Cancer

Question 1

what is cancer?

Answer 1

uncontrolled cell growth

Question 2

neoplasm

Answer 2

new abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body

Question 3

malignant

Answer 3

• growing worse
• resisting treatment
• tending or threating to produce death
• harmful

Question 4

benign

Answer 4

• not recurrent or progressive

- opposite of malignant

Question 5

metastasis

Answer 5

• change in location

- spread of primary tumor to a new location

Question 6

what process does metastasis involve

Answer 6

• cell detachment
• invasion
• transportation
• invasion
• reestablishment

Question 7

grade of cancer

Answer 7

characteristics of tumor cells

Question 8

what can the grade of the cancer tell us

Answer 8

predict likelihood of growth and spread

Question 9

stage of cancer

Answer 9

indicates the extent, severity or aggressiveness of the tumor

Question 10

leukemia

Answer 10

• malignant neoplasm found in the bone marrow and the blood
• non-functional but replicating intermediate stage blood cells
• crowd out normal blood cells, inhibit blood cell production

Question 11

myeloid progenitor

Answer 11

gives rise to WBC

Question 12

lymphoid progenitor

Answer 12

gives rise to lymphocytes

Question 13

AE of chemo

Answer 13

• cancer related fatigue
• pain
• peripheral neuropathy
• N&V
• mucositis
• diarrhea
• constipation
• brain fog
• appetite loss
• left ventricular dysfunction
• functional deficits
• disabilities secondary to surgery
• pulmonary deficits
• osteoporosis
• reoccurrence of cancer

Question 14

what does high dose radiation do

Answer 14

• damage all of the healthy tissue that it passes through

- cardiac damage

Question 15

ALL

Answer 15

acute lymphocytic leukemia

Question 16

acute lymphocytic leukemia: seen in who

Answer 16

• 20% of all leukemias

- 30% adults, 70% peds

Question 17

acute lymphocytic leukemia: prognosis

Answer 17

• rapidly progressing, can die within several weeks
• peds: 80% survival
• adults: 40% survival

Question 18

acute lymphocytic leukemia: diagnosis

Answer 18

• blast cells: >20% bone marrow cells appear in the blood
• non-functional cells occupy space
• limited blood cell production

Question 19

acute lymphocytic leukemia: AE

Answer 19

• anemia
• increased risk for infection
• increased risk for bleeding

Question 20

AML

Answer 20

acute myelogenous (myeloid) leukemia

Question 21

acute myelogenous (myeloid) leukemia: seen in who

Answer 21

• 40% all leukemias
• 90% adults
• rare in children

Question 22

acute myelogenous (myeloid) leukemia: prognosis

Answer 22

• rapid progression
• cure rates: 20-45%
• mean age: 63, incidence increasing with increasing age

Question 23

acute myelogenous (myeloid) leukemia: diagnosis

Answer 23

immature cells in the myeloid line of blood cells (WBC)

Question 24

CLL

Answer 24

chronic lymphocyctic leukemia

Question 25

chronic lymphocyctic leukemia: seen in who

Answer 25

- 25% of all leukemias - 100% of adults - 0% peds

Question 26

chronic lymphocyctic leukemia: prognosis

Answer 26

- overall medial survival: 10-14 years - poor cytogenetics: 8 yrs - good cytogenetics: 25 yrs - age: 50

Question 27

chronic lymphocyctic leukemia: diagnosis

Answer 27

- chromosomal abnormalities | - affects B-lymphocytes, out of control growth

Question 28

CML

Answer 28

chronic myeloid (myelogenous) leukemia

Question 29

chronic myeloid (myelogenous) leukemia: seen in who

Answer 29

- 20% of all cases - adults: 95-100% peds: 2%, rare

Question 30

chronic myeloid (myelogenous) leukemia: prognosis

Answer 30

- avg age: 66 | - slow progression, moderate progression

Question 31

chronic myeloid (myelogenous) leukemia: diagnosis

Answer 31

- CML affects myeloid cells and usually grows slowly at first - philadelphia chromosome

Question 32

leukemia treatment

Answer 32

- chemo - radiaiton - bone marrow transplantation

Question 33

lymphoma

Answer 33

- cancer in lymphatic system - can also occur throughout rest of body - involves lymphocytes - orignated from lymphoid progenitor cells

Question 34

hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 34

- presence of reed-sternberg cell | - can be indolent or aggressive

Question 35

non-hodgkin's lymphoma

Answer 35

- 90% of all lymphoma cases | - when a T-cell or B-cell becomes abnormal

Question 36

lymphoma symptoms

Answer 36

- painless swelling of lymph nodes in neck, armpits, groin** - persistent, overwhelming fatigue - fever** - night sweats** - SOB - unexplained weight loss - itchy skin

Question 37

multiple myeloma

Answer 37

- malignant neoplasm arising in the bone marrow which can turn into a tumor - tumor initially affects the bones and bone marrow of the vertebrae, ribs, skull, pelvis and femur - blood tumor, not bone tumor - uncommon

Question 38

what is the primary presenting symptom with multiple myeloma

Answer 38

bone pain

Question 39

progression of multiple myeloma

Answer 39

causes damage to the kidney, leads to recurrent infections and affects the nervous system

Question 40

prognosis of multiple myeloma

Answer 40

poor

Question 41

multiple myeloma clinical presentation

Answer 41

- pathological fx - bone destruction/osteoporosis - life threatening hypercalcemia - muscular weakness and atrophy - kidney involvment

Question 42

multiple myeloma treatment

Answer 42

chemo

Question 43

how do you recondition a pt with an increased risk of fracture? like someone with multiple myeloma?

Answer 43

- dont specifically load the areas where fractures occur | - limit flexion activites