AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS Flashcards
(50 cards)
Benzene is usually used as?
industrial solvent
Benzene chemical formula
C6H6
Benzene was first isolated in ____ by English chemist _______ from the oily residues after heating while oil under pressure to produce a gas used to illuminate buildings in London.
Michael Faraday, 1825
Benzene, aside from being an industrial solvent, is also used as?
gasoline additive
C6H5CO2H
benzoic acid
A compound obtained by chemical degradation of gum benzoin, the fragrant balsam exuded by a tree that grows on the island of Java, Indonesia.
Benzoic acid (C6H5COE2H)
The fragrant balsam exuded by a tree that grows on the island of Java, Indonesia.
Gum benzoin
Thus benzene, toluene, and related hydrocarbons, while not particularly pleasant- smelling themselves, were classified as aromatic because they were obtained from _______ substances.
fragrant
benzoic acid is fungiSTATIC (as preservative)
inhibits growth of fungi
This Austrian chemist, recognized in ______ that most aromatic substances have formulas that can be derived from benzene by replacing one or more hydrogens by other atoms or groups.
Joseph Loschmidt, 1861
Replacing one of the hydrogens with a different functional group.
Benzene Derivatives
The parent hydrocarbon of the especially stable compounds known as aromatic compounds.
Benzene
The term _______ thus came to mean any compound structurally derived from benzene.
aromatic
These aromatic compounds are hydrocarbons that contain a ____________ as a structural unit.
benzene ring
In addition to benzene, other examples include _____ and ________.
toluene and naphthalene
Breaks and releases benzene from benzoic acid.
Calcium Oxide (CaO)
All arenes are either ________ at room temperature; none are gases.
liquids or solids
Aromatic hydrocarbons are ______ in water.
insoluble
Benzene was once widely used as a solvent, but evidence of its __________ properties prompted its replacement by less hazardous solvents.
carcinogenic
These have the potential to cause cancer.
Carcinogenic
The most common reactions of aromatic compounds involve substitution of other atoms or groups for a ring hydrogen on the aromatic unit.
electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction
The most common reactions of aromatic compounds involve ________ of other atoms or groups for a ring hydrogen on the aromatic unit, or more precisely called an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
substitution
Ideal temperature to takes place reaction in electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
0 - 50°C
The bromination or chlorination of benzene requires a Lewis acid such as ?
ferric bromide or ferric chloride
(ferric chloride is most used)
