GI Flashcards
(28 cards)
ranitidine
H2 Blocker: reversible block of histamine H2 receptor–>decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells
Use for peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophagus reflux
TOX: decrease renal excretion of crea
cimetidine
H2 Blocker: reversible block of histamine H2 receptor–>decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells
Use for peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophagus reflux
TOX: cimetidine is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450;
antiandrogenic effects: gynecomastia, decrease libido
cross BBB: confusion, dizziness,headache, cross placenta
decrease renal excretion of crea
famotidine
H2 Blocker: reversible block of histamine H2 receptor–>decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells
Use for peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophagus reflux
TOX: rather little
nizatidine
H2 Blocker: reversible block of histamine H2 receptor–>decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells
Use for peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophagus reflux
TOX: rather little
omeprazole
proton pump inhibitor: irreversibly inhibits H/K/ATPase in stomach parietal cells
Use: pu, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
TOX: increase risk for C. diff, pneumonia,
hip fracture, decrease Mg with long term use
lansoprazole
proton pump inhibitor: irreversibly inhibits H/K/ATPase in stomach parietal cells
Use: pu, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
TOX: increase risk for C. diff, pneumonia,
hip fracture, decrease Mg with long term use
esomeprazole
proton pump inhibitor: irreversibly inhibits H/K/ATPase in stomach parietal cells
Use: pu, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
TOX: increase risk for C. diff, pneumonia,
hip fracture, decrease Mg with long term use
pantoprazole
proton pump inhibitor: irreversibly inhibits H/K/ATPase in stomach parietal cells
Use: pu, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
TOX: increase risk for C. diff, pneumonia,
hip fracture, decrease Mg with long term use
dexlansoprazole
proton pump inhibitor: irreversibly inhibits H/K/ATPase in stomach parietal cells
Use: pu, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
TOX: increase risk for C. diff, pneumonia,
hip fracture, decrease Mg with long term use
bismuth
bind to ulcer base providing physical protection and allowing HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer
use in: increase ulcer healing , traveller’s diarrhea
sucralfate
bind to ulcer base providing physical protection and allowing HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer
use in: increase ulcer healing , traveller’s diarrhea
misoprostol
a PGE1 analog, increase production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier and decrease acid production
prevention of NSAiD-induced peptic ulcer, maintenance of a pDA
also used in induce labor
toX: diarrhea, CI in women of childbearing potential
ostreotide
long acting somatostatin analog
used in variceal bleed, acromegaly, VIPoma and carcinoid tumor
TOX: nausea, cramps steatorrhea
aluminum hydroxide
antacid
tox: constipation and hypophophatemia
proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizure
for all: hypo K !!!! affect absorption, bioavailablilfity or urinary exccretion of other drugs by alternating gastric and urinary pH or by delaying gastric emptying
magnesium hydroxide
antacid
for all: hypo K !!!! affect absorption, bioavailablilfity or urinary exccretion of other drugs by alternating gastric and urinary pH or by delaying gastric emptying
TOX: diarrhea–>laxative, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest
calcium cardonate
Antacid
for all: hypo K !!!! affect absorption, bioavailablilfity or urinary exccretion of other drugs by alternating gastric and urinary pH or by delaying gastric emptying
ToX: hyper Ca, rebound acid increase
Mg citrate
osmotic laxatives
provide osmotic draw the water out
used in constipation
TOX: diarrhea, dehydration, maybe abused in bulimics
polyethlene polycol
osmotic laxatives
provide osmotic draw the water out
used in constipation
TOX: diarrhea, dehydration, maybe abused in bulimics, metabolic acidosis
lactulose
osmotic laxatives: provide osmotic draw the water out
used in constipation,
“hepa encephalopathy: gut flora degrade it into metabolites(lactic acid and acetic acid): promotes nitrogen excretion as NH4”
TOX: diarrhea, dehydration, maybe abused in bulimics
infliximab
monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha
CD, UC, RA
toc: infection: TB reactivation, fever, hypotension
Sulfasalazine
combination of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflmmatory). Activated by colonic bacteria
UC, CD
Malaise, nausea, sulfonamide toxicity, reversible oligospermia
Ondansetron
5-HT3 antagonist.
powerful central-acting antiemetic
Use: control vomiting postoperatively and inpatients undergoing cancer chemo
TOX: headache, constipation
Granisetron
5-HT3 antagonist.
powerful central-acting antiemetic
Use: control vomiting postoperatively and inpatients undergoing cancer chemo
TOX: headache, constipation
Metoclopramide
D2 receptor antagonist, increase resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility. Do not influence colon transport time
use in DM and post surgical gastroparesis, antiemetic
TOX: increase parkinsonian effects. restless, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea.
drug interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents.
CI in pt with small bowel obstruction or Parkinson
