Calculations

Question 1

KCL to Tablets conversion

Answer 1

KCL 10% = 20 mEq/15 mL

Question 2

Calcium Salts elemental calcium conversion

Answer 2

Carbonate = 40% elemental calcium
Citrate = 20% elemental calcium

Question 3

Aminophylline -> Théophylline

Answer 3

Multiply by 0.8 (ATM)

T -> A = Divide by 0.8

Question 4

Statin conversions

Answer 4

Pitavastatin = 2mg
Rosuvastation = 5mg
Atorvastation = 10mg
Simvastatin = 20mg
Lovastatin = 40mg
Pravastatin = 40mg
Fluvastatin = 80mg

Question 5

Metoprolol IV to PO conversion

Answer 5

1mg IV = 2.5mg PO

Question 6

Loop diuretics conversion

Answer 6

Bumetanide 1mg = Torsemide 20mg = Furosemide 40mg

Question 7

Furosemide IV to PO conversion

Answer 7

1mg IV = 2mg PO

Question 8

Iron elemental conversions

Answer 8

Sulfate = 20% elemental

Question 9

Insulin conversions

Answer 9

NPH BID -> Glargine QD = 80% of NPH dose
Toujeo -> other Glargine/Detemir = 80% of Toujeo dose

Question 10

Levothyroxine IV to PO dosing

Answer 10

0.75mg IV = 1mg PO

Question 11

Steroid conversions Methylprednisolone -> Prednisone/Prednisolone

Answer 11

4mg Methylpred = 5mg Pred

Question 12

Lithium Conversions

Answer 12

5ml lithium citrate syrup = 300mg lithium carbonate = 8 mEq Li+ ion

Question 13

Opioid conversions Morphine

Answer 13

10mg IV = 30mg Oral

Question 14

Opioid conversion Hydromorphone

Answer 14

1.5mg IV = 7.5mg Oral

Question 15

Opioid Conversion Oxycodone

Answer 15

20mg Oral = 7.5mg Hydromorphone oral = 30mg Morphine oral

Question 16

Phenytoin total correction for albumin < 3.5

Answer 16

Total phenytoin measured / (0.2 X albumin) + 0.1

Question 17

Ratio strength -> Percent Strength

Answer 17

X % strength = 100 / ratio strength

Question 18

Percent Strength -> Ratio strength

Answer 18

Ratio strength = 100 / % Strength

Question 19

Parts per million -> percent strength

Answer 19

Move decimal left 4 places

Question 20

Percent strength -> Parts per million

Answer 20

Move decimal right 4 places

Question 21

mOsmol/ L calculation

Answer 21

[(Wt of substance g/L) / ( MW g/mole)] X (# of particles) X 1,000

Question 22

E formula

Answer 22

[(58.5)(i)] / [(MW of drug)(1.8)]

Question 23

mols calculation

Answer 23

g / MW

Question 24

mmols calculation

Answer 24

mg / MW

Question 25

mEq formula

Answer 25

( mg X valence) / MW or mmols X valence

Question 26

Fluid Requirement formula

Answer 26

Use when wt > 20 kg 1,500 mL + (20mL)(wt in kg - 20)

Question 27

Total Energy expenditure (TEE) formula

Answer 27

BEE X activity factor X Stress factor

Question 28

Activity factors

Answer 28

1.2 = non ambulatory / in bed 1.3 = ambulatory/ not in bed

Question 29

Stress factors

Answer 29

Minor surgery = 1.2 Infection = 1.4 Major trauma = 1.5 Burns over 30% BSA = 1.5 - 2

Question 30

BMI calculation

Answer 30

[weight (lbs) / height (in)^2] X 703 weight (kg) / height (m)^2

Question 31

Calories from carbs/protein

Answer 31

4kcal / gram

Question 32

Calories from fat

Answer 32

9 kcal / gram

Question 33

Calories from dextrose monohydrate

Answer 33

3.4 kcal/gram

Question 34

Calories from amino acid solutions

Answer 34

4 kcal/gram

Question 35

Calories from ILE

Answer 35

ILE 10% = 1.1 kcal/mL ILE 20% = 2 kcal/mL ILE 30% = 3 kcal/mL

Question 36

Grams of nitrogen from protein

Answer 36

Protein intake (g) / 6.25

Question 37

Corrected calcium calculation

Answer 37

If albumin < 3.5 [Calcium (reported)] + [(4.0 - albumin) X 0.8]

