Rest of Spain Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
Four principle wine regions in Aragon
A
Carinena
Campo de Borja
Calatayud
Somontano
2
Q
Climate in Carinena DO, Campo de Borja DO and Calatayud DO
A
Warm continental
Dry summers
3
Q
Altitude in Calatyud, Carinena, Campo de Borja DOs
A
Calatayud: 900m
Carinena: 400-800m
Campo de Borja: 350-700m
4
Q
What is Cierzo?
A
Cold wind in Aragon that blows from the north
Moderates temperatures, slows ripening
5
Q
Carinena DO, Campo de Borja DO and Calatayud DO make mostly what kind of wine?
A
Mainly red wines
Old Garnacha vines
6
Q
Pests and diseases rarely a problem in Carinena, Campo de Borja and Calatayud. Why?
A
Lack of rain
Rocky, fee draining soils
Dry, windy conditions
(spring frost an issue though)
7
Q
Carinena, Campo de Borja and Calatayud DOs: evryday wine style
A
Red wines, mostly inexpensive Medium to full body High alcohol Medium tannin Ripe red and black fruit
8
Q
High-end old-vine Garnacha from Carinena, Campo de Borja and Calataud DOs: style
A
Concentrated rasberry and plum Subtle spicy oak Medium (+) acid Medium (+) tannin High alcohol
9
Q
Climate in Somontano DO
A
Warm continental
Foot of the Pyrenees = cold breezes coming down moderate temperature
More rain, more evenly spread than Carinena, Campo de Borja and Calatayud
10
Q
Most widely planted grapes in Somontano DO
A
Cabernet SAuvignon
Chardonnay
11
Q
Unusually for Spain, Somontano DO has significant plantings of what grape?
A
Gewurtztraminer
12
Q
What is Vinas del Vero?
A
Largest producer in Somontano DO
High-tech winery originally created by local bank
Nwo owned by Gonzalez Byass
13
Q
Two Sherry producers with investment in Somontano DO?
A
Gonzalez Byass
Barbadillo
14
Q
What is Vi de Finca?
A
Catalunya system for “exceptional wines”, labelling term
15
Q
How amny DOs in Catalunya?
A
11 DOs and 1 DOQ
16
Q
What is Catalunya DO used for?
A
Grapes grown anywhere in Catalunya = large producers, inexpensive and mid-priced blends
Torres Vina Sol
17
Q
Benefits of using Catalunya DO
A
Volume can be sourced from around Catalunya
International grapes allowed
“Catalunya” name better known than eg “Penedes” internationally
18
Q
Climate in Penedes DO
A
Warm Mediterranean
but three zones with different topographic and climate influences (Penedes Maritim, Penedes Central, Penedes Superior)
19
Q
White grapes what % of Penedes DO planting?
A
80%
20
Q
Most planted grapes (3) in Penedes DO
A
Xarel-lo, Macabeo, Parellada
use for Cava, other sparkling and still whites
21
Q
Most planted black grape in Penedes DO
A
Merlot
22
Q
What is Penedes Maritim? Where is it and what style of wine?
A
One of three zones in Penedes
Between sea and coastal range of hills
Low altitude, proximity to sea = warm climate without extremes
Full bodied reds
23
Q
Where is Penedes Central located?
A
Flat plains ("Pre-Coastal Depression") between coastal range and inland mountains
Higher altitude than Penedes Maritim
24
Q
What is Penedes Superior?
A
One of three zones in Peneds
Furthest inland
500-800m
Cool conditions, white grapes
25
Penedes was one of the first Spanish regions to modernise its winemaking. Why/thanks to who? So what?
Miguel Torres studied at Dijon
| Region became a source of clean, fruity wines
26
Priorat winemaking dates back to who/when?
Carthusian monks
| 12th century
27
What makes viticulture in Priorat difficult?
Lack of easy access
Challenging topography
Extremes of weather
28
What caused vineyards in Priorat to be abandoned at end of 19th century?
Outbreak of phyllxoera
| Growth of textile industry (loss of labour force)
29
Who in 1989 formed the small group of Priorat growers and makers to re-invigorate the region?
René Barbier
30
Name a few Priorat wines that were gaining int'l recognition in the 1990s
```
Clos Mogador
Clos Dofi
Clos de L'Obac
Clos Martinet
Clos Erasmus
```
31
When did Priorat become a DOQ?
2009
32
Climate in Priorat
Warm continental
Hot summers
Cold winters
33
What protects Priorat from cold winds?
Serra de Montsant
34
What protects Priorat from Mediterranean influence?
Serra de Llaberia
35
What's the river in Priorat. What does it do?
River Siurana
| Creates valleys = lots of altitudes (100-750m) and aspects
36
Land under vine in Priorat DOQ
2,000ha
| considerably less than before phylloxera
37
What are costers?
Slopes in Priorat
| Gradient 5-60%
38
Narrow terraces are common in Priorat. What do they do?
Help to reduce soil erosion
| Allow rainwater infiltrate the soil (surface run-off is reduced)
39
What are llicorella
Slate based soils in Priorat. thin, rocky and lacking in nutrients. particles of mica reflect heat and light
40
There's a bedrock of slate in Priorat. So what?
