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Southern Italy Flashcards

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1
Q

Altitudes in Campania

A

200-600m

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2
Q

Three signature white grapes in Campania

A

Falanghina, Greco, Fiano

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3
Q

Signature black grape (and its key DOCG) in Campania?

A

Aglianico

Taurasi DOCG

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4
Q

Campania climate

A

Warm Mediterranean

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5
Q

Cooling influence in Campania?

A

Altitude

Inland vines planted on slopes up to 600m

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6
Q

Most grapes in Campania ripen early or late?

A

Late ripening

Sometimes threatened by cold and rainy early autumns

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7
Q

Three main soil types in Campania?

A

Limestone and clay (hills)
Volcanic and sandy (volanic areas)
Alluvial sediments (between Naples and Benevento)

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8
Q

Benefit of limestone and clay soils in the hills of Campania?

A

Good balance between fast drainage and water retention

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9
Q

Limestone and clay soils in hilly area of Campania contains which three important DOCGs?

A

Fiano di Avellino DOCG
Greco di Tufo DOCG
Taurasi DOCG

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10
Q

Two key DOCs in volanic/sandy soil area around Naples

A

Campi Flegrei DOC

Vesuvio DOC

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11
Q

Campi Flegrei DOC: soil types and types of wine

A

Tuff, pumice and sandy soil, fast draining
Whites: Falanghina
Reds and rosés: Piedirosso

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12
Q

Vesuvio DOC also includes wines labelled with what weird term?

A

Lacyrma Christi

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13
Q

Soils in Vesuvio DOC

A

similar to Campi Flegrei DOC: tuff, pumice and sandy soil, fast draining

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14
Q

Key grapes in Vesuvio DOC

A

Red wines: Piedirosso

White wines: Coda di Volpe

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15
Q

Campania: alluvial sediments in the large area between Naples and Benvento, what kind of denominations will you find here?

A

Beneventano IGT

Sannio DOC

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16
Q

Campania wines tend to be single varietal or blends?

A

Mostly single varietal

Mostly 100% that variety, or 85% plus authorised blending variety

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17
Q

Most planted grape in Campania?

A

Aglianico

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18
Q

Most planted black grape, most planted white grape in Campania?

A

Black: Aglianico
White: Falanghina

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19
Q

Why is timing of harvest important for Falanghina?

A

Grapes can shrivel at the end of the season

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20
Q

Falanghina style

A

Medium intensity apple, white peach, herbaceous, grass
Medium (+) acidity
Most unoaked

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21
Q

Largest DOC in Campania for Falanghina?

A

Falanghina del Sannio

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22
Q

Why is Greco challenging to grow?

A

Prone to grey rot, both mildews

Low vigour, low productivity

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23
Q

What makes Greco suitable for a warm region (eg Campania)?

