CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Question 1

Aside from RCOOH, Carboxylic Acid can also be represented as?

Answer 1

RCO₂H

Question 2

formula of carboxyl group

Answer 2

COOH

Question 3

Simplest carboxylic

Answer 3

Formic acid

Question 4

Diluted form of acetic acid

Answer 4

Vinegar

Question 5

4-6% acetic acid in water

Answer 5

Vinegar

Question 6

IUPAC name of caprocic acid

Answer 6

hexanoic acid

Question 7

IUPAC name of caprylic acid

Answer 7

octanoic acid

Question 8

IUPAC name of capric acid

Answer 8

decanoic acid

Question 9

IUPAC name of valeric acid

Answer 9

pentanoic acid

Question 10

Leather tanning

Answer 10

Formic acid

Question 11

Used to remove dust

Answer 11

Oxalic acid

Question 12

These inreases the acidic content of the solution so as to prevent MnO4 (purple) to reduced to MnO2 (dark brown).

Answer 12

Oxalic acid + Sulfuric acid

Question 13

A protein naturally found in some grains including wheat and barley.

Answer 13

Gluten

Question 14

Coeliac disease

Answer 14

Condition where your immune system attacks your own tissues.

Question 15

Eating gluten causes damage to the lining of _____?

Answer 15

Small intestine

Question 16

A molecule or molecular complex consisting of TWO identical molecules linked together.

Answer 16

Dimer

Question 17

They are (polar/nonpolar) and they form hydrogen bonds with themselves or with other molecules.

Answer 17

Polar

Question 18

They form dimer, with the individual units held together by two hydrogen bonds between the electron-rich oxygens and the electron-poor hydrogens.

Answer 18

Carboxylic acid

Question 19

Carboxylic acids have (high/low) boiling points for their molecular weights - higher even those of comparable alcohols.

Answer 19

High boiling points

Question 20

These are used to suppress signs and symptoms of inflammation including pain.

Answer 20

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Question 21

These are used to suppress signs and symptoms of inflammation including pain.

Answer 21

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Question 22

All are weak organic acids except _________.

Answer 22

Nabumetone

Question 23

Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Mefenamic Acid, Tolmetin, Nabumetone

Answer 23

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Question 24

Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Mefenamic Acid, Tolmetin, Nabumetone inhibits?

Answer 24

COX (cyclooxygenase)

Question 25

(NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and indomethacin work by inhibiting an enzyme that produces _______?

Answer 25

Prostaglandins

Question 26

3 compounds of COX

Answer 26

Prostaglandin Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Question 27

5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

Answer 27

Rubor (redness) Tumor (swelling) Calor (heat) Dolor (pain) Functio laesa (loss of function)

Question 28

Formation of fibrous tissue-wound healing.

Answer 28

fibroplasia

Question 29

A change of cells to form that does not normally occur in the tissue in which it is found.

Answer 29

metaplasia

Question 30

The main mechanism of action of NSAIDs is the inhibition of the enzyme _________?

Answer 30

cyclooxygenase (COX)

Question 31

Cyclooxygenase is required to convert ______________ into thromboxanes, prostaglandins, and prostacyclins. The therapeutic effects of NSAIDs are attributed to the lack of these eicosanoids.

Answer 31

arachidonic acid

Question 32

Inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of blood clots.

Answer 32

Aspirin

Question 33

Primary established effect of aspirin on hemostasis is to impair platelet aggregation via inhibition of platelet thromboxane A2 synthesis, thus reducing thrombus formation on the surface of the damaged arterial wall.

Answer 33

Antithrombotic

Question 34

This is used to relieve pain, swelling (inflammation), and joint stiffness caused by arthritis (joint inflammation).

Answer 34

Diclofenac

Question 35

This is used to relieve pain from various conditions such as headache, dental pain, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, or arthritis.

Answer 35

Ibuprofen

Question 36

This is used to treat mild to moderate pain and dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps).

Answer 36

Mefenamic acid

Question 37

This is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) that is available by prescription only and used for therapy of chronic arthritis.

Answer 37

Tolmetin

Question 38

This is used to reduce pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. 4-(6-methoxy-2-napthyl)-2-butanone

Answer 38

Nabumetone

Question 39

Valproic acid is used to treat what certain type of seizures (epilepsy)?

Answer 39

Petit mal seizure

Question 40

This medicine is an anticonvulsant that works in the brain tissue to stop seizures. - absence/ petit mal seizure

Answer 40

Valproic acid

Question 41

EDTA meaning

Answer 41

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Question 42

This white, water-soluble solid is widely used to bind to iron and calcium ions.

Answer 42

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

Question 43

Chelation therapy using EDTA is the medically-accepted treatment for _____ poisoning.

Answer 43

lead

Question 44

Injected intravenously and once in the bloodstream, EDTA traps lead and other metals, forming a compound that the body can eliminate in the ______.

Answer 44

Urine

Question 45

Acid Halides formula

Answer 45

RCOX

Question 46

Acyl chlorides formula

Answer 46

RCOCl

Question 47

More common and less expensive than bromides or iodides.

Answer 47

Acyl chlorides

Question 48

More common and less expensive than bromides or iodides.

Answer 48

Acyl chlorides

Question 49

Chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with H2O.

Answer 49

Hydrolysis

Question 50

IUPAC recognizes eight exceptions for which a -yl rather than an -oyl ending is used:

Answer 50

formic (formyl), acetic (acetyl), propionic (propionyl), butyric (butyryl), oxalic (oxalyl), malonic (malonyl), succinic (succinyl), and glutaric (glutaryl)

Question 51

Compounds in which the hydroxyl part of the carboxyl group is replaced by various other groups. All acid derivatives can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acid.

Answer 51

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Question 52

Primary amide has how many carbon and hydrogen?

Answer 52

1 Carbon, 2 Hydrogen

Question 53

Secondary amide has how many carbon and hydrogen?

Answer 53

2 Carbon, 1 Hydrogen

Question 54

Tertiary amide has how many carbon and hydrogen?

Answer 54

3 Carbon, No Hydrogen

Question 55

What is the most reactive derivative?

Answer 55

Acyl halide

Question 56

What is the least reactive derivative?

Answer 56

Amide

Question 57

Esters are derived from acids by replacing the OH group by an -OR group and have the general formula _______.

Answer 57

RCOOR

Question 58

1 carbon attached to 3 carbons

Answer 58

Tertiary (tert)

Question 59

1 carbon attached to other 2 carbons

Answer 59

Secondary (sec)

Question 60

Ester hydrolysis in basic solution is called?

Answer 60

Saponification

Question 61

Saponification, after the Latin word ______, meaning “soap.”

Answer 61

sapo

Question 62

Soap is in fact made by boiling _______ with aqueous base to hydrolyze the ester linkages.

Answer 62

animal fat

Question 63

__________ Esters react with ammonia and amines to yield amides. The reaction is not often used, however, because it’s usually easier to prepare an amide by starting with an acid chloride

Answer 63

Aminolysis

Question 64

What is the most commonly used laboratory method for preparing amides?

Answer 64

Reaction of acid chlorides with amines