C4 - Learning approaches: Social learning theory

Question 1

Key features

Answer 1

• Learning takes place in social context through observation & imitation of others
• Behaviour that is rewarded is copied (vicarious reinforcement)
• Imitate role model’s behaviour if you identify with them (similar looks, status etc.)

Question 2

Mediational processes

Answer 2

1. Attention - behaviour noticed
2. Retention - behaviour remembered
3. Motor reproduction - able to do it
4. Motivation - will to peform it

Question 3

Bandura’s research - procedures

Answer 3

Bandura et al. (1961):
- Children watched adult behaving aggressively or non-aggressively to Bobo doll

Bandura & Walters (1963):
- Children saw adult who was either rewarded, punished or no consequence

Question 4

Bandura’s research - findings & conclusions

Answer 4

Bandura et al. (1961):
- Chlidren who saw aggression were more aggressive to doll

Bandura & Walters (1963):
- Children who saw aggression rewarded were more aggressive themselves

• Chlidren likely to imitate violence if seen in an adult role model
• Modelling aggressive behaviour more likely if behaviour is rewarded (vicarious reinforcement)

Question 5

Evaluations of SLT (SSL)

Answer 5

S - Emphasises importance of cognitive factors
S - Real-world application
L - Relies too heavily on evidence from contrived lab studies

Question 6

Evaluations of SLT - Emphasises importance of cognitive factors (S)

Answer 6

• C + O conditioning can’t offer comprehensive account of human learning as they exclude cognitive factors
• Humans & animals store info about behaviour of others to make judgements on when to perform actions
• SLT is more complete explanation of human learning than behavourist, recognises mediational processes

Question 7

Evaluations of SLT - Real-world application (S)

Answer 7

• Principles account for how children learn from others around them, explaining transmitting of cultural norms
• Understand behavours such as how children understand their gender role by imitating media role models
• Increases value of SLT

Question 8

Evaluations of SLT - Relies too heavily on evidence from contrived lab studies (L)

Answer 8

• Banduras ideas developed through observation of children’s behaviour in lab settings (demand characteristics)
• Main purpose of doll is to hit, children behaving as expected
• Research tells little about how children learn aggression in everyday life