A

Toelrant of heat

Drought-resistant

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24
Q

Soils for Greco di Tufo DOCG

A

Limestone and clay

NB “tufo” not referring to soil - it’s the name of the nearby town

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25
Max yield for Greco di Tufo
70hl/ha
26
Greco di Tufo style
``` Deep lemon High alcohol Oily texture Floral, stone-fruit, smoky Unoaked ```
27
Who rescued Fiano from neglect?
Mastroberardino
28
Fiano di Avellino DOCG style
Medium (-) to medium intensity floral, peach, hazelnut Medium (+) body Medium to medium (+) acid Waxy texutre
29
Aglianico buds early or late
Early - frost
30
Aglianico ripens early or late?
Late | Requires a long season for tannins to ripen
31
Aglianico style
Medium (+) to pronounced intensity Rose, red plum, blackberry High acid High tannin
32
Taurasi DOCG: what % of Aglianico?
Min 85%
33
Ageing requirement for Taurasi DOCG?
Three years ageing, minimum one year in wood Riserva: four years with 18 months in wood
34
When is Aglianico harvested for Taurasi?
End of October, early November
35
Maceration for Aglianico for Tarausi?
Long maceration, min 20 days
36
Piedirosso style
``` Red wines Pale ruby Fresh, medium (+) acid Medium tannins Red plum Red cherry ```
37
Islands in Campania where Piedirosso grows
Ischia | Capri
38
What are Ischia and Capri?
Two islands in Campania | Piedirosso grown here
39
Why does Piedirosso resist botrytis well?
Open bunches, thick skinned berries
40
What is Piedirosso used for in Campania (2)?
1. Early drinking varietal wines | 2. Soften Aglianico-based wines, add perfume and freshness
41
Irpinia DOC covers what province?
Avellino
42
Sannio DOC covers what province?
Benevento
43
Significant companies in Campania
Mastroberardino Terredora (offshot of Mastroberardino family) Feudi di San Gregorio
44
Important co-op in Campania
La Guardiense | 1,000 member co-op, makes 15% of wine from Benevento province
45
What is La Guardiense?
Large, 1,000-member co-op in Campania | Benevento provicne
46
Most of Basilicata's production is what quality level of wine?
IGT or "wine"
47
Most important denomination in Basilicata?
Aglianico del Vulture DOC
48
Aglianico del Vulture named for/located beside what
Mount Vulture, an inactive volcano
49
Aglianico accounts for what % of plantings in Basilicata?
33%
50
Aglianico del Vulture must be what % Aglianico?
100%
51
Vulture DOC: soils? So what?
Clay, limestone and volcanic Volcanic gives excellent drainage Clay and limestone holds water
52
Climate in Basilicata/Vulture?
Warm Medietrranean Cooling from altitude, breezes from Balkans => retain acidity, extend growing season => high aromatic intensity
53
Aglianico del Vulture DOC style
``` Red plum and blackberry Full body high acid High alcohol High tannins ```
54
Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG. What's different?
Max yield lower (52hl/ha vs. 70hl/ha) | Min three years ageing, one in oak
55
Is Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG a popular category with producers?
Some use it (eg d'Angelo) | Others (e.g Elena Fucci) don't, they just sell their DOC 2 years or whatever after harvest
56
Significant producers in Aglianico del Vulture?
Paternoster (now owned by Tommasi) d'Angelo Elena Fucci
57
Climate in Puglia
Hot Mediterranean | Moderating breezes from sea
58
What makes Puglia well suited to volume wine production?
Hot climate Low rainfall => low disease pressure Fertile soils Irrigiation permitted
59
Most planted grape in Puglia?
Sangiovese
60
Puglia: when does Primitivo ripen
Early! Often picked in August to avoid autumn rain
61
Primitivo buds early or late
Early (frost)
62
Why is Puglian Primitivo more disease resitant than Californian Zinfandel?
Bunches are looser with smaller berries
63
Why is strict sorting important with Primitivo?
Bunches contain ripe and under-ripe fruit | Sorting necessary for high quality
64
