Germany Flashcards

1
Q

Riesling accounts for what % of Germany’s vineyard plantings?

A

25%

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2
Q

World’s largest producing country for Riesling?

A

Germany, comfortably

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3
Q

Examples of old German wineries dating back to 12th century (x2)

A

Schloss Johannisberg
Kloster Eberbach
(both in Rheingau)

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4
Q

Germany unified in what year

A

1871

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5
Q

Wine insitutes in Germany (x2)

A

Hoschshule Geisenheim University (Rheingau)

Julius Kuhn-Institut (Pfalz)

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6
Q

What is/was Flurbereinigung?

A

German program of vineayrd restructuring
Consolidation of small, fragmented vineyards
Building of access road

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7
Q

Germany climate

A
Cool continental
(except Baden - further south, drier,w warmer, sunnier)
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8
Q

Why is site selection so important in Germany?

A
Northerly latitude (49-50)
River radiates heat etc
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9
Q

Best vineyard exposition in Germany

A

Steep, south-facing slope

Maximum sun exposure

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10
Q

How steep are slopes in Germany?

A

Up to 70%!

Mosel

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11
Q

How can Germans mitigate against spring forst?

A

Rivers

Planting on slopes

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12
Q

Germany gets 500-800mm rain, a lot of it in summer. So what?

A

Increase fungal risk
Dilute grapes
Hail

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13
Q

Two mountain ranges in Germany

A

Taunus

Haardt

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14
Q

What are Taunus and Haardt?

A

Mountain ranges in Germany

Shelter vineyards from cold winds and rain

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15
Q

Significance of dark coloured slate in Mosel and Ahr?

A

Retains heat during day

Radiates it outa gain at night

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16
Q

Weissburgunder aka

A

Pinot Blanc

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17
Q

Spatburgunder aka

A

Pinot Noir

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18
Q

Grauburgunder aka

A

Pinot Gris

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19
Q

Effects of erosion in eg Mosel

A

Adds cost

Must winch soil and rocks back up slopes

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20
Q

Germany land under vine

A

400,000ha

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21
Q

What is Pendelbogen?

A

Germany

Repalcement cane pruning with the canes arched in the trellis

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22
Q

Benefit of Pendelbogen?

A

Repalcement cane prunign withc anes arched in trellis

Improve sap flow -> increase # of viable buds -> increase yields

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23
Q

Germany not suited to organice why?

A

High risk of disease = lots of spraying

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24
Q

How is spraying done in Mosel?

A

Steep slopes so helicopter

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25
Q

Germany: split between white and black grapes planted?

A

61% white

39% black

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26
Q

Riesling is what % of German plantings?

A

23%

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27
Q

Why is Riesling successful in Germany?

A

Survive cold German winters

Late budding with thick wood = frost resistant

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28
Q

Muller-Thurgau synonym

A

Rivaner

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29
Q

Rivaner synonym

A

Muller-Thurgau

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30
Q

Benefit of Muller-Thurgau?

A

Can produce high yields in almsot any conditions

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31
Q

Germany’s most planted black grape?

A

Spatburgunder (Pinot Noir)

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32
Q

Dornfelder style

A

Deep colour
High acid
Fruity and floral

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33
Q

Silvaner is particularly good in which German region?

A

Franken
High quality, dry, medium bodied
Medium to medium (+) acid
Earthy

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34
Q

Chardonnay allowed in Germany since when?

A

1990

Plantings remain low

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35
Q

High-quality German Chardonnay from where?

A

Warmer areas
Southern Pfalz
Kaiserstuhl in Baden

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36
Q

Early example of a German cross

A

Muller-Thurgau

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37
Q

What drove the development of German crosses?

A

Mid 20th century

High yields of grapes with high must weights encouraged by German wine Laws

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38
Q

What is Scheurebe?

A

A German cross
Full bodied wines with intense ripe grapefruit, peach
Acidity lower than Riesling but high enough to age
A quality example!

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39
Q

Most successful black-grape crossing in Germany?

A

Dornfelder

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40
Q

Is enrichment common in Germany?

A

Yes, due to cool temperaturse
Not permitted for Praditkatswein
Enrichment allowed up to 3% (EU Zone A - everywhere except Baden)

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41
Q

Why is enrichment becoming less common in Germany?

A

Less common outside bulk production

Fruit is consistently riper naturally

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42
Q

Germany: what is a Fuder?

A

1,000L wooden cask in Mosel

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43
Q

Germany: what is a Stuck?

