GI

Question 1

ascites SAAG >11g

Answer 1

liver problem

Question 2

triple therapy for H pyloris

Answer 2

PPT + amox + metronidazole/ clarithromycin

Question 3

signet rings

Answer 3

gastric cancer

Question 4

histology of coeliac disease

Answer 4

villous atrophy
crypt hyperplasia

Question 4

raised faecal calprotectin

Answer 4

IBD

Question 4

rosvigs sign

Answer 4

appendicitis
pressing on left causes pain on right

Question 5

antimitochondrial antibodies

Answer 5

primary biliary cholangitis

Question 6

GI symptoms + erythema nodosum

Answer 6

UC or crohns

Question 7

treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 7

lactulose (gets rid of ammonia)

Question 8

c diff treatment

Answer 8

1st - oral vancomycin
2nd - fidaxomicin
recurrent - feacal transplant

Question 9

chronic alcoholism FBC

Answer 9

raised MCV

Question 10

measure of severity of pancreatitis

Answer 10

calcium (lower = worse)

Question 11

anti smooth muscle antibodies

Answer 11

autoimmune hepatitis

Question 12

acid schiff macrophages on jejunal biopsy

Answer 12

whipples disease

Question 13

what prevents recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 13

rifaximin

Question 14

bacteria that causes spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Answer 14

E coli
kleb

Question 15

treatment of anal fissures

Answer 15

<1 week = soften stool - bulk forming laxative & high fibre
chronic = topical GTN

Question 16

how long do PPIs have to be stopped before endoscopy

Answer 16

2 weeks

Question 17

most common cause of large vs small bowel obstruction

Answer 17

large - cancer
small - adhesions

Question 18

nail change in coeliac

Answer 18

koilonychia (spoon nails)

Question 19

deifciency in coeliac

Answer 19

B12
iron
folate

Question 20

association with crohns

Answer 20

gallstones

Question 21

cause of hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 21

increased ammonia and glutaminine

Question 22

treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 22

laculose
prophylaxis - rifaxmin

Question 23

increased lactate and abdo pain

Answer 23

mesenteric ischeamia

Question 24

most common site of crohns

Answer 24

ileum

Question 25

antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 25

anti nuclear smooth muscle

Question 26

bacteria that causes bacterial peritonitis

Answer 26

E coli

Question 27

low ceruloplasmin

Answer 27

Wilsons

Question 28

liver problem women on the pill may have

Answer 28

acute liver failure

Question 29

antibodies in PBC

Answer 29

anti mictochondrial

Question 30

investigation into hepatocellular cancer

Answer 30

alpha-fetaprotein

Question 31

Hep A

Answer 31

holiday

Question 32

upper vs lower GI bleed

Answer 32

upper - high urea

Question 33

TIPS

Answer 33

connects hepatic vein to portal vein treats portal hyeprtension

Question 34

GORD & esophageal cancers

Answer 34

GORD - adenocarcinoma no (smoking) - squamous

Question 35

increased ALP but everything else normal

Answer 35

bone cancer or mets

Question 36

treatment of campylobacter vs salmonella

Answer 36

campylobacter - clarithromycin salmonella - cipro

Question 37

treatment of metastatic liver cancer

Answer 37

sorafenib

Question 38

hernia in scrotum

Answer 38

inginal

Question 39

investigation into bowel perforation

Answer 39

erect CXR

Question 40

how to calculate anion gap

Answer 40

(Na + K) - (bicarbonate + chloride)

Question 41

which bacterial causes central line infections

Answer 41

staph epidermis

Question 42

scromboid

Answer 42

histamine-y reaction to fish (+ diarrhoea)

Question 43

nutrition in short bowel

Answer 43

TPN

Question 44

pseudomembranous formation

Answer 44

plaques on colon in c. diff

Question 45

cytomegalovirus

Answer 45

mouth ulceration + fever POST TRANSPLANTATION

Question 46

reflux treatment steps

Answer 46

1 - antacids 2 - PPIs for a month 3 - H. pyloris testing

Question 47

carcinoid syndrome

Answer 47

mets to liver flushing and diarrhoea Ix - 5-HIAA Mx - octreotide

Question 48

mesenteric adenitits

Answer 48

inflamed mesenteric lymph nodes

Question 49

treatment of SBP

Answer 49

co-trimoxazole

Question 50

sepsis treatment / peritonitis treatment

Answer 50

amox + gent + metro

Question 51

potential outcome of diptheria

Answer 51

heart block

Question 52

area most commonly affected in ischeamic colitis

Answer 52

splenic flexure

Question 53

what is given before endoscopy

Answer 53

terilipressin + antibiotics

Question 54

gastroenteritis for a long time

Answer 54

probably giardia

Question 55

complication of acute pancreatitis

Answer 55

ARDS

Question 56

treatment of metastiatic hepatocelullar cancer

Answer 56

sorafenib

Question 57

what happens in achalasia

Answer 57

degenerative loss of ganglia from the myenteric plexus

Question 58

ileostomy vs colonoscopy

Answer 58

I - RIF, spouted, liquid C - left side, flushed, solid

Question 59

loop ileostomy vs end ileostomy

Answer 59

loop can be reversed easier

Question 60

when is an enima indicated?

Answer 60

when there is feaces in the rectum or sigmoid colon

Question 61

supportive feeding

Answer 61

temporary - NG tube permanent - PEG

Question 62

investigation into dysphagia

Answer 62

initial - endoscopy (probably alchalasia) most effective - barium swallow

Question 63

multiple gastrodueodenal ulcers

Answer 63

zollinger-ellison - excessive gastrin

Question 64

intestine cancer + procedure

Answer 64

ceacal, ascending, proximal transverse - left hemicoloectomy distal transvverse, descending - right hemicolectomy sigmoid - high anterior resection rectum - anterior resection anus - abdominao-peritoneal resection emergany - hartmanns

Question 65

diarrhoea after travel + long intubation period

Answer 65

amoebiasis

Question 66

post surgery distended abdomen and low BP relieved with NG tube

Answer 66

acute gastric dilatation

Question 67

investigation into heamorhoids

Answer 67

proctoscopy

Question 68

investigation into biliary colic

Answer 68

US

Question 69

LFTS in paracetamol overdose

Answer 69

ALT & AST in 10,000s

Question 70

IgM anti-HBc means

Answer 70

patient either has or once Caught it (not immunised)

Question 71

investigation into mesenteric adenitis

Answer 71

CT

Question 72

role of albumin in ascites treatment

Answer 72

prevents post-paracentesis circulatory dysfunction

Question 73

treatment of crohns vs UC

Answer 73

crohns - induce -> steroids maintain -> aza or mer UC - induce -> aminoglycides (+ steroids if severe) maintain -> amino (+ aza or mer if severe)