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PORG > ISOMERS > Flashcards

ISOMERS Flashcards

1
Q

Compounds having the same molecular formula and same molecular weight but different structural formula, thus differ in physical and chemical properties.

A

Isomers

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2
Q

Isomer compounds have the same what?

A

Molecular formula and molecular weight

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3
Q

Isomer compounds differ in what?

A

Physical and Chemical properties

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4
Q

Isomers have different what?

A

Structural formula

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5
Q

Molecular Formula is also known as?

A

Chemical Formula

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6
Q

It gives the proportions of atoms which is present in the molecule or compound.

A

Molecular Formula (Chemical Formula)

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7
Q

It shows different graphic representation of the molecule and compound.

A

Structural Formula

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8
Q

Structural Formula types

A

Expanded, Condensed, Skeletal

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9
Q

2 Dimensional

A

Structural

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10
Q

3 Dimensional

A

Stereo

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11
Q

Subtypes of Structural

A

Chain
Positional
Functional Metamerism
Tautomerism
Ring-chain

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12
Q

Subtypes of Stereo

A

Geometric
Optical

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13
Q

AKA Constitutional Isomers

A

Structural Isomerism

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14
Q

Compounds which have the same molecular formula but differ in their structure.

A

Structural Isomers

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15
Q

Simplest Hydrocarbons

A

CH4 (Methane)
CH3CH3 (Ethane)
CH3CH2CH3 (Propane)

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16
Q

Which hydrocarbons doesn’t have constitutional isomers?

A

Simplest hydrocarbons

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17
Q

This hydrocarbon has constitutional isomers.

A

C4H10 (Butane)

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18
Q

CH4

A

Methane

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19
Q

CH3CH3

A

Ethane

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20
Q

CH3CH2CH3

A

Propane

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21
Q

C4H10

A

Butane

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22
Q

meaning of ( n ) in n-butane

A

normal and straight chain

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23
Q

prefix “iso” is used when?

A

the structure is branched

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24
Q

iso meaning

A

isomer

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25
Q

isomer is used usually on

A

2-methylalkanes

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26
Q

This isomers differ in the chain of the carbon atoms.

A

Chain Isomers

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27
Q

other name of isobutane

A

2-methylpropane

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28
Q

prefix “neo” is used when

A

second to the last carbon is tri-substituted

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29
Q

IUPAC name of neopentane

A

2,2-dimethylpropane

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30
Q

These isomers differ in the type of functional group.

A

Functional Isomers

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31
Q

Has the same molecular formula but differs in functional group.

A

Functional Isomers

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32
Q

These isomers differ in the attachment of the functional group to the chain at different positions.

A

Positional Isomers

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33
Q

This type of isomerism arises due to the presence of different alkyl chains on each side of the functional group.

A

Metamers

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34
Q

It is a rare type of isomerism and is generally limited to molecules that contain a divalent atom (such as sulfur or oxygen), surrounded by alkyl groups.

A

Metamers

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35
Q

Divalent atoms

A

Sulfur / Oxygen

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36
Q

Metamers examples

A

Ethers
Thioethers
Ketone

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37
Q

Isomer of the compound which only differs in the position of protons and electrons.

A

Tautomers

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38
Q

It occurs via an intramolecular proton transfer.

A

Tautomers

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39
Q

Tautomers important example is

A

Keto-enol tautomerism

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40
Q

⇌

A

reversible

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41
Q

Has carbonyl carbon.

A

Keto form

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42
Q

Has presence of double bond and hydroxyl group.

A

Enol form

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43
Q

Keto form is _____ stable?

A

More stable 99.9%

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44
Q

Enol form is ____ stable

A

less stable 0.001%

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45
Q

Tautomerism examples

A

Ketone-enol
Enamine-Imine
Lactam-Lactim

46
Q

One of the isomers has an open-chain structure whereas the other has a ring structure.

A

Ring-chain Isomers

47
Q

A great example of ring-chain isomers can be observed in?

A

C3H6 (Propene)

48
Q

Isomers that have the same composition (that is, the same parts) but that differ in the orientation of those parts in space.

A

Stereoisomers

49
Q

Isomers that differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms rather than order of atomic connectivity.

A

Stereoisomerism

50
Q

Geometrical Isomers is popularly known as?

A

cis-trans isomerism

51
Q

These isomers have different spatial arrangement of atoms in three dimensional space.

A

Geometrical Isomers

52
Q

This isomer is the one having identical groups on same side of double bond.