A

1,200 oval-shaped wooden cask

Rhine

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44
Q

Oak country of origin in Germany?

A

Often German oak
From Pfalz

French oak common for smaller vessels eg barriques

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45
Q

Germany: enrichment with RCGM only permitted for what category?

A

Deutscher Wein

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46
Q

Germany’s current wine law dates to when?

A

1971

NB there is a revised 2021 one

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47
Q

Fundamental principle of German wine law?

A

Classify grapes according to their must weight at harvest

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48
Q

Four quality levels of German wine?

A

Deutscher Wein
Landwein
Qualitatswein
Pradikatswein

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49
Q

Deutscher Wein formerly known as what?

A

Tafelwein

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50
Q

Wine without a GI in Germany, from German grapes: what category?

A

Deutscher Wein

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51
Q

Deutscher Wein: alcohol levels?

A

8.5%-15%

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52
Q

German equivalent of PGI wine?

A

Landwein

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53
Q

Landwein: rules

A

85% of grapes from Landwein region named on label
8.5-15% abv
trocken or halbrtocken
tiny proportion of production

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54
Q

Two German PDO categories

A

Qualitatswein

Pradikatswein

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55
Q

The 13 designated quality wine regions in Germany are known as what?

A

Anbaugebiete

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56
Q

Qualitatswein: minimum abv?

A

7%
There’s no max level
NB this is lower than Deutscher Wein and Landwein

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57
Q

Most everyday drinking and high volume wines in Germany fall under what category?

A

Qualitatswein

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58
Q

What is Amtliche Prufungsnummer?

A

akak AP
Qualitatsein and above undergo lab analysis and blind tasting
This 10-12 digit number appears on label showing when wine was tested etc

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59
Q

What’s stricter, Qualitatswein or Pradikatswein?

A

Pradikatswein has stricter rules

Both are PDOs

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60
Q

Grapes for Pradikatswein must come from what sort of area?

A

One of 40 Bereich

a smaller region than Anbaugebieten, used in Qualitatswein

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61
Q

Does Pradikatswein need to come from Riesling only?

A

No, can be produced from any grape variety

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62
Q

Six Pradikatswein levels in ascending order of must weight

A
  1. Kabinett
  2. Spatlese
  3. Auslese
  4. Beerenauslese
  5. Eiswein
  6. Trockenbeerenauslese

Krystian Should Absolutely Be Eating Tacos

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63
Q

Pradikatswein: Kabinett style

A
Lightest body
Highest acid
Dry to medium-sweet
Sweeter wines can have abv as low as 7%
Dry wines can reach 12%
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64
Q

Riesling Kabinett style

A

Light body
High acid
Green and citrus fruit

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65
Q

Spatlese grapes picked when?

A

Fully ripened

Usually picked about two weeks after Kabinett grapes

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66
Q

Pradikatswein: Spatlese style

A
Greater concentration of riper fruit flavours than Kabinett
Stone fruit
Slightly higher alcohol
Fuller body
Dry to medium-sweet
Min 7% alcohol
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67
Q

Which Pradkitatswein types can be dry?

A

Kabinett, Spatlese and Auslese CAN be dry

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68
Q

Why does Auselese sometimes have additional (unofficial) terms on the label, e.g. Trocken or whatever?

A

Because range of must weights in this category is so wide

Help to indicate sweetness levels

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69
Q

What gives Auslese good potential for bottle age?

A

Balance of sweetness and acidity

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70
Q

Legal minimum abv for Auselese?

A

7% (sweeter styles)

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71
Q

Why must Beerenauslese (BA) be harvested by hand?

A

Made from individually selected ebrries

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72
Q

Beerenauslese always sweet. T/F

A

True

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73
Q

Minimum ABV for Beerenauslese, Eiswein and Trockenbeerenauslese?

A

5.5%

Sweet, long slow ferment, low alcohol!

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74
Q

German Eiswein msut be picked at what temperatuer?

A

-7C and below

Frozen!

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75
Q

What time of year does German Eiswein harvest happen?

A

December (sometimes Nov) to February

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76
Q

German Eiswein pressing when

A

Takes place when grapes are still frozen

Artificial freezing not allowed

77
Q

Noble (or other) rot in Eiswein?

A

No, must be healthy grapes

78
Q

Riesling Eiswein style

A

High acid

Concentrated, pure peach and grapefruit

79
Q

Trockenbeerenausele: noble rot?

