Carbohydrates

Question 0

Monosaccharides

Answer 0

Single sugar units made of usually six carbons. Examples are glucose, fructose and galactose

Question 1

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 1

• made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• sugars are simple carbohydrates and starch is a complex carbohydrates
• if it ends in ‘ose’ it is a sugar

Question 2

Disaccharides

Answer 2

• 2 single sugar units joined by a condensation reaction with a 1,4 glycosidic link
• lactose=glucose, galactose
• sucrose=glucose, fructose
• maltose= glucose, glucose

Question 3

Polysaccharides

Answer 3

• a polymer made up of simple sugar monomers joined by glycosidic links in long chains
• may have a helical structure
• starch and glycogen are polysaccharides
• 1,6 glycosidic links connect polysaccharides to make branched carbohydrates
• amylose only contains 1,4 glycosidic links but amylopectin contains 1,6 and 1,4

Question 4

Glucose

Answer 4

• sweet, soluble crystalline monosaccharide

* substrate for cell respiration in all living organisms that release energy

Question 5

Starch

Answer 5

• insoluble polysaccharide formed of amylopectin and amylose
• used for energy storage in within cells
• used in bread, pasta etc

Question 6

Maltose

Answer 6

• formed of two glucose molecules

* helps to germinate seeds

Question 7

Sucrose

Answer 7

• sweet, soluble, crystalline disaccharide formed of glucose and fructose
• sugar found in plants

Question 8

Glycogen

Answer 8

• polymers composed of glucose molecules with 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic links
• energy storage molecules in the liver