endocrine Flashcards by Nancy Lan

aspart insulin

rapid acting

best for post-meal hypergylcemia

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lispro insulin

rapid acting

best for post-meal hypergylcemia

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Glulisine

rapid acting

best for post-meal hypergylcemia

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regular insulin

short acting

best for iv use

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NPH

intermediate acting

twice daily

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Glargine

long-acting

once daily

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Dtermir

Long-acting

once daily

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metformin

biguanides: decrease gluconeo,increase glycosis, increase glu uptake
use in 1st line type 2
tos: Gi upset, lactic acidosis(CI in renal failure)

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Tolbutamide

1st Generation, sulfonylureas
Close K channel in beta-cell membrane, so cell depolarizes->Ca influx–>trigger of insulin release
tox: disulfiram like side effect

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Chlorpropamide

1st Generation, sulfonylureas
Close K channel in beta-cell membrane, so cell depolarizes->Ca influx–>trigger of insulin release
tox: disulfiram like side effect

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Glyburide

2nd Generation, sulfonylureas
Close K channel in beta-cell membrane, so cell depolarizes->Ca influx–>trigger of insulin release
tox: hypoglycemia

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Glimepiride

2nd Generation, sulfonylureas
Close K channel in beta-cell membrane, so cell depolarizes->Ca influx–>trigger of insulin release
tox: hypoglycemia

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Glipizide

2nd Generation, sulfonylureas
Close K channel in beta-cell membrane, so cell depolarizes->Ca influx–>trigger of insulin release
tox: hypoglycemia

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Pioglitazone

Glitazones/thiazolidinediones
increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue: increase GLUT express
binds to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator: regulate release of adipokines from adipose tissue
use as monotherapy in type 2 or combined
TOX: weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, HF

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Rosigilitazone

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Acarbose

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor: inhibit intestinal brush-boarder alpha-glucosidases, delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption–>decrease postrandial hyperglycemia
Used as monotherapy in type 2 DM or in combination with above agents
TOX: GI disturbance

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miglitol

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pramlintide

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amylin analogs : decrease glucagon
type1 and type2 DM
TOX:hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea

exenatide

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GLP-1 analogs: increase insulin, decrease glucagon
for type 2
TOX: N/V, pancreatitis

liraglutide

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GLP-1(glucagon like peptide)analogs: increase insulin, decrease glucagon
for type 2
TOX: N/V, pancreatitis

linagliptin

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DPP-4 inhibitor: increase insulin, decrease glucagon
Type 2 DM
TOX: mild urinary or respiratory infection

saxaliptin

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DPP-4 inhibitor: increase insulin, decrease glucagon
Type 2 DM
TOX: mild urinary or respiratory infection

sitagliptin

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DPP-4 inhibitor: increase insulin, decrease glucagon
Type 2 DM
TOX: mild urinary or respiratory infection

Propythiouracil

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block peroxidase, there by inhibiting organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis. blocks 5’-deiodinase, increase peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
use in hyperthyoidism
TOX: skin rash, agranulocytosis(rare), aplastic anemia, hepatotoxicity

methimazole

block peroxidase, there by inhibiting organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis. use in hyperthyoidism TOX: skin rash, agranulocytosis(rare), aplastic anemia, teratogen

betablocker

block T4-->T3 conversion | used before and after RAI (ratio active iodium) therapy

potassium perchlorate

ion inhibitor | blocks iodide absorption by competitive inhibitor

Levothyroxine

thyroxine replacement use in hypothyroidism, myxedema tox: tachy, heat intolerance, tremors and arrhythmias

triiodothronine

thyroxine replacement use in hypothyroidism, myxedema tox: tachy, heat intolerance, tremors and arrhythmias

in GH deficiency, Turner syndrome

Somatosatin | octreotide

acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices

oxytocin

stimulates labor uterine contraction, milk let down control uterine hemorrhage

ADH | desmopressin

pituitary DI

demeclocycline

ADH antagonist(tetracycline family) used in SIADH tox: nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth

hydrocortisone