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Cardio Flashcards

(52 cards)

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0
Q

T-wave inversion
Increase PR
Decrease QT

A

Toxicity for digoxin

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1
Q

Blurry yellow vision

A

Toxicity for digoxin

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2
Q

essential HTN

A

ACD

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3
Q

CHF

A

ABD(K+ sparing)

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4
Q

DM

A

ABCD

alpha blocker

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5
Q

nifedipine

A

Work best in vascular, worst in heart
CCB, L-type calcium channels of cardiac and smooth muscle
decrease contractiliy
used in HTN, angina, arrhythmia(not this one), Prinz, raynaud
TOX: cardiac depression:AV block,
edema, flushing,constipation

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6
Q

verapamil

A

Work worst in vascular, best in heart(ve for ventricle)
CCB, L-type calcium channels of cardiac and smooth muscle
decrease contractiliy
used in HTN, angina, arrhythmia, Prinz, raynaud
TOX: cardiac depression:AV block,
edema, flushing,constipation

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7
Q

diltiazem

A

Work adverage in vascular, adverage in heart
CCB, L-type calcium channels of cardiac and smooth muscle
decrease contractiliy
used in HTN, angina, arrhythmia(not this one), Prinz, raynaud
TOX: cardiac depression:AV block,
edema, flushing,constipation

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8
Q

amlodipine

A

Work best in vascular, worst in heart
CCB, L-type calcium channels of cardiac and smooth muscle
decrease contractiliy
used in HTN, angina, arrhythmia(not this one), Prinz, raynaud
TOX: cardiac depression:AV block,
edema, flushing,constipation

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9
Q

hydralazine

A

increase cGMP–>smooth muscle relaxation, A>V
1st line for HTN in pregnancy with methyldopa
co administer with beta-blocker to prevent tachy
tox: compensatory tachy,
Lupus-like

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10
Q

nitroprusside

A

malignant HTN
short acting: increase cGMP via direct release of NO,
cause cyanide toxicity

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11
Q

fenoldopam

A

malignant HTN
D1 receptor agonist: coronary, periperal, renal, splanchic vasodilation
decrease BP and increase natriuresis

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12
Q

nicardipine

A

CCB

malignant HTN and angina

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13
Q

clevidipine

A

CCB

malignant HTN and angina

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14
Q

labetalol

A

beta+alpha blocker

malignant HTN

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15
Q

nitroglycerin

A

vasodilate by releasing NO in smooth muscle, causing increase in cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation
Dilate V>A, decrease preload
Use: angina, pulmonary edema
TOX: reflex tachy, hypotension, flushing, headache. “Monday disease”, diminished response over repeated use

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16
Q

isosorbide dinitrate

A

vasodilate by releasing NO in smooth muscle, causing increase in cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation
Dilate V>A, decrease preload
Use: angina, pulmonary edema
TOX: reflex tachy, hypotension, flushing, headache. “Monday disease”, diminished response over repeated use

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17
Q

lovastatin

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
decrease LDL, increase HDL, decrease TG
inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate a chol precursor
TOX: hepatotoxicity, increase LFTs,
rhabdomyolysis (increase risk with therapy of gemfibrozil and nicotinic acid)

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18
Q

provastatin

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
decrease LDL, increase HDL, decrease TG
inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate a chol precursor
TOX: hepatotoxicity, increase LFTs,
rhabdomyolysis (increase risk with therapy of gemfibrozil and nicotinic acid)

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19
Q

simvastatin

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
decrease LDL, increase HDL, decrease TG
inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate a chol precursor
TOX: hepatotoxicity, increase LFTs,
rhabdomyolysis (increase risk with therapy of gemfibrozil and nicotinic acid)

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20
Q

atorvastatin

Study These Flashcards
A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
decrease LDL, increase HDL, decrease TG
inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate a chol precursor
TOX: hepatotoxicity, increase LFTs,
rhabdomyolysis (increase risk with therapy of gemfibrozil and nicotinic acid)

21
Q

rosuvastatin

Study These Flashcards
A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
decrease LDL, increase HDL, decrease TG
inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate a chol precursor
TOX: hepatotoxicity, increase LFTs,
rhabdomyolysis (increase risk with therapy of gemfibrozil and nicotinic acid)