Account for Primitivo's high alcohol
Accumulates sugar easily | Grapes tend to dry on vine before harvest, adding to high alcohol
65
Training for Primitivo in Puglia: old vines and new vines
Old vines: bush trained, low density | Newer vines, inexpensive boys: trellised (cordon trained or cane-pruned with VSP) to enable mechanisation
66
Two main DOCs for Primitivo in Puglia?
Primitivo di Manduria DOC | Gioia del Colle DOC
67
Minimum % of Primitivo in Primitivo di Manduria DOC?
85%
68
Primitivo di Manduria DOC Riserva: ageing and other requirements?
2 1/2 years, including 9 months in wood | Min 14% abv
69
Gioia del Colle DOC must be what % Primitivo? (And what else?)
50-60% Primitivo with Montepulciano, Sangivoese and/or Negroamaro optional up to 10% Malvasia
70
Body and alcohol for Primitivo di Manduria DOC and Gioia del Colle DOC?
Full body | High alcohol
71
Top producer for Primitivo di Manduria DOC?
Gianfranco Fino
72
Top producer for Gioia del Colle DOC
Polvanera
73
One reason for resurgent popularity of Primitivo?
Popularity of California Zinfandel
74
Primitivo di Manduria/Gioia del Colle: style
``` Full body High alcohol Medium (+) to pronounced Ripe to jammy red cherry, strawberry Medium acid Medium to medium (+) tannin ```
75
What makes Negroamaro suitable to grow in a hot climate (eg. eastern side of Salento peninsula, Puglia)?
High yielding Disease resistant Drought resistant Ability to retain acidity
76
Most important DOC for Negroamaro in puglia?
Salice Salentino DOC
77
Salice Salentino Rosso DOC must be what % Negroamaro?
75% | 90% if "Negroamaro" on the label
78
Negroamaro style (eg Salice Salentino)
Black plum, black cherry Medium to high alcohol Medium acid Medium (+) tannin
79
Top producers for Negroamaro in Puglia
Agricola Vallone | Leone de Castris
80
Nero di Troia aka
Uva di Troia
81
Difference in ripening between Nero di Troia vs. Primitivo and Negroamaro?
NdT needs a long season to develop full colour => susceptible to autumn rain Bunches ripen at different times -> costly passes through vineyard
82
Nero di Troia style
Medium intensity red cherry, redcurrant, black pepper High but fine-grained tannins Medium (+) acidity
83
Most important PDO for Nero di Troia?
Castel del Monte DOC | Castel del Monte Riserva DOCG
84
Castel del Monte is the most important PDO for what Puglian grape?
Nero di Troia | Sebastiano!
85
Castel del Monte must be what % nero di troia?
90% if Nero di Troia stated on the label
86
What % of Puglian wine is PDO?
Less than 10% | 60% is just "wine"
87
What is Cantina Due Palme?
Big co-op in Puglia 1,000 members 2,500ha of vines
88
Most planted white grape and most important red grape in Sicily?
White: Catarratto Red: Nero d'Avola
89
Sicily climate
Warm Mediterranean
90
Low rainfall in Sicily. So what?
Need to irrigate | Particularly high volume areas
91
Catarratto, Grillo and Inzolia are what? What are they used for?
Local white grapes in Sicily Used for inexpensive dry whites and for Marsala Blended with each other or with CHardonnay
92
What is Catarratto known for?
High yields | Disease resistant
93
Catarratto style
Light intensity lemon and herbal High acid Medium alcohol
94
Grillo is a cross of what two varieties?
Catarratto adn Moscato
95
What makes Grillo suitable for warm, dry Sicilian climate?
High yield Heat resistant Disease restistant
96
Grillo style
Full body Medium intensity lemon and floral Medium alcohol High acid
97
Key producer/champion of Grillo in Sicily?
Marco de Bartoli
98
Inzolia aka
Ansonica
99
Why does Inzolia need to be picked early?
Otherwise it loses acidity
100
Inzolia style
White Medium (-) intensity lemon Medium acid Medium body
101
Which Moscato in Sicily? What's it known locally as?
Muscat of Alexandria | aka Zibibbo
102
Moscato/Zibibbo in Sicily: which island?
Pantelleria
103
What is Zibibbo?
aka Muscat of Alexandria | Sicily
104
Three styles of Moscato/Zibibbo in Pantelleria, Sicily
