Differences between Barbaresco and Barolo? (natural environment)
Barbaresco shares many of Barolo's characteristics, but vineyards are at lower altitude and climate slightly warmer. Harvest a week earlier. Wines subtly riper in style.
33
Barbaresco has shorter ageing than Barolo. Why?
Lower altitude and warmer conditions => subtly riper style of wine Needs less ageing Two years for Barbaresco DOCG, four years for Riserva
34
Ageing requirement for Barbaresco DOCG?
2 years | Riserva: 4 years
35
Max yield in Barbaresco
56 hl/ha
36
Other than Barolo and Barbaresco, give me some other DOC/Gs for Nebbiolo in Piedmont?
``` Roero DOCG Gattinara DOCG Ghemme DOCG Langhe Nebbiolo DOCG Nebbiolo d'Alba DOCG ```
37
Ghemme and Gattinara have higher acidity than Barolo. Why?
Continental climate with more dirunal range than Barolo
38
Maceration time for Langhe Neb or Neb d'Alb?
7-10 days only | Aged for a year in neutral containers
39
Best Barbera in Piedmont comes from where?
Asti and its sub-zones, including Nizza (now its own DOCG)
40
Barbera is grown in Alba as well as Asti. Why is it more prized in Asti?
Best sites in Alba are reserved for Nebbiolo. Barbera is the key grape in Asti so gets best sitse.
41
Barbera buds early or late?
bUDS EARLY, SPRING FORST
42
Barbera has good disease resistance, but is susceptible to what?
Fan leaf virus
43
Barbera ripens early or late?
Late, but earlier than Nebbiolo
44
Barbera acidity and tannin levels?
High acid, relatively low tannin
45
Typical Barbera style (everyday, early drinking)
``` Medium to deep ruby Medium intensity red plum, red cherry, lack pepper High acid Medium tannin Medium alcohol ```
46
Pioneering producer for concentrated, ageworth Barbera?
Giacomo Bologna | French oak barriques, low yields, old vines et
47
Barbera d'Asti DOCG: yield and ageing
63hl/ha | min four months ageing
48
Nizza DOCG: yield and ageing
49hl/ha 18 months ageing Barbera!
49
Benefit of Dolcetto vs. Nebbiolo and Barbera?
It ripens early, can be grown on cooler sites
50
Dolcetto is reductive in the winery. So what?
Frequent pump overs and rack and return needed, to introduce oxygen and prevent off-flavours But it has naturally high tannins so need gentle extraction!
51
Dolcetto has naturally high tannins. Avoid excessive extraction how?
Mid-range fermentation Short time on skins (7-15 days) Soft extraction
52
DOC/Gs for Dolcetto?
Dolcetto d'Alba DOC Dolcetto di Ovada DOC Dogliani DOCG Piemonte DOC
53
Significant producers of Dolcetto?
``` Marcarini (Alba) Marziano Abbona (Dogliani) ```
54
What is Freisa
Black grape in Piedmont Renewed attention on it today Highly aromatic
55
Cortese: yields and flavour intensity
High yielding | Typically light inensity (apple, pear, lemon, white flowers)
56
Cortese style
light inensity apple, pear, lemon, white flowers High acid Medium body
57
% of Cortese in Gavi and Gavi di Gavi
100%
58
Important producers of Gavi
Castellari Bergaglio | La Scolca
59
Where is Arneis grown mostly?
Roero (PIEDMONT)
60
Arneis style
Light intensity but complex aromas of white flowers, chamomile, white peach, lemon Medium (-) acid
61
Roero Arneis DOCG is what % Arneis?
95%
62
Champions of Roero Arneis DOCG?
Vietti | Bruno Giacosa
63
Name of the IGT in Piedmont?
N/A No IGT at all - either "vino" or DOC/G Piemonte DOC allows for both local and international varieties
64
Example of a large Piedmont producer that smaller growers traditionally sold grapes to
Fontanafredda
65
Why do many small growers in Piedmont now bottle and market their own wines?
Higher prices for Nebbiolo wines
66
What % of Barolo and Barbaresco is exported?
Barolo: 85% Barbaresco: 75% USA, Germany, UK, Scandinavia

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