Cardiac/ Antihypertensives

Question 1

Angina

Answer 1

caused by ischemia–> caused by Athersclerousis

Question 2

Symptoms of MI

Answer 2

elbow pain, nausea, pressure in the chest,

Question 3

MI

Answer 3

Death of Myocardial tissue

Question 4

3 Types of Angina

Answer 4

1. Chronic stable angina- exersize induced
2. Unstable angina- Happens while resting
3. Vasospastic- Chest pain when under stressed

Question 5

Heart Failure

Answer 5

prevent after MI

Question 6

Nitrates

Answer 6

Dilates the coronary artery, and the periphery–> resulting in decrease work load on the heart muscle.

Question 7

Nitrate Forms

Answer 7

1. trans dermal patches- remember to remove old patch, make sure since is intact to prevent increased absorption. Place on upper chest.
2. Sub lingual- causes headaches, 1 every 5 minutes up to 3 times for treatment of angina, causes burning and stinging under the tongue, make sure the patient lets it completely dissolve, assess for therapeutic effect. store in a dark place and good for 3 months after opened.

Question 8

Coronary Artery disease

Question 9

Nursing role with

Answer 9

**

Question 10

Beta Blockers

Answer 10

• Decrease the heart rate
• Effect the myocardial contractility
• Used after an MI to reduce sudden death arrhythmia

Question 11

Beta Blocker Indications

Answer 11

• Angina
• Antihypertensive
• Protect heart after MI

Question 12

Beta Blocker Adverse effects

Answer 12

Bradycardia- do not give if HR is below 60 and contact provider.
Hypotension- 90/60 too low
AV Block- Monitor EKG, Heart sounds or irregular HR
Hyper/Hypo-glycemia- DM patients are at high risk (Monitor CBG)
Impotence- biggest cause of non-compliance
Depression-

Question 13

Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)

Answer 13

Increases O2 through coronary artery vasodilation, and help in the periphery. As a result supply will equal demand

Question 14

CCB Indications

Answer 14

• Angina
• Hypertension
• Supraventricular tachycardia when HR goes above 120
• Coronary artery Spasms
• Short term help with A-fib

Question 15

A-Fib

Answer 15

The heart is not contracting properly

Question 16

CCB Adverse effects

Answer 16

• Hypotension, dizzyness
• Palpatations- from the increase in HR
• Bracycardia-
• Constipation and Nausea

Question 17

Heart Failure-Right

Answer 17

Right sided is secondary to left failure right sided major causes of Right sided heart failure is COPD and Right heart infarctions.

Question 18

Heart Failure- definition

Answer 18

The heart is unable to pump blood to meet the bodies needs.

Question 19

Heart failure causes

Answer 19

MI
Valve deficiency
CAD
Pulmonary Hypotention
DM
Hypertention

Question 20

Therapy for heart failure

Answer 20

-Positive of inotropic effect- showing signs of mypcardial contractions
- Positive chronotropic effect- Increase heart rate
Negative chronoptropic effect
Positive Dromotropic- increases rate of cardiac conduction
Negative dromotropic effect slows the conduction

Question 21

ACE inhibitors

Answer 21

Prevents sodium and H2O absorption, potassium is reabsorbed.

Question 22

Antiotensin 2 receptor blockers

Answer 22

block angiotensin 2 and cause vasodilation- used short term

Question 23

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor (Milrinone)

Answer 23

primarily used in ED
Positive inotropic effect
increased stroke volume
decreased preload

Question 24

Inotropic

Answer 24

Muscle contractions

Question 25

Chronotropic

Answer 25

Affecting the rate of rhythmic movements, such as the heartbeat.

Question 26

Dromotropic

Answer 26

Relating to or influencing the conductivity of nerve fibers or cardiac muscle fibers.

Question 27

Digoxin

Answer 27

+inotropic, -chronotropic, -dromotropic