Question 38

ANC calculation

Answer 38

WBC X [(% seg + % bands)/100]

Question 39

Temp conversion

Answer 39

C = (F - 32)/1.8 F = (C X 1.8) + 32

Question 40

IBW males formula

Answer 40

50kg + (2.3 X in over 5ft)

Question 41

IBW female formula

Answer 41

45.5 + (2.3 X in over 5ft)

Question 42

CrCl formula

Answer 42

[( 140 - age) / (Scr X 72)] X wt (0.85 if female)

Question 43

Adj BW formula

Answer 43

IBW + 0.4 (TBW - IBW)

Question 44

How to reduce chances of precipitation from Calcium/Phosphate

Answer 44

Use calcium gluconate instead of calcium chloride add phosphate first Calcium/Phosphate not to exceed 45 mEq/L Lower pH = less precipitation

Question 45

Which drugs shouldn't be crushed and given via feeding tubes

Answer 45

Enteric coated Delayed or extended release Sublingual or buccal forms Hazardous drugs

Question 46

General rule for preventing drug-nutrient interactions with tubes

Answer 46

hold 1hr before and 1-2hrs after admin of med

Question 47

Drugs that can interact with tube feed nutrients

Answer 47

Warfarin Quinolones/Tetracyclines Levo Cipro Phenytoin

Question 48

BMI classifications

Answer 48

< 18.5 = underweight 18.5 - 24.9 = normal weight 25 - 29.9 = over weight > 30 = obese

Question 49

When TBW < IBW which one do you use

Answer 49

TBW for all meds

Question 50

When TBW = IBW or < 120% of IBW which one do you use

Answer 50

TBW for most meds use IBW for Aminophylline/Theophylline/acyclovir/Levo

Question 51

When obese (TBW > 120% IBW) which one do you use

Answer 51

IBW for Aminophylline/Theophylline/acyclovir/Levo TBW for LMWHs,UFH, Vanco AdjBW for AGs

Question 52

Pt is dehydrated if....

Answer 52

BUN: SCr > 20:1

Question 53

Which weight to use when calculating CrCl

Answer 53

TBW < IBW = use TBW TBW = IBW = use IBW TBW > IBW ( BMI < 25) = use IBW TBW > IBW (BMI > 25) = use Adj BW

Question 54

Arterial Blood Gas 3 Steps

Answer 54

1. pH < 7.35 -> acidosis, pH > 7.35 -> alkalosis 2. Respiratory CO2 -> < 35 = alkalosis, > 45 = acidosis Metabolic HCO3 -> > 26 = alkalosis, < 22 = acidosis 3. Match up parts from Step 1 & 2 = answer

Question 55

How to read ABG

Answer 55

pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/O2 sat ^ ^ ^ important ones (1,2,4)

Question 56

Anion gap formula

Answer 56

Na - Cl - HCO3

Question 57

Causes of gap acidosis

Answer 57

CUTE DIMPLES Cyanide, uremia, toluene, ethanol Diabetic ketoacidosis, isoniazide, methanol, propylene glycol, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol, salicylates)

Question 58

When is anion gap considered high?

Answer 58

> 12 = gap acidosis

Question 59

If pH > pKa then

Answer 59

more acid ionized, more conjugated base un-ionized

Question 60

if pH < pKa then...

Answer 60

more acid un-ionized, more conjugated base ionized

Question 61

Weak acid formula

Answer 61

pH = pKa + Log (salt/acid)

Question 62

Weak base formula

Answer 62

pH = pKa + log (Base/salt) or pH = (pKw - pKb) + log (Base/salt)

Question 63

% ionization of weak acid

Answer 63

(100) / ( 1+ 10^[pKa - pH])

Question 64

% ionization of weak base

Answer 64

(100) / ( 1+ 10^[pH- pKa])

Question 65

ANC lvls

Answer 65

2,200 - 8,000 = normal < 1,000 = Neutropenia < 500 = Severe Neutropenia < 100 = Profound Neutropenia

Question 66

Calcium citrate to elemental calcium conversion

Answer 66

21%