Dry Late harvest Passito
105
Style of passito Moscato/Zibibbo in Pantelleria, Sicily
Deep lemon Pronounced cooked orange, apricot, honey Sweet High alcohol
106
Nero d'Avola aka
Calabrese
107
Nero d'Avola style
Medium to deep ruby Red cherry, black plum Medium (+) to high tannin Medium to medium (+) acid
108
Nero d'Avola is late ripening. So what?
Often trained low to ground to maximsie heat
109
Why does Nero d'Avola yield vary from one year to next?
Suffers from uneven flowering
110
What is Sicily's only DOCG?
Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG | Blend of Nero d'Avola and Frappato and int'l varieties
111
Top producers of Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG
Cos | Planeta
112
What is Cerasuolo di Vittoria?
``` Sicily's only DOCG Red wine (not rosé) Blend of Nero d'Avola, Frappato adn int'l varieties ```
113
Nerello Mascalese buds early. So what?
Spring forst
114
Etna altitudes
400-1,000m
115
Account for intenstiy of flavour of wines from Etna?
Altitude of 400-1,000m | Long growing season
116
Why is careful deleafing important for Nerello Mascalese on Etna?
Deleaf too early: berries sunburn | Deleaf too late: berries don't ripen -> unripe flavours, harsh tannins
117
Nerello Mascalese is moderately tannic. So what?
Shrot time on skins (10-15 days) | Avoid over-extraction
118
Top producer in Etna?
Graci
119
Nerello Mascalese style
Medium to pale ruby (depending on extraction) High intensity aromas red cherry violet, herbal earth High acid Medium to high tannins Medium alcohol (but at the high end)
120
Etna Rosso DOC must be what % Nerello Mascalese?
80%
121
Etna Rosso: what two grapes?
``` Nerello Mascalese (min 80%) Nerello Cappucio ```
122
Etna: work by hand?
Yes | Vineyards on steep slopes
123
Max yield for Etna Rosso
56hl/ha
124
Main grape for Etna Bianco DOC?
Carricante Min 60% -> often 100% (can be blended with Cataratto)
125
Malolactic for Etna Bianco?
Normally yes, reduce acid | large diurnal range gives high acid
126
Etna Bianco style
Medium intensity lemon Green apple High acid Medium alcohol
127
What has bigger volume: Etna Rosso or Etna Bianco?
Etna Rosso
128
What happened to IGT Sicilia in 2011?
It became Sicilia DOC
129
Large and influential private companies in Sicily?
Donnafugata Tasca d'Almerita Planeta
130
Big co-op in Sicily?
Settesoli 2,000 growers 6,000ha
131
What % of Sicilian wine is bottled?
Only 20%! | Most is sold in bulk
132
Where is Sardinia located?
Off the coast of Tuscany | South of Corsica
133
Most important grapes on Sardinia?
Cannonau (Grenache) Carignano (Carignan Vermentino
134
Two local grapes on Sardinia (one white, one black) mainly for local consumption?
Monica (black) | Nuragus (white)
135
What is Monica?
Black grape on Sardinia | Mostly localy consumption
136
Climate in Sardinia
Warm Mediterranean
137
Sardinian name for Grenache?
Cannonau
138
Most important DOC for Cannonau on Sardinia?
Cannonau di Sardegna DOC
139
Vermentino is early budding. So what?
Spring frost
140
Vermentino style (Sardinia)
Medium intensity lemon and acacia (tropical if v ripe) Light to medium body Medium alcohol Medium (+) acid
141
Vermentino winemaking (Sardinia)
Gentle pressing of grapes Short skin contact (24hrs) Ferment cool to mid range (steel) Short ageing (3-4 mths) (neutral, on fine lees)
142
2 most important PDOs for Vermentino in Sardinia?
Vermentino di Sardegna DOC | Vermentino di Gallura DOCG
143
What is Sardinia's only DOCG?
Vermentino di Gallura DOCG
144
Main PDO for Carignano in Sardinia?
Carignano del Sulcis DOC
145
How is Carignano trained on Sardinia?
Bush vines
146
Why are bush vines suited (eg Carignano) to Sardinia?
Suit the dry climate of the area | Restrain Carignanon's natural vigour
147
What proportion of Sardinia is PDO?
Two thirds
148
What is Cantina Santadi
High quality co-op on Sardinia | Giacomo Tachis consultant

D3 KID (35 decks)

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