A

Yes, always

80
Q

Most expensive wines in Germany are what style?

A

TBA
Tiny quantities
Tiny yields
Not produced every year

81
Q

Trocken

A

dry

max 4g/l (or up to 9g/l where RS does not exceed total acidity by more than 2gl)

82
Q

Halbtrocken

A

Off-dry (4-12g/l)

83
Q

Lieblich

A

Medium, medium sweet

84
Q

Suss

A

Sweet

45g/L and more

85
Q

Does residual sugar always coincide with perceptible sweetness in German wine?

A

No. A high acid Riesling will taste drier than a medium acid Muller Thurgau with the same amount of RS

86
Q

Germayn: likely to find trocken (dry) wines in warmer or cooler regions?

A

Warmer
Ripeness of fruit can balance acidity without need for sugar (esp for Riesling)
e.g. BAden: 65% trocken; Mosel: 30% trocken

87
Q

Feinherb

A

not defined by law
“fine dry”
basically like halbtrocken/off dry
fall within legal definition of halbrocken but always go slightly higher

88
Q

Goldkapsel

A

gold capsule

designates German wines with botrytis

89
Q

Grosslagen vs Grosse Lage

A

Grosslagen: category term for colective vineyard sites (large sites 600-1,800ha)

Gross Lage: equivalent of Grand Cru in VDP classification

90
Q

Einzellagen

A

Individual vineyard sites in Germany
1ha to 200ha in size
Average 38ha
Split among owners

91
Q

Grosslagen

A

Bigger collective vineyard sites (vs Einzellagen)
600-1,800ha
167 registered

92
Q

Einzellagen and Grosslagen names can only be used on what categories of German wines?

A

Qualitatswein

Pradikatswein

93
Q

Liebfraumilch

A

Legally defined term
Once mainstay of German wine exports
Medium dry white wine, Qualitatswein level
18g/l RS minimum
70% Riseling, Silvaner, Muller-Thurgaua nd Kerner
In practice: mostly Muller-Thrugau

94
Q

What does VDP stand for? What does it mean?

A

Verband Deutscher Pradikatsweinguter
Producers group, most influential
200 members

95
Q

VDP members own what % of German vineyard

A

5%

96
Q

Riesling accounts for waht % of VDP vineyards?

A

50%

97
Q

VDP members use what category for their dry wines?

A

Qualitatswein only

Pradikat for wines with RS only

98
Q

What are the four tiers of VDP calssification?

A

VDP Gutswein
VDP Ortswein
VDP Erste Lage
VDP Grosse Lage

99
Q

VDP Gutswein

A

bottom tier of VDP classification
equivalent to generic/regional Burgundy
must come from a member’s holdings within a region
75hl/ha

“Guts” below your “hearts”/”orts”

100
Q

VDP Ortswein

A

second-from-bottom tier of VDP classification
equivalent to Burgundy village wines
grapes that are typical of their region
75hl/ha

101
Q

VDP Erste Lage

A
VDP second-best classification (3/4)
Equivalent to Burg premier Cru
Ageing potential, strict growing and making regulations
60hl/ha
Hand harvest
Village and vineyard name on label
102
Q

VDP Grosse Lage

A

VDP equivaelnt of Grand Cru

103
Q

Grosses Gewachs

A

Dry wine from Grosse Lage (VDP Grand Cru)

“GG” trademark appears on label, NOT the phrase “Grosses Gewachs”

104
Q

Erstes Gewachs

A

Part of Rheingau Charta (1984)
Dry wines from Riesling or Spatburgunder
Minimum must weight = Spatlese

1999: became part of VDP, so now can use “Grosses Gewachs” instead

105
Q

New German Wine Law (2021): transitional period until when?

A

2025

106
Q

What is Ortwein?

A

Village-level wine as in Burgundy

107
Q

What is Einzellage

A
single vineyard (Germany)
dry or sweet
108
Q

Germany: 4 highest-producing regions make 80% of German wine. What are they?

A

Rheinhessen
Pfalz
Baden
Wurttemberg

109
Q

Two small regions in east of Germany (mostly white Muller Thurgau, Weissburgunder, Riesling)

A

Saale-Unstrut

Sachsen

110
Q

Rheinhessen has what % of German vineyards?

A

25%

111
Q

Largest German wine region by production volume?

A

Rheinhessen

25% of land under vine

112
Q

Climate in Rheinhessen? Affected how by what mountain ranges?