It splits into vertical layers
| Vine roots can grow deep in search of limited water
41
Account for low yields in Priorat
Old vines
Lack of water
Lack of nutrients in soil
Low density bush vines
42
max permitted yield in Priorat
| average yields in practice
max permitted: 39 hl/ha
| in reality: 5-6 hl/ha
43
Most planted grape in priorat
Garnacha
44
Why is Carinena well suited to Priorat
Wells utied to hot days and dry conditions
| Carinena good with harsh conditions, grown on warmest sites
45
As well as Garnacha and Carinena, what other black grapes are grown in Prioat?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah
Popularity waning; some producers use only Garnacha and Carinena
46
White Priorat: what grape(s)
Garnacha Blanca
| Macabeo
47
Cultured yeasts are common in Priorat. Why?
High levels of potential alcohol in grapes => fermentation with ambient yeasts can be too slow, lasting many weeks
48
Standard length of oak ageing for Priorat?
1-2 eyars
49
Four classifications for Priorat
Vi de Vila
Vi de Paratge
Vinya Classificada
Gran Vinya Classificada
50
What is "Vi de Vila" in Priorat?
Grapes from one of Priorat's 12 subzones
| Name of suzone + "Vi de Vila" appear on label
51
What is "Vi de Paratge" in Priorat?
Grapes from a single paratge (named site/lieu-dit). 459 paratages in Priorat
52
How many paratges in Priorat?
459
53
What is a paratge?
A lieu-dit/named site in Priorat
54
What is "Vinya Classificada" in Priorat?
Wine from a single vineyard of particular merit within a Paratje, equivalent to a cru
55
What is "Gran Vinya Classificada" in Priorat?
Wine from a single vineyard of exceptional merit within a Paratje. Equivalent of Grand Cru
56
to use the term "old vines" in Priorat, what do you need?
minimum 75 years old/planted before 1945
57
Where is Montsant DO located?
Catalunya, forming a ring around Priorat DOQ
58
Waht kind of soils in Montsant DO?
Clay based ranging to sandy
Some llicorella, limestone
Overall more fertile than Priorat
=> higher yields
59
Vineyards of Montsant DO: harder or easier to work than Priorat?
Easier than Priorat
Topogaprhy less extreme
Trellised vineyards common = easy to mechanise
60
Black grapes what % of Montsant DO?
94%
61
Key grapes in Montsant DO?
Garnacha and Carinena
| unlike Priorat: Tempranillo is 3rd
62
Significant producers in Mosntant DO
Espectacle
| Celler de Capcanes
63
Montsant land under vine
1,900ha
64
How important are co-ops in Montsant DO?
Very, account for majority of production
65
Costers del Segre DO first planted by who? when?
```
Manuel Raventos (Codorniu)
1900s
```
Raimat winery is here; its success (1978 onwards) led to DO being formed (1980s)
66
Land under vine in Costers del Segre DO. What % is owned by Raimat (Codorniu winery)?
4,000ha
| one-third owned by Raimat
67
Significant producers in Costers del Segre DO
Raimat (Codorniu)
| Castell d'Encus
68
Climate in Valencia DO
Warm Mediterannean
69
Coolest part of Valencia DO
Alto Turia sub-zone
southern foothills of Sistema Iberico mountain range
700-110m
White wines only (Moscatel de Alejandria, Merseguera)
70
What is vino de licor?
Valencia DO
Unfermented grape must fortified with grape spirit
Moscatel de Alejandria
71
Most wines in Valencia DO made by who, and in what style?
Local co-ops
| Fruity style, immediate consumption
72
Land under vine in Utiel-Requena DO
35,000ha (!)
73
Most planted grape in Utiel-Requena DO?
Bobal
| 70% of plantings
74
Account for Bobal's sometimes firm, grippy tannins
It can ripen unevely
| Lack of ripeness in some bunches gives grippy, firm tannins
75
Bobal was originally best known for rosé. Why?
High acid
| Fruity nature
76
High quality Bobal in Utiel-Requena DO: Style
```
Concenrated
Medium (+) tannins
Medium (+) to full body
High acid
Blackberry, black cherr, chocoalte
Old vine fruit
Matured in oak
```
77
Alicante DO is near what city?
Alicante
78
What is Valencia's smallest DO?
Alicante DO
79
Climate in Alicante DO
Medietrranean
Hot summers
Cold winters
Growing season very dry
80
What/where is Vinalopo?
Main growing zone in Alicante DO
| Key grape: Monastrell
81
Monastrell accounts for what % of plantings in Alicante DO?
75%
| Low density, bush vines
82
Red wines labeleld Alicante DO must be what % Monastrell
80%
| Other varieties: Alicante Bouschet, Garnacha, Bobal
83
Alicante DO style: red wine
```
Full body
Dry
High alcohol
High tannin
Ripe black fruit
Oak
```
84
What is Fondillon?