22
Q

Nacin

Vit B3

Study These Flashcards
A

decrease LDL, increase HDL, decrease TG
inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue; reduces hepatic VLDL secretion into circulation.
TOX: Red, flushed faces, decreased by aspirin or long term use
hyperglycemia (acanthosis nigrican)
hyperuricemia (exacerbates gout)–>尿糖

23
Q

cholestyramine

Study These Flashcards
A

bile acid resins
decrease LDL, slight increase in HDL, slight increase in TG
prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver must use chol to make more
patients hates it!!!!!!!!!!!!!! taste bad and GI discomfort
decrease absorption of fat-soluble vit. Chol Gall stone

24
colesevelam
bile acid resins decrease LDL, slight increase in HDL, slight increase in TG prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver must use chol to make more patients hates it!!!!!!!!!!!!!! taste bad and GI discomfort decrease absorption of fat-soluble vit. Chol Gall stone
25
colestipol
bile acid resins decrease LDL, slight increase in HDL, slight increase in TG prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver must use chol to make more patients hates it!!!!!!!!!!!!!! taste bad and GI discomfort decrease absorption of fat-soluble vit. Chol Gall stone
26
ezetimibe
``` Chol absorption blockers decrease LDL prevent chol reabsorption at small bowel brush boarder rare increase in LFTs diarrhea ```
27
gemfibrozil
fibrates decrease LDL, increase HDL, huge decrease TG up-regulate LPL-->increase TG clearance TOX: myositis, hepatotoxicity, Chol gall stone
28
Digoxin
inhibition of Na/K/ATPase, indirectly inhibit Na/Ca-->increase Ca use in: CHF, atrial fibrillation TOX: cholinergic-N/V, diarrhea, blurry yellow vision ECG: increase PR, decrease QT, ST scooping, T-wave inversion, AV block hyperkalemia (poor prognosis)
29
factor that predisposing digoxin toxic
renal failure: excretion hypokalemia: permissive for digoxin binding at K-binding site quinidine: decrease clearance decrease blood level: colestipol(decrease absorption), Glyburide (decrease blood level, DM), pheytoin (increase metabo, seizure) , sulfasalazine(decrease blood level, IBD)
30
antidote for digoxin
``` K regulation lisocaine cardiac pacer anti-digoxin Fab fragments Mg2+ ```
31
quinidine
Class IA, hyperK cause increase toxicity decrease slop of phase 0, increase AP, increase ERP, increase QT atrial and ventricular, reentry ectopic supraventricular and ventricular Cinchonism-headache, tinnitus, long QT, torsade, thrombocytopenia
32
procainamide
Class IA, hyperK cause increase toxicity decrease slop of phase 0, increase AP, increase ERP, increase QT atrial and ventricular, reentry ectopic supraventricular and ventricular TOX: SLE-like, long QT, torsade, thrombocytopenia
33
Disopyramide
Class IA, hyperK cause increase toxicity decrease slop of phase 0, increase AP, increase ERP, increase QT atrial and ventricular, reentry ectopic supraventricular and ventricular TOX: heartfailure, long QT, torsade, thrombocytopenia
34
Lidocaine
Class IB, hyperk increase toxicity! decrease slop of phase 0, decrease AP used in ischemic or depolarized purkinje and ventricular tissueuseful in acute ventricular arrhythmias(post-MI) and digitalis induced TOX: local anesthetic, CNS stimulation, depression, cardiovascular depression
35
Mexiletine
Class IB, hyperk increase toxicity! decrease slop of phase 0, decrease AP used in ischemic or depolarized purkinje and ventricular tissueuseful in acute ventricular arrhythmias(post-MI) and digitalis induced TOX: local anesthetic, CNS stimulation, depression, cardiovascular depression
36
Tocainide
Class IB, hyperk increase toxicity! decrease slop of phase 0, decrease AP used in ischemic or depolarized purkinje and ventricular tissueuseful in acute ventricular arrhythmias(post-MI) and digitalis induced TOX: local anesthetic, CNS stimulation, depression, cardiovascular depression
37
flecainide
