infection and diseases

Question 1

what is a pathogen

Answer 1

microorganism that causes disease

Question 2

what are barriers to pathogens

Answer 2

mucus, skin, hair

Question 3

what is hyphae

Answer 3

reproductive protrusions in certain

Question 4

what is mycelium

Answer 4

hyphae together forms a mycelium which grows under the skin surface on a human

Question 5

what kingdom does bacteria belong to

Answer 5

Prokaryotae

Question 6

properties of bacteria

Answer 6

-cells are smaller than eukaryotic but can reproduce rapidlyat

Question 7

what does bacteria do to humans

Answer 7

can cause disease by damaging cells by releasing waste products and/or toxins that are toxic to the host

Question 8

what does bacteria do in plants

Answer 8

bacteria often live in the vascular tissues and cause blackening and death to the tissues

Question 9

what do viruses do

Answer 9

invade cells and take over the genetic machinery and other organelles of the cell. they then cause the cell to manufacture more copies of the virus. Host cell bursts releasing many viruses

Question 10

where does fungi live on a body

Answer 10

in the skin

Question 11

what does fungi do in humans

Answer 11

sends out specialised reproductive hyphae which grows to the surface of the skin to release spores which causes redness and irritation

Question 12

what does fungi do in plants

Answer 12

hyphae releases extracellular enzymes to digest surrounding tissue whihc causes decay

Question 13

where does fungi live in plants

Answer 13

in vascular tissue

Question 14

what does fungi do to the leaves of plants

Answer 14

makes them mottled in colour, curl up and shrivel

Question 15

how do protocista cause harm to host

Answer 15

by entering host cells and feeding on the contents as they grow

Question 16

what is the pathogen life cycle

Answer 16

-transmission
-entering the hosts tissues
-reproducing
-leaving the hosts tissues

Question 17

types of direct transmission

Answer 17

direct contact
faecal-oral transmission
droplets
by spores

Question 18

examples of diseases transmitted by direct contact

Answer 18

HIV, bacterial meningitis, ringworm, athletes foot

Question 19

factors affecting direct contact transmission

Answer 19

hygiene
cleaning wounds

Question 20

examples of diseases of faecal-oral transmission

Answer 20

cholera and food poisoning

Question 21

how does faecal oral transmission happen

Answer 21

by consuming food/drink that is contaminated by pathogens

Question 22

factors affecting faecal oral transmission

Answer 22

use human sewage as fertiliser for crops
treat waste water
washing fresh food

Question 23

examples of diseases caused by droplet infection transmission

Answer 23

tuberculosis and influenza

Question 24

factors affecting transmission of droplet infection

Answer 24

cover your mouth when sneezing or coughing
dispose tissues

Question 25

examples of diseases caused by transmission by spores

Answer 25

anthrax and tetanus

Question 26

how does transmission by spores happen

Answer 26

carried in an air or reside on surfaces or in soil

Question 27

factors affecting transmission by spores

Answer 27

use a mask washing skin after contact with soil

Question 28

social factors affecting transmission

Answer 28

overcrowding poor ventilation poor health poor diet homelessness living or working with people who have migrated from areas where a disease is more common

Question 29

how are pathogens transmitted indirectly

Answer 29

by a vector

Question 30

what is a vector

Answer 30

an organism that carries a pathogen from one host to another

Question 31

example of a vector in malaria

Answer 31

plasmodium parasite that causes malaria enters the human body via the vite from a female anopheles mosquito

Question 32

transmission of malaria cycle

Answer 32

-a person with malaria has gametes of plasmodium in blood -female anopheles mosquito sucks blood -plasmodium develops and migrates to a mosquitos salivary gland -an uninflected person is bitten -plasmodium migrated to liver -plasmodium migrated to blood

Question 33

how are pathogens directly transmitted to plants

Answer 33

-pathogens in soil infect plants by entering roots -fungi produce spores as a means of reproduction. spores are carried airborne