renal

Question 1

treatment of overactive bladder - urge incontinence

Answer 1

muscarinic antagonist - oxybutynin

Question 2

3 definitions of AKI

Answer 2

increase serum creatine >26.4
increase creatine by 50%
decreased urine output <0.5ml/kg/hr >6hrs

Question 3

drug used to treat ADPKD

Answer 3

tolvaptan

Question 4

glomerular cresents on biopsy

Answer 4

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Question 5

mahogany brown kidney tumour

Answer 5

oncocytoma (benign)

Question 6

treatment of renal stones

Answer 6

<5mm leave it
5-20mm - shockwave
>20mm - percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Question 7

treatment of uteric stones

Answer 7

> 10mm - shockwave (+/- alpha blockers)

Question 8

types of renal stones

Answer 8

calcium oxalate (most common)
staghorn - struvite

Question 9

“ground glass” stone

Answer 9

cystine

Question 10

treatment of testicular torsion

Answer 10

fixation of both testis

Question 11

when to measure PSA

Answer 11

2 days after ejaculation
6 weeks after prostitis/ UTI

Question 12

what type of cancer is prostate cancer

Answer 12

adenocarcinoma

Question 13

what type of cancer is testicular cancer

Answer 13

germ cell (seminoma or teratoma)

Question 14

nephrotic drugs

Answer 14

DAAMN

diuretics
aminoglycides
ACEi/ ARBs
metformin
nsaids

Question 15

which bacteria causes prostatitis

Answer 15

E coli

Question 16

ABG in vomiting vs diarrhoea

Answer 16

vomiting - metabolic alkalosis
diarrhoea - metabolic acidosis

Question 17

dehydration vs acute tubular necrosis

Answer 17

dehydration - urea > creatinine
ATN urea = creatinine

Question 18

flank mass in a kid

Answer 18

wilms tumour

Question 19

phimosis

Answer 19

foreskin doesn’t retract - only treat 2 years+

Question 20

priapism

Answer 20

erection >4 hours

Question 21

tumour markers in testicular cancer

Answer 21

germ (seminoma) hCG
germ (not) AFP

Question 22

investigation into post strep glomerulonephritis

Answer 22

increased anti-streptolysin
O titre

Question 23

UTI prophylaxis

Answer 23

nitrofurantoin after sex

Question 24

HIV patient + nephrotic syndrome

Answer 24

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 25

nephrotic syndrome + IgM deposits

Answer 25

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 26

nephrotic syndrome + spikes & domes in electron thingy

Answer 26

membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 27

nephrotic syndrome + cancer history

Answer 27

membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 28

nephritic syndrome + humps on electron thingy

Answer 28

post strep glomerulonephritis

Question 29

nephritic syndrome + crescents on light thingy

Answer 29

goodpastures (anti GBM)

Question 30

symptoms of acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 30

increased white cells in urine eosinophilia rash

Question 31

complications of nephrotic syndrome and why

Answer 31

DVT or renal vein thrombosis due to decreased antithrombin iii

Question 32

CKD vs AKI

Answer 32

CKD - small of US, low calcium AKI - opposite

Question 33

drug contraindicated in renal artery stenosis

Answer 33

ACE inhibitors

Question 34

recurrence rate of minimal change

Answer 34

about 2/3

Question 35

diabetic kidney size

Answer 35

bilateraly enlarged

Question 36

ADPKD vs ARPKD chromosome

Answer 36

ADPKD - 18, 4 ARPKD - 6

Question 37

treatment of protienuria in CKD

Answer 37

ACEi or SGLT2

Question 38

treatment of anemia in CKD

Answer 38

correct vit D EPO (normo normo)

Question 39

treatment of AKPKD

Answer 39

tolvaptan

Question 40

urine turns deep red on standing

Answer 40

acute intermittent porphyria

Question 41

2 most common types of renal cancer

Answer 41

renal cell (usually clear cell) - adenocarcinoma transitional cell (like the bladder one) - carcinoma

Question 42

yellow renal cancer

Answer 42

renal cell

Question 43

risk of schisto

Answer 43

squamous bladder cancer

Question 44

drop in renal fuction after starting ACE i

Answer 44

bilateral renal rtery stenois s

Question 45

acute retention in a normal healthy person

Answer 45

UTI?

Question 46

testicular cacner - normal markers

Answer 46

seminoma (most common)

Question 47

complicated UTI or pyelonephritis treatment

Answer 47

GP: co-amox or co-trim hospital - amox + gent (IV 3 days)

Question 48

tram track basement membrane + nephritic syndrome

Answer 48

membranoproliferative glomerulonerphritis