Class IC decrease slop of phase 0, no effect on AP duration ventricular tachy--> to VF and in intractable SVT LAST RESORT! for pt without structural abnormalities TOX: proarrhythmic, especially post-MI (CI) significant prolong refractory in AV
38
propafenone
Class IC decrease slop of phase 0, no effect on AP duration ventricular tachy--> to VF and in intractable SVT LAST RESORT! for pt without structural abnormalities TOX: proarrhythmic, especially post-MI (CI) significant prolong refractory in AV
39
Metoprolol
Beta blocker: Decrease SA and AV nodal activity by decrease cAMP, decrease Ca currents, AV particularly sensitive-increase PR suppress abnormal pace makers by decrease slope of phase 4 Used in Vent tachy, SVT, A Fibrillation and flutter TOX: impotence exacerbation of asthma, cardiovascular effects (brady, av block, CHF), CNS effects(sedation), mask hypoglycemia, "DYSLIPIDEMIA"
40
propranolol
Beta blocker: Decrease SA and AV nodal activity by decrease cAMP, decrease Ca currents, AV particularly sensitive-increase PR suppress abnormal pace makers by decrease slope of phase 4 Used in Vent tachy, SVT, A Fibrillation and flutter TOX: impotence exacerbation of asthma, cardiovascular effects (brady, av block, CHF), CNS effects(sedation), mask hypoglycemia, "VASOSPASM in PRINZ angina"
41
esmolol
Beta blocker: Decrease SA and AV nodal activity by decrease cAMP, decrease Ca currents, AV particularly sensitive-increase PR suppress abnormal pace makers by decrease slope of phase 4 Used in Vent tachy, SVT, A Fibrillation and flutter TOX: impotence exacerbation of asthma, cardiovascular effects (brady, av block, CHF), CNS effects(sedation), mask hypoglycemia
42
atenolol
Beta blocker: Decrease SA and AV nodal activity by decrease cAMP, decrease Ca currents, AV particularly sensitive-increase PR suppress abnormal pace makers by decrease slope of phase 4 Used in Vent tachy, SVT, A Fibrillation and flutter TOX: impotence exacerbation of asthma, cardiovascular effects (brady, av block, CHF), CNS effects(sedation), mask hypoglycemiaa
43
timolol
Beta blocker: Decrease SA and AV nodal activity by decrease cAMP, decrease Ca currents, AV particularly sensitive-increase PR suppress abnormal pace makers by decrease slope of phase 4 Used in Vent tachy, SVT, A Fibrillation and flutter TOX: impotence exacerbation of asthma, cardiovascular effects (brady, av block, CHF), CNS effects(sedation), mask hypoglycemiaa
44
Amiodarone
K channel blocker- CHECK PFT, LFT, TFT! increase AP, increase ERP, used when all other fail, increase QT TOX: pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxic, hypo/hyper thyroid (40% Iod), corneal depostion, skin deposition(blue/gray)->photodermatitis neurologic effects, constipation, CV effects(brady, heart block, CHF) has class I, II, III, IV effects because it alters lipid membrane
45
Ibutilide
K channel blocker- increase AP, increase ERP, used when all other fail, increase QT TOX: torsade
46
dofetilide
K channel blocker- increase AP, increase ERP, used when all other fail, increase QT TOX:
47
Soltalol
K channel blocker- increase AP, increase ERP, used when all other fail, increase QT TOX: torsades, de pointes, excessive beta block
48
verapamil
CCB: decrease conduction velocity increase ERP increase PR interval. used in prevention of nodal arrhythmias (SVT) TOX: constipation, flushing, edema, CV effects(CHF, AV block, sinus node, depression)
49
dilatiazem
CCB: decrease conduction velocity increase ERP increase PR interval. used in prevention of nodal arrhythmias (SVT) TOX: constipation, flushing, edema, CV effects(CHF, AV block, sinus node, depression)
50
adenosine
K out of cells--> hyper polarizing the cell + decrease Ca. Drug of choice in diagnosis/ abolishing SVT!!! very short acting tox: flushing, hypotension, chest pain. effects blocked by theophyllin and caffeine
51
Mg
effective in torsade and digoxin toxicity | MgSO4 also used in eclampsia

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