Byzantians and Christianity

Question 1

a) Byzantine Government

Answer 1

i) Dominate Style (Absolutist)

Question 2

b) Autocrator

Answer 2

i) Self-Powering

Question 3

c) Byzantine Religion

Answer 3

i) Christian Dominated

Question 4

ii) Simeon Stylites

Answer 4

(Simeon the Pillar Dweller)

(1) Thought the satanic side of humanity needed to be subdued
(a) Your human flesh
(2) Went into the Syrian Desert and built himself a column
(a) Lived inside it for years
(b) Built 3 more and lived in all of them

Question 5

d) 5 Big Heresy’s

Answer 5

i) Aranism
(1) Distinction between God the Father and God the Son
(a) An Ecumenical Council was founded in 325 AD to debate this issue
(i) Met in Nicaea
(ii) Disproved this
ii) Donatism
(1) Centered around Carthrage
(a) Once a priest, always a priest
iii) Pelagianism
(1) Men and Women have Freewill
iv) Nestorianism
(1) Came in the 5th Century BC
(2) Questioning the Holy Trinity
(a) Thought Jesus was a man
(i) The council ruled this as false, he was both man and god
v) Monophysitism
(1) 451 AD
(a) Jesus was God with human aspects, not really a man
(i) Another council debate
1. Declared it Heresy
vi) Donatism and Pelagianism can be grouped together as having similar ideas
(1) Both came from the West
vii) Aranism, Nestorianism and Monophysitism can be grouped together as having similar ideas
(1) Came from the East

Question 6

e) Caesaropapasism

Answer 6

i) No separation from Emperor as a governmental and religious ruler

Question 7

f) Patriarch

Answer 7

i) Christian church modeled this behavior
ii) Alexandria, Antioch and Rome were all very high on the Patriarchy
(1) Constantinople was made one when it became the Capital
iii) 7th Century AD Antioch and Alexandria were converted to Muslim

Question 8

g) Icon and Mosaic

Answer 8

i) Types of Art
ii) Icon tended to all look the same
iii) Mosaics tended to be 2D in appearance
iv) Both like Egyptian art work

Question 9

Alaric

Answer 9

 410 A.D.
 Took city of Rome
 Dizzogotes moved on and settled in Spain

Question 10

Vandals

Answer 10

 Crossed Rhine
 Entered Roman empire
 Stayed in south Spain
 Took over carthage

Question 11

Ostrogoths

Answer 11

 Enter Italy
 Last years of 5th
 Ostrogoth kingdom
 Occupied the used to be Roman cities

Question 12

Lomard

Answer 12

 Main groups that came in and took over

 England= least Romanized empire

Question 13

Franks

Answer 13

	Successful 
	500 A.D. fully control present day France 
	Moved over the Rhine boundary 
	Never loose culture 
	Some of the religion are pagan  
	Others (many) Christians

Question 14

Ulfilas

Answer 14

 C.330 A.D.
 Convert people to Christianity “little wolf”
 Got wrong kind of Christianity
 Arianism- trinity one is higher than others “equal”
 Not main stream

Question 15

Clovis

Answer 15

 C.500 A.D.
 Went directly to the right Christianity not Arian
 Alliance between ruler and rule have differences
 Religion is a coded language of Christianity

Question 16

Syncretism

Answer 16

	Elements coming together 
	Mithra 
	Savory god
	Popular to army
	Mystery religion 
	Asked to join 
	Same as Dionysian

Question 17

Taurobolium

Answer 17

 Ceremonial
 Pit dug in ground 12-10 feet
 Lowered down into pit
 Grill is on top, slaughter bull
 Person is baptizing with the blood from the bull
 Pouring down into the pit
 Looked forward after life (heaven or hell)

Question 18

Christianity

Answer 18

	Drop out religion
	Dropout of society 
	331A.D.
	Turned back on society
	Role models-chastity (virginity)

Question 19

313 A.D

Answer 19

	Christianity is tolerated 
	Favoured 
	Many became to Christianity
	Further drop out of society
	Munks, nuns 
	Shun society

Question 20

Eastern civilization

330 A.D.

Answer 20

 Greek polis= Byzantium
 Found empire
 Came to an end 415 A.D.

Question 21

Justinian

Answer 21

	C.550 A.D.
	Peak of Byzantium empire
	Set a panel of legal experts to sum up of Roman law
	Everything is built on Justinian 
	Cultural program 
	Build on a massive scale
	Great church was built

Question 22

Hagia Sophia

Answer 22

	Holy wisdom
	1450 A.D. turned into musk 
	20th century= museum 
	Incredible achievement 
	Became a pattern for all churches 
	Attempted to restore unity across Mediterranean

Question 23

First target

Answer 23

 Vandals North Africa
 Located the city
 Reestablish north Africa to naval base
 Controlling western half of Mediterranean
 Wanted to control Rome and Italy
 For 20 years spending money

Question 24

Ravenna

Answer 24

 City at top of Adriatic Sea
 Established the exarchate
 Emperors representative

Question 25

7th century

Answer 25

```  Muhammed died 632 A.D.  Islam conquered Egypt/Africa/Persia/Syria  All within a generation  8th century came close  Arabs and Byzantium began to tolerate ```

Question 26

Seljuk Turks

Answer 26

 Arrived Eastern Flank of Byzantium  1071 A.D. manzlkert  Didn’t succeed

Question 27

Ottoman Turks

Answer 27

 took over Constantinople

Question 28

Crusade 4

Answer 28

 liberate holy place  got side tracked  attached Christians in Constantinople  1204-1261 A.D.