A

cis-isomer

53
Q

This isomer has identical groups on opposite side.

A

trans-isomer

54
Q

Does not permit rotation.

A

π bond in alkenes

55
Q
  • double bond
  • has 2 diff groups
A

Geometrical Isomers (cis-trans)

56
Q

Cis meaning in Latin

A

this side of

57
Q

Trans meaning in Latin

A

the other side of

58
Q

“Cis” equivalent in German

A

Zusammen

59
Q

“Trans” equivalent in German

A

Entgegen

60
Q

Trans-fat has high MP so it does not melt easily.

A
61
Q

Narrowing of blood vessels

A

Vasoconstriction

62
Q

trans-fat can be found in

A

fast food meals

63
Q

Geometric Isomers can be identified by using

A

cis-trans nomenclature

64
Q

E-Z Notational System substituent rule

A

CAHN-INGOLD-PRELOG (CIP sequence rule)

65
Q

In E-Z Notational System, higher is the priority if it has

A

larger MW

66
Q

In E-Z Notational System, lower is the priority if it has

A

small MW

67
Q

Isotope of Hydrogen

A

deuterium > protium

(tritium is not usually used)

68
Q

Highest atomic number

A

Iodine

69
Q

Lowest atomic number

A

Hdyrogen

70
Q

These are compounds having at least one carbon atom joined to four different atoms or groups.

A

Optical Isomers

71
Q

Such carbon atom with four different atoms or groups is called?

A

Asymmetric / Chiral Carbon Atom

72
Q

Those carbons that do not have four different groups are called?

A

Achiral

73
Q

Other names for chiral carbon

A

Stereocenter
Stereogenic center

74
Q
  • absolute configuration
  • how atoms attached around a chiral center
A

S - R enantiomer

75
Q

S meaning in S-R (Latin)

A

Sinister (Counterclockwise/Left)

76
Q

R meaning in S-R (Latin)

A

Rectus (Clockwise/Right)

77
Q

2nd to the last carbon is called

A

Penultimate Carbon

78
Q

How it rotates a plane of polarized light.

A

D - L Configuration

79
Q

D meaning in D-L

A

Dextro

80
Q

L meaning in D-L

A

Levo

81
Q

Ability of the object to be placed to another object without visibility restriction.

A

Superimposable (Specific) / Superposable (General)

82
Q

Mirror image and non superimposable.

A

Enantiomer

83
Q

non-mirror and non-superimposable

A

Diastereomers

84
Q

Diastereomers example

A

D-glucose
D-galactose

85
Q

If the hydroxyl group is on the right side

A

Dextro

86
Q

If the hydroxyl group is on the left side

A

Levo

87
Q

Have identical physical properties except optical activity.

A

Optical Isomers

88
Q

They rotate the plane of polarized light in opposite directions.

A

Optical Isomers

89
Q

In optical isomers, the ___________ is defined as the light that vibrates in one plane only.

A

plane polarized light

90
Q

The rotation of the plane of polarized light is called _______?

A

optical activity

91
Q

50% dextro & 50% levo

A

racemic mixture

92
Q

Compounds that rotate the plane of plane polarized light to the right (clockwise) are said to be?

A

Dextrorotatory

93
Q

Compounds that rotate the plane to the left (counterclockwise) are called?

A

Levorotatory

94
Q

Approximately ____ of marketed drugs are chiral.

A

50%

95
Q

The two enantiomers of a chiral drug may different significantly. It may have ______ differences or _______ differences

A

Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics

96
Q

What the body does to the drug.

A

Pharmacokinetics

97
Q

What a drug does to the body.

A

Pharmacodynamics

98
Q

Pharmacokinetics ADME meaning

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

99
Q

Warfarin uses

A

anticoagulant (blood thinners)

increase clotting time

100
Q

increase +½
less distributed
less potent

A

R Warfarin

101
Q

decrease +½
more distributed
more potent

A

S Warfarin

102
Q

Qunatity of drug necessary to give effect.

A

Potency

103
Q

pharmacologically active

A

S ibuprofen

104
Q

no anti-inflammatory

A

R ibuprofen

105
Q

Ibuprofen uses

A

NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

106
Q

NSAID OTC mg

A

100mg, 200mg

107
Q

NSAID Rx mg

A

400,600, 800

108
Q

Teratogenic

A

Thalidomide

109
Q

sedative
for morning sickness

A

R thalidomide

110
Q

Shortened limbs of babies.

A

Phocomelia

PORG (16 decks)

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