A

Warm and dry

Sheltered by Hunsruek and Taunus mountains

113
Q

Where did Liebraumilch come from originally?

A

Worms, southern Rheinhessen

114
Q

Rheinhessen more white or black grapes?

A

White (71%)

115
Q

Main grape variety in Rheinhessen

A

Riesling

116
Q

What sort of production dominates Rheinhessen?

A

Bulk prodctuion
Plantings still on the rise to supply it
Lots of merchant houses

117
Q

Longest established quality wine sub-region of Rheinhessen?

A

Rheinterrasse
Steep-slopes
West bank of river near Nierstein and Oppenheim

118
Q

What/where is Roter Hang? So what?

A

Sub-region of Rheinhessen

Rotliegenden soil = iron rich red soil = smoky Riesling

119
Q

Quality producers in Rheinhessen?

A
Weingut Gunderloch (Rheinterrasse)
Weingut Keller (near Worms)
120
Q

Pfalz sits between what two features?

A
Haardt Mountains (west)
Rhine plain (east)
121
Q

Pfalz sits in a river valley. T/F?

A

False
Unusually for Germany it doesn’t
between Haardt Moutnains and Rhine plain

122
Q

Pfalz is warmer than Rheinhessen. So what?

A

Slightly riper fruit flavours, fuller bodied wine

Potential for red wine

123
Q

Germany’s two largest wine regions: what are they and which is bigger

A

Rheinhessen and Pfalz

Rheinhessen is slightly bigger

124
Q

Best quality area within Pfalz?

A

Mittelhaardt

125
Q

Area in Pfalz traditionally known for inexpensive wine production

A

Sudliche Weisntrasse

126
Q

Is Baden one contigous/continous region?

A

No, split into multiple districts (Bereiche) e.g. Ortenau, Tuniberg

127
Q

Baden best known for white or red wines?

A

Red wines
Spatburgunder
Complex, oak

128
Q

What makes Baden ideal for making high volume inexpensive blends?

A

Warm, dry condition

Muller Thurgau led blends

129
Q

Co-ops makes what % of Baden wine?

A

75%

130
Q

Largest co-op in Baden?

A

Badischer Winzerkeller

one of Germany’s biggest

131
Q

Wurttemberg near which city?

A

Suttgart

132
Q

Wurttemberg mainly makes what kind of wine?

A

Light, fruity reds

Domestic market

133
Q

Which co-op makes most wine in Wurttemberg?

A

Moglingen

134
Q

What is Wurttemberg’s commercial USP?

A

Red wines from Trollinger, Lemberger and Schwarzriesling

Point of difference for export markets

135
Q

What % of Mosel production is white?

A

90%

136
Q

Riesling is what % of Mosel plantings?

A

60%

137
Q

Best vineyards in Mosel located where? Why?

A

Steep, south-facing slopes

It’s extremely far north = allows grapes to ripen (sun exposure)

138
Q

Mosel split into three sections. What are they?

A

Upper Mosel, Middle Mosel, Lower Mosel

139
Q

Largest and best known of Mosel’s three parts?

A

Middle Mosel

140
Q

Best vineyards in Brauneberg (Mosel)

A

Juffer, Juffer-Sonnenuhr

141
Q

Best vineyard in Urzig (Mosel)?

A

Wurztgarten
i.e. Urziger Wurtzgarten
the spice garden!

142
Q

Best vineyard in Wehlen (Mosel)?

A

Sonnenuhr

143
Q

Best vineyard in Bernkastel (Mosel)?

A

Doctor

i.e. Bernkasteler Doctor

144
Q

Format for Mosel vineyard names?

A
Village name (with an -er added) then vineyard
ie Wurtzgarten is a vineyard in Urzig = Urziger Wurtzgarten
145
Q

What makes Mosel Rieslings distinctive?

A

Paler colour, lighter body, lower alcohol, higher acidity

Pronounced floral, green fruit

146
Q

What makes Mosel Riesling capable of long ageing?

A

Lower alcohol

Higher acid

147
Q

Historically, Mosel best known for sweet or dry wine?

A

Sweeter styles

Kabinett, Spatlese, Auslese

148
Q

Name a co-op in Mosel

A

Moselland

149
Q

High quality small producers in Mosel eg

A

Egon Muller
Markus Molitor
Dr Loosen

150
Q

Why does Franken have the most continental climate in Germany?

