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Pathophysiology > GI part 2 > Flashcards

GI part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

S&S of GI disease

A 
N&V
anorexia
cachexia
constipation
dysphagia
achlasia
heartburn/indigestion
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2
Q

N&V complications

A
  • dehydration
  • fluid & electrolyte imbalance
  • pulmonary aspiration of vomitus
  • mucosal tear at gastroesophageal jxn
  • rupture of esophagus
  • malnutrition
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3
Q

anorexia

A

diminished appetite

can result in heart disease, renal disease, hypokalemia, hypotension, OH

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4
Q

cachexia

A 
loss of muscle mass and body weight - CA
hypermetabolic, high sympathetic drive 
high pro degradation
involuntary wt loss
malnutrition
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5
Q

constipation causes

A 
dehydration
inactivity
acute/chronic disease 
lesions or structure abnormalities
defecatory disorders
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6
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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7
Q

achlasia

A

failure of smooth mm fibers to relax

lower esophageal spincter failures to relax/open when needed

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8
Q

heartburn/indigestion

A

burning sensation in esophagus

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9
Q

types of abdominal pain

A

mechanical
inflammatory
referred
ischemic

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10
Q

mechanical abdominal pain

A

stretching of wall or hollow organ or capsule of solid organ

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11
Q

inflammatory abdominal pain

A

occurs by release of histamines

stimulates sensory nerves

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12
Q

ischemic abdominal pain

A

metabolites are released in the area of the ischemia resulting the generation of pain

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13
Q

S&S of bleeds

A

hematemesis
hematochezia
melena

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14
Q

hematenesis

A

vomiting of blood
red: injury in esophageal
coffee grinds: coagulated blood, injury in stomach

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15
Q

hematochezia

A

blood in stool
injury in lower colon or rectum
can lead to hemorrhoids

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16
Q

melena

A

passing of dark, tarry stool

caused by bleeding from any intestinal site

17
Q

implications for PTs on GI disease

A

body fluid loss - diarrhea, vomiting
electrolyte imbalance
hypovolemia –> OH, tachycardia, pallor

18
Q

what is most commonly seen in older adults

A 
constipation
incontinence 
diverticular disease
decreased taste bud fxn
decreased salivary secretions
loss of smooth muscle tone = slow gastric emptying
19
Q

diseases of esophagus

A

dysphagia
pain
bleeding
hiatal hernia

20
Q

hiatal hernia

A

upper portion of stomach protrudes into the chest cavity through an opening of diaphragm

21
Q

symptoms of hiatal hernia

A

GERD

22
Q

what should pts avoid with hiatal hernia

A

avoid valsalva maneuver in supine position, coughing, vomiting, straining or sudden physical exertion

23
Q

GERD

A
  • inflammation of esophagus secondary to retrograde flow to gastric juices
  • painful
  • LES not working
24
Q

PT implication with GERD

A
  • dont treat directly after a meal = heartburn
  • avoid supine position
  • nocturnal reflex = sleep on L side with pillow
  • avoid vigorous activity
  • elevate head of bed
25
Q

gastritis

A
  • inflammation of protective lining of stomach mucosa
  • can be acute or chronic
  • not a stomach ulcer
26
Q

symptoms of gastritis

A
  • epigastric pain
  • loss of appetite
  • heart burn
  • asymptomatic or symptoms associated with eating
  • hematemesis
27
Q

PT implications for gastritis

A
  • know which pts are on stomach injuring drugs
  • know how much they are taking
  • be alert for symptoms
28
Q

PT implications with ulcers

A
  • monitor symptoms
  • monitor NSAID use
  • pay attention to older aging adults
  • signs of bleeding = SP < 100, HR > 100, or a >10 drop in DP with position change
29
Q

diarrhea & dysentery

A

increase in stool mass, fq. of fluidity

30
Q

PT implication for diarrhea & dysentery

A

excess loss of water = dehydration

31
Q

colorectal carcinomas

A

asymptomatic for years

32
Q

what test, if done properly, stop the continuation of a growing colorectal tumor

A

colonoscopy

33
Q

PT implications for colorectal tumors

A
  • hx of corticosteroid treatment
  • impaired posture
  • removal of lymph nodes
  • metastasis to prostate, lungs, liver
34
Q

peritonitis

A
  • inflammation of the serous membrane lining walls of the abdominal cavity
  • high mortality rate
  • painful
35
Q

peritonitis creates what

A

severe systemic effects –> respiratory problems leading to fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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