C4 Respiration

Question 1

Why do we breath air

Answer 1

1. Respiration
2. blood pH regulation
3. Sound production
4. Olfaction
5. Protection

Question 2

Components of respiration

Answer 2

Ventilation
External respiration
Respiratory gas transport
Internal respiration

Question 3

Ventilation

Answer 3

Movement in & out of lungs

Question 4

External respiration

Answer 4

gaseous exchange between lungs & blood

Question 5

Respiratory gas transport

Answer 5

Through blood & the whole body

Question 6

Internal respiration

Answer 6

Gaseous exchange between blood & tissue

Question 7

Path air takes as it moves in & out of lungs

Answer 7

Nose-> nasal cavity -> pharynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> lungs

Question 8

How does the respiratory tract protect the lungs from dust & pathogens (nasal cavity)- Hair

Answer 8

Filter coarse particles from inspired air

Question 9

How does the respiratory tract protect the lungs from dust & pathogens (nasal cavity)- Mucus

Answer 9

traps dust, bacteria & other debris from inspired air

Question 10

How does the respiratory tract protect the lungs from dust & pathogens (nasal cavity)- Cilia

Answer 10

Create gentle current by beating moving contaminated mucus towards throat to be swallowed

Question 11

How does the respiratory tract protect the lungs from dust & pathogens (nasal cavity)- Lysosome

Answer 11

kills bacteria

Question 12

How are O2 & CO2 exchanged in the alveoli

Answer 12

simple diffusion, RBC, plasma

Question 13

Gas exchange in alveoli O2

Answer 13

Alveoli->blood: external respiration
blood -> tissue: internal respiration

Question 14

Gas exchange in alveoli CO2

Answer 14

blood -> alveoli: external respiration
tissue->blood: internal respiration

Question 15

How does the thoracic cavity expand

Answer 15

• Diaphragm contracts, moves inferiorly & flattens
• External intercostal muscle contracts, elevating rib cage & sternum

Question 16

Why does expanding your thoracic cavity make you breathe in

Answer 16

1. Lung volume increase
2. Intra alveolar pressure decrease
3. Barometric air pressure > Intra-alveolar pressure
4. Air rushes in to equalise pressure

Question 17

How do O2 & CO2 pass between capillaries & tissue cells

Answer 17

Partial pressure gradient for O2 & CO2 dictates the direction of movement
- gas move from higher partial pressure to lower partial pressure

Question 18

Why do we breathe faster during & after exercise

Answer 18

1. Ventilation increase abruptly
   - onset of exercise
   - movement of limbs has a strong influence
2. Ventilation increases gradually
3. Exercise adaptations
   - slight increase in vital capacity
   - slight decrease in residual volume
   - at maximal exercise, tidal volume & minute ventilation increases

Question 19

Dynamic tests of lung function

Answer 19

• Lung volume measured in relation to time
• Dependent on rate of air flow
• Usually determined during repetitive breathing
• Essential for diagnosis of obstructive lung disease