A

Furthest east

151
Q

Climate in Franken

A
Most continental of major regions (furthest east)
Warm summers
Shorter growing season
Cool autumn
Harsh winter
Spring frost
152
Q

Franken long tradition for dry or sweet whites?

A

Dry

82% plantings are white, mostly Muller Thurgau

153
Q

Silvaner buds early or late

A

Early

Spring frost

154
Q

Silvaner ripens early or late. So what?

A

Ripens early

Suitable for Franken’s shorter growing season (can ripen fully in time)

155
Q

Silvaner wine style

A

Full bodied, dry

Floral, wet stone

156
Q

Bocksbeutel

A

Flat, round-shaped bottle with a short neck

Traditional in Franken

157
Q

Franken wineries owned by charities (2)

A

Burgerspital

Juliusspital

158
Q

Nahe located between which two other regions?

A

Mosel and Rheinhessen

159
Q

Account for wide variety of soils and growing conditions in Nahe?

A

Small number of small estates scattered over a large area

160
Q

Nahe protected by what?

A

Hunsruck Mountains

Mild temperatures, low rainfall

161
Q

White wine accounts for what % of Nahe plantings?

A

75%

162
Q

Nahe Riesling vs. Mosel?

A

Nahe slightly warmer = lower acidity but riper fruit, more body (vs Mosel)
Less so than Rheingau and Rheinhessen though

163
Q

Two villages in Nahe

A

Schlossbocelheim

Bad Kreuznach

164
Q

Producers in Nahe

A

Weingut Donnhof
Emrich-Schonleber
Paul Anheuser

165
Q

Most planted red variety in Nahe?

A

Dornfelder
followed by Spatburgunder
Black varieties only 25% of plantings though

166
Q

Rheingau extends along the Rhine from where to where?

A

Wiesbaden to Lorchhausen

+ short section of river Main around Hochheim

167
Q

What protects Rheingau from cold northerly winds?

A

Taunus Mountains

168
Q

Why are Rheingau Rieslings more full bodied (vs Mosel)

A

Protected from cold northerly winds
South facing aspect
Better ripening, riper fruit character

169
Q

Rhine River is quite wide (1km) in Rheingau. So what?

A

Moderating influence on temperatures = less frost risk

Increase humidity = good for botryris

170
Q

Best vineyard areas in Rheingau?

A

Steep slopse around Rudesheim, Geisenheim, Johannisberg, Hattenheim, Erbach

171
Q

Best position on slope in Rheingau for dry wines?

A

Mid slope

Some moderating influence from river, but far enough away to avoid humidity

172
Q

White wines account for what % of Rheingau plantings?

A

86%

Mostly Riesling

173
Q

Riesling in Rheingau: more dry or sweet?

A

Predominantly dry
Country-wide trend for drier styles started here
also: botrytised sweet winse

174
Q

Region for Spatburgunder in Rheingau? (funny name)

A

Assmanshausen

Hollenberg vineyard

175
Q

Are co-ops important in Rheingau?

A

Less so than elsewhere

Historic home of aristocracy, a lot of Schlosses

176
Q

Important Rheingau producers

A

Schloss Johannisberg
Schloss Vollrads
Weingut Robert Weil

177
Q

Ahr best known for red or white?

A

Domainted by black varieties (83%)

178
Q

Why so much red wine in Ahr?

A

Sheltered valley, steep, south-facing slopes

Heat-retaining dark slate and greywacke

179
Q

Traditional style of reds from Ahr?

A

Late harvest

Residual sugar

180
Q

Co-op in Ahr

A

Mayschoss
Founded in 1868
oldest in the world apparently

181
Q

Co-ops produce what % of Ahr wine

A

75%

182
Q

Germany: number of growers has fallen but plantings gone up slightly. How/why?

A

More plantings on flatter valley sites = bulk wine production, larger producers

183
Q

Account for high production costs in Germany? So what?

A

Steep slopes
High cost of labour
Low yields (Esp for sweet wines)
Vintage variation

So: some growers leave the business

184
Q

What is Generation Riesling

A

A 2005 program to give young winemakers (under 35) a platform to promote - German Wine Institute

185
Q

What is Weinkellerei?

A

German for merchant houses/negociants

186
Q

Co-ops receive the crop from about what % of total German vineyard?

A

30%

187
Q

Account for shift in German production towards drier whites and more reds

A

Changing tastes among German consumers

Domestic market very important

188
Q

German wine exports have gone up or down?

A

Almost halved this century

Now around 1 million hl (10% of production)