cardio

Question 1

slow rising murmur

Answer 1

aortic stenosis

Question 2

hypertension + systolic murmur

Answer 2

coarctation of aorta

Question 3

right vs left sided murmurs

Answer 3

right - louder on inspiration
left - louder on expiration

Question 4

hypertension treatment in type 2 diabetics

Answer 4

ACEi or ARBs

Question 5

crecsendo decrescendo systolic murmur

Answer 5

pulmonary stenosis

Question 6

split 2nd heart sound

Answer 6

atrial septal defect

Question 7

treatment of heart block

Answer 7

1st degree and mobitz 1 - atropine
mobitz 2 and 3rd degree - pacemaker

Question 8

AV node reentry tachy ECG

Answer 8

no p waves/ inverted p waves

like AF but regular

Question 9

digoxin + amiodarone =

Answer 9

digoxin toxicity = cardiac aarrest

Question 10

treatment of torsades de pointes

Answer 10

IV magnesium sulphate

Question 11

treatment of wolff parkinson white

Answer 11

flecainide
ablation of accessory pathway

Question 12

heart failure treatment - prognostic

Answer 12

1. ACE + beta blocker
2. spironolactone or SGLT-2 i
3. specialist
   ivabradine, digoxin

Question 13

treatment of HF oedema

Answer 13

loop diuretics (furosemide)

Question 14

“sparkling” myocardium

Answer 14

amyloidosis

Question 15

treatment of broad vs narrow tachy

Answer 15

broad - amiodarone
narrow - adenosine

Question 16

ST elevation after an MI

Answer 16

left venticular aneurysm

Question 17

treatment of PE + hypotension

Answer 17

thrombolyse

Question 18

bisferiens pulse

Answer 18

mixed aortic disease

Question 19

causes of 3rd heart sound

Answer 19

normal
LV failure
constrictive pericarditis
mitral regurg

Question 20

causes of 4th heart sound

Answer 20

aortic stenosis
HOCM
hypertension

Question 21

which heart condition can cause neurological changes?

Answer 21

aortic dissection

Question 22

JVP in cardiac tamponade

Answer 22

stays up (no Y decreases)

TAMpaX

Question 23

causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 23

inherited/ idiopathic

alcohol
sarcoidosis
pregnancy

Question 24

pericarditis vs myocarditis ECG

Answer 24

peri - widespread changes

myo - only some leads

Question 25

S3 vs S4 causes

Answer 25

S3 - cant breathe (HF) S4 - on the floor (HOCM)

Question 26

which anti-anginal do patients develop resistance to

Answer 26

standard release isosorbide mononitrate

Question 27

what might interact with statins

Answer 27

erythromycin / clarithromycin

Question 28

coarctation of aorta symptoms

Answer 28

hypertension systolic murmur radio-femoral delay notching (in adults)

Question 29

treatment of MI secondary to coke

Answer 29

benzo

Question 30

hyperkaleamia ECG

Answer 30

tall tented T waves sinosoidal wave

Question 31

ACE inhibitor side effects

Answer 31

angioedema hyperkalaemia dry cough

Question 32

pregnancy + statins or ACEi

Answer 32

nope

Question 33

side effect of statins

Answer 33

liver problems myopathy

Question 34

MI + bradycardia

Answer 34

right coronary artery occlusion

Question 35

LBBB causes

Answer 35

never normal! ALWAYS BAD MI hypertension aortic stenosis cardiomyopathy

Question 36

RBBB causes

Answer 36

might be normal MI PE cor pulmonae

Question 37

Dresslers syndrome

Answer 37

pericarditis 2-4 weeks after an MI treat with NSAIDs

Question 38

stroke ish symptoms after an MI

Answer 38

left ventricualr anyeursm

Question 39

cadiac tamponade after an MI

Answer 39

left ventricular wall rupture

Question 40

mechanism of GTN spray

Answer 40

activation of cGMP

Question 41

brugada treatment

Answer 41

ICD

Question 42

DVLA MI & treatment

Answer 42

MI - 4 weeks PCI - 1 week CABG - 4 weeks pacemaker - 1 week

Question 43

acute AF treatment

Answer 43

unstable - cardioversion stable: <48hrs - DC (or feicanide) >48hrs - beta blockers

Question 44

long term AF management

Answer 44

rate - beta or calcium or digoxin rhythm - 3 weeks anticoagulation - DC - 4 weeks anticoagulation

Question 45

2 p waves for 1 QRS

Answer 45

atrial flutter

Question 46

apical to radial pulse deficit

Answer 46

atrial fibrillation

Question 47

cause of mitral stenosis

Answer 47

rheumatic fever

Question 48

contraindication in ventricular tachycardia

Answer 48

verapamil

Question 49

treatment of beta blocker overdosea

Answer 49

atropine then glucagon

Question 50

when should you take statins

Answer 50

at night

Question 51

tall R waves

Answer 51

MI in opposite territory

Question 52

treatment of rheumatic fever

Answer 52

pen V NSAIDs

Question 53

contraindication in HOCM

Answer 53

ACE i

Question 54

pain killer contraindicated in cardiovascular disease

Answer 54

diclofenac

Question 55

aortic valve replacement rules

Answer 55

symptomatic - replace asymptomatic: gradient >40 = replace

Question 56

murmur + head bob

Answer 56

aortic regurgitation

Question 57

monitoring on statins

Answer 57

LFTs

Question 58

medication that can cause gingivitis

Answer 58

Ca blockers

Question 59

murmur louder with valsalvar

Answer 59

HOCM

Question 60

left vs right sternal edge murmur

Answer 60

left - HOCM right - aortic stenosid

Question 61

fever + murmur

Answer 61

endocarditis

Question 62

consequence of long QT

Answer 62

VT

Question 63

treatment of infective endocarditis

Answer 63

antibiotics, staph - fluclox, strep - benpen + heart failure - valve replacement

Question 64

endocarditis cause

Answer 64

IVDU - stap aureus (most common) teeth - strep viridans colorectal cancer - strep bovis

Question 65

ejection systolic murmur

Answer 65

louder on expiration - aortic stenosis louder on inspiration - pulmonary stenosis

Question 66

pan/holo systolic murmur

Answer 66

mitral regurg louder on inspiration - tricuspic regurg

Question 67

HOCM murmur

Answer 67

ejection systolic murmur, louder on valsalva, quieter on squatting

Question 68

drugs used in pharmacological cardioversion

Answer 68

amiodarone no structural damage = flecainide