```
Historic wine style in Alicante, protected by DO
Medium-sweet red wine
max 40g/l sugar
Late-harvest Moanstrell
Min 16%abv
No fortification allowed
10 years in oak
Oxidised style, dried fruit and nuts
```
85
Fondillon, historic semi-sweet red in Alicante, can be made in two styles. What are they?
Anada: product of one year
| solera system: old and young wines
86
Jumilla DO cliamte
Warm continental
Hot summers
Cold winters
87
Jumilla DO land under vine
25,000ha
88
Dominant grape in Jumilla DO
Monastrell (80% of plantings)
89
What happened in Jumilla DO in 1989?
It was devastated by phyllxoera
Vines grubbed up and replanted
Higher-quality clones of Monastrell became common
+ improved winemaking techniques => better quality wines
90
Jumilla DO style (Red wine based on Monastrell)
```
Full body
High alcohol
Ripe blackberry adn cherry
Spice
Medium (+) acidity
```
91
Other than Monastrell (80% of plantings), what other black grapes in Jumilla DO?
Cencibel (Tempranillo), Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Garnacha, Cabernet SAUVIGNON, Merlot, Syrah, petit Verdot
92
Does Jumilla DO just make red wines?
No
| Majority is red but also some rosé (often from Monastrell) and also small amount of white
93
Most wine produced in Jumilla DO is what kind of volume/price
High-volume, inexpensive
| Lots of co-ops
94
High-end producers in Jumilla DO
Bodegas El Nido
| Casa Castillo
95
Yecla DO is located where?
Between Jumilla and Alicante
96
Land under vine in Yecla DO
6,000ha
97
Yecla DO exports what % of its production?
95%
98
Dominant grape variety in Yecla DO?
Monastrell
| also dominant in Jumilla DO and Alicante DO
99
What is the largest PDO region in Europe?
La Mancha DO
| 158,000ha
100
Castilla-La Mancha is located on what part of the meseta?
Southern part of the meseta
101
La Mancha DO located on what geographic feature? What altitude?
Meseta
| 500-700m (but largely flat)
102
What % of vineyards in La Mancha DO are irrigated?
40%
103
Planting density in La Mancha DO?
Low!
Sometimes as little as 1,000 v/ha for bush vines without irrigation
3,000v/ha for irrigated, trellised vines
104
Most widely planted grape in La Mancha DO?
Airen (90,000ha)
105
How many hectares under vine does Airen have in DO La Mancha?
90,000ha!
106
La Mancha DO has huge plantings of Airen (90,000ha). What is it used for?
1) neutral, low intensity, medium acid white wine for early consumption
2) distilled into BRandy de Jerez
107
Cencibel aka
Tempranillo
108
Most planted black grape in La Mancha DO?
Cencibel (aka Tempranillo)
109
Are co-ops important in La Mancha DO?
Yes, majority of production
| e.g. Virgen de las Vinas (in Tomelloso), largest co-op in Spain
110
Largest co-op in Spain? Located where?
Virgen de las Vinas
Tomelloso, La Mancha DO
2,000 members
20,000ha
111
What % of DO La Mancha is exported?
40%
112
Valdepenas DO best known for what kind of wine?
Red wines from Cencibel (Tempranillo)
113
First Vino de Pago in Spain?
Dominio de Valdepusa
Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Petit Verdon
Castilla-La Mancha
114
Castilla VT covers which two well known DOs?
La Mancha DO
Valdepenas DO
and others
115
What is Euskadi?
other name for Basque Country
| also Pais Vasco
116
The vineyards of the Basque country are separated in two by what?
Cantabrian cordillera
North: near Bilbao and San Sebastian, three DOs for Txakoli
South: Rioja Alavesa
117
How many DOs for Txakoli?
Three
118
Key grape for Txakoli?
Hondarrabi Zuri
119
Txakoli style
```
High acid
Medium (-) body
Low alcohol
Fresh apple, pear, lemon
Slight spritz
```
120
What is Sierra de Gredos?
Mountain range west of Madrid
| Doesn't have its own DO. Can use Vinos de Madrid DO, Mentrido DO, Cebreros DO or Castilla y Leon VT
121
What is Albillo Real?
White grape (Sierra de Gredos, Spain)
Full body
Citrus and floral
Medium to medium (+) acid
122
Name the Balearic islands (4)
Mallorca
Menorca
Ibiza
Formentera
123
Mallorca has how many DOs?
2
124
Key grapes for Balearic islands
Manto Negro
Callet
also: Monastrell, Tempranillo, Malvasia
125
Climate in Canary Islands
tropical influence, hot and humid
| Mountainous and altitude makes for cooler days
126
Largest of the Canary Islands?
Tenerife
127
Most common grapes on Tenerife
Listan Negro
Malvasia
Listan Blanco (Palomino)
128
Where is Valle de Orotava DO?
Tenerife
129
What is significant about Valle de Orotava DO in Tenerife?
Distinctive viticulture: vines twisted together to form long ropes
Trained on low worse and growing up and down hillsides
130
Topography of Lanzarote
relatively flat
| dark volcanic ash
131
How are vines planted on Lanzarote?
Craters dug into volcanic ash
Surrounded by stone walls to protect from wind
Very low density planting, low yields
Malvasia for